Melanoma yog ib hom qog malignant. Nws tsim los ntawm cov xim tsim cov hlwb hu ua melanocytes thiab muaj peev xwm tsim melanin, tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij los ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Raws li txoj cai, melanomas tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw qhib ntawm lub cev, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias, retina ntawm lub qhov muag, lossis hauv qhov quav. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob no ua rau kom cov neeg mob rov zoo.
Kev kho mob ntawm melanoma
Kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheem no yog, raws li txoj cai, txoj kev kho tseem ceeb. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob tso cai rau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog thiab lawv qhov loj, cov hauv qab no ntawm kev kho mob melanoma los ntawm kev phais mob tuaj yeem ua tau:
- kev tshem tawm yooj yim cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov qog nrog me me ntawm cov tawv nqaij ib txwm nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological;
- Kev txiav dav dav yog ua tiav thaum kuaj pom ntawm melanoma (qhov no, qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov npoo ntawm melanoma nyob ntawm nws qhov tuab).
Lwm yam haujlwm
Thaum localizingneoplasms ntawm caj npab los yog txhais ceg tau dav amputated yav dhau los. Niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem no raug tso tseg, txij li kev txiav tawm dav kuj tseem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov qog ntshav qab zib raug tshem tawm nrog lawv cov kev kuaj mob ntxiv kom paub meej tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nyob rau theem siab ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, kev phais tshem tawm ntawm metastases yuav ua tau.
Tshuaj khomob
Tshuaj kho mob melanoma suav nrog kev noj tshuaj uas tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhais tau tias rau kev tswj hwm txoj hlab ntshav tau raug sau tseg. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua cov hlwb uas sib faib sai heev, yog li ntawd, nrog kev kho mob zoo li no, cov pob txha pob txha, mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab cov hnyuv, thiab cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj. Kev kho mob melanoma feem ntau ua nrog cov tshuaj xws li: Dacarbazine, Cisplatin, Temozolomide, Paclimaxel.
Immunotherapy
kho mob melanoma yuav tsum muaj xws li kev ua ub no txhawm rau txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qee kis tuaj yeem siv txawm tias nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm cov txheej txheem mob qog noj ntshav.
Cytokines tuaj yeem raug tshuaj rau cov neeg mob. Cov no yog cov proteins uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau, Interferon-alpha los yog Interleukin-2 yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm intravenously los yog subcutaneous txhaj. Xws li kev kho mob ntawm melanomas tuaj yeem txo qhov loj ntawm cov qog txawm tias nyob rau theem 3-4 ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.
kev kho mob tsis zoo
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov qog lossis tso tseg txoj kev mob qog noj ntshav, kev kho mob yog ua los txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov mob. Ua ntej, tsis yog-opioid analgesics raug tshuaj - Aspirin, Paracetamol, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, morphine-based opioid analgesics. Kev kho mob Palliative kuj tseem suav nrog kev kho hluav taws xob, uas tsis tuaj yeem kho tus mob qog noj ntshav tag nrho tab sis pab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev loj hlob sai. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab los ua kev pab tom qab kev phais tshem tawm cov qog.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tu siab thaum kuaj pom melanoma, kev kho mob, tus nqi thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev phais mob tau txiav txim siab tus kheej, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological, nws qhov kev nthuav dav thiab qib ntawm kev loj hlob.
