Basic pathological reflexes

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Basic pathological reflexes
Basic pathological reflexes

Video: Basic pathological reflexes

Video: Basic pathological reflexes
Video: Koj Dag Tsis Tau Tus Pojniam 40 Xyoo 06/03/2020 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Reflex - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev rau sab nraud stimuli. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb lossis lub paj hlwb, pathological reflexes tshwm sim, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm pathology ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Hauv kev xyaum neurological, lawv ua haujlwm ua beacons rau kev kuaj pom ntau yam kab mob.

Lub tswv yim ntawm tus kab mob pathological

Thaum lub ntsiab neuron ntawm lub paj hlwb lossis neural pathways puas lawm, pathological reflexes tshwm sim. Lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas tshiab ntawm sab nraud stimuli thiab lub cev teb rau lawv, uas tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tus qauv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tib neeg lub cev tsis teb txaus rau lub cev kev sib cuag, piv rau ib tug neeg ib txwm tsis muaj pathologies.

pathological reflexes
pathological reflexes

Cov kev xav zoo li no qhia tau tias muaj kab mob puas hlwb lossis paj hlwb hauv tib neeg. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, ntau qhov kev xav tau raug suav hais tias yog ib txwm muaj (extension-plantar, grasping, sucking), thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus tib yam suav hais tias yog pathological. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog txog li ob xyoos, tag nrho cov reflexes yog vim lub paj hlwb puas. Pathological kuj yog conditional,thiab unconditioned reflexes. Qhov qub tshwm sim raws li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau qhov kev txhawb nqa, tsau hauv kev nco yav dhau los. Cov tom kawg yog qhov txawv txav tsis zoo rau lub hnub nyoog lossis qhov xwm txheej.

Kev tshwm sim

Pathological reflexes tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb tawg, pathologies ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb, xws li:

  • kev puas tsuaj rau cerebral cortex los ntawm kev kis kab mob, kab mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum, qog;
  • hypoxia - lub hlwb tsis ua haujlwm vim tsis muaj oxygen;
  • mob stroke - kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb;
  • ICP (cerebral palsy) yog ib qho kab mob hauv lub cev uas qhov kev xav ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab tsis ploj zuj zus mus, tab sis txhim kho;
  • mob ntshav siab;
  • tus kab mob;
  • coma xeev;
  • qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob.
Pathological Babinski reflex
Pathological Babinski reflex

Txhua yam kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, kev puas tsuaj rau kev sib txuas ntawm neural, kab mob ntawm lub hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau txawv txav, tsis zoo reflexes.

Kev faib tawm ntawm pathological reflexes

Pathological reflexes tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

  • Reflexes ntawm caj npab sab sauv. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov kab mob carpal reflexes, cov lus teb tsis zoo rau sab nraud stimuli ntawm sab qaum. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis yeem tuav thiab tuav ib qho khoom. Lawv tshwm sim thaum daim tawv nqaij ntawm xib teg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntiv tes yog khaus.
  • Reflexes ntawm qis extremities. Cov no suav nrog qhov txawv txav ntawm ko taw reflexes, kev cuam tshuam rau tappingrauj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm flexion los yog extension ntawm lub phalanges ntawm cov ntiv taw, flexion ntawm ko taw.
  • Reflexes ntawm lub qhov ncauj cov leeg - pathological contraction ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag.

Foot reflexes

Extension reflexes ntawm ko taw yog qhov tshwm sim thaum ntxov ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb. Pathological Babinski reflex feem ntau kuaj hauv neurology. Nws yog ib qho cim ntawm lub cev muaj zog neuron syndrome. Nws belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm reflexes ntawm qis extremities. Nws manifests nws tus kheej raws li nram no: ib tug dashed txav raws sab ntug ntawm ko taw ua rau lub extension ntawm tus ntiv taw loj. Tej zaum yuav nrog ib tug fanning ntawm tag nrho cov ntiv taw. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj pathology, xws li khaus ntawm ko taw ua rau involuntary flexion ntawm tus ntiv taw loj los yog tag nrho cov ntiv taw. Kev txav yuav tsum yog lub teeb, tsis ua rau mob. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsim ntawm Babinski reflex yog qhov ua rau qeeb ntawm kev khaus ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm excitation ntawm ntu ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos thiab ib nrab xyoo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Babinski reflex yog suav tias yog tus qauv, tom qab ntawd nrog kev tsim ntawm kev taug kev thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm lub cev, nws yuav tsum ploj mus.

Pathological reflexes tau pom
Pathological reflexes tau pom

Ib yam zoo sib xws yuav tshwm sim nrog rau lwm yam teebmeem ntawm receptors:

  • Oppenheim reflex - ncua ntawm tus ntiv tes tshwm sim thaum nias thiab txav los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab nrog tus ntiv tes xoo hauv tibia;
  • Gordon's reflex - thaum cog lus ntawm cov leeg nqaij;
  • Schaeffer reflex - nrog compression ntawm Achilles leeg.
kab mobflexion reflexes
kab mobflexion reflexes

Pathological ko taw flexor reflexes:

  • Rossolimo reflex - thaum raug rauj ntawm lub rauj lossis lub ntsis ntiv tes ntawm sab hauv ntawm phalanges, II-V ntiv taw ntawm ko taw tau nrawm nrawm;
  • Bekhterev's reflex - tib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim thaum maj mam tapping rau sab nrauv ntawm ko taw hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha metatarsal;
  • YZhukovsky's reflex - manifests nws tus kheej thaum ntaus qhov chaw ntawm ko taw, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus ntiv tes.

Reflexes ntawm qhov ncauj automatism

pathological reflexes nyob rau hauv neurology
pathological reflexes nyob rau hauv neurology

Qhov ncauj automatism yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau ib qho irritant, manifested los ntawm lawv involuntary zog. Qhov zoo ntawm pathological reflexes yog pom nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no manifestations:

  • Nasolabial reflex, tshwm sim thaum tapping ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov ntswg nrog rauj, manifested los ntawm stretching daim di ncauj. Cov nyhuv tib yam tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum mus txog ntawm lub qhov ncauj (nruab deb-qhov ncauj reflex) lossis nrog lub teeb tshuab mus rau hauv qab lossis sab sauv - lub qhov ncauj reflex.
  • Palmar-chin reflex, lossis Marinescu-Radovic reflex. Stroke txav hauv thaj tsam ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo los ntawm ib sab ntawm xib teg ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab teem lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv motion.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no suav tias yog ib txwm muaj rau cov menyuam mos, lawv qhov muaj nyob hauv cov neeg laus yog ib qho pathology.

Sykinesis and defensive reflexes

Synkinesis yog qhov ua kom rov qab los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ceg ceg. Pathological reflexes ntawm no muaj xws li:

  • global synkinesis (thaum khoovcaj npab unbend ceg los yog vice versa);
  • imitative: involuntary repetition of txav ntawm ib tug tsis noj qab haus huv (tus tuag tes tuag taw) limb tom qab txav ntawm ib tug noj qab nyob zoo;
  • kev sib koom tes: kev txav ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Synkinesis tau tshwm sim nrog kev txav mus los. Piv txwv li, thaum tsiv caj npab los yog txhais ceg nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg tuag tes tuag taw, spontaneous nqaij contraction tshwm sim, ib tug dabtsi yog khoov txav ntawm caj npab tshwm sim, thiab ob txhais ceg txuas ntxiv.

pathological taw reflexes
pathological taw reflexes

Kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim thaum tus ceg tawv ceg tawv nqaij khaus khaus thiab tshwm sim los ntawm nws txoj kev txav mus los. Ib qho irritant tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, ib rab koob prick. Cov kev tshwm sim no tseem hu ua spinal automatisms. Kev tiv thaiv reflexes suav nrog cov tsos mob ntawm Marie-Foy-Bekhtereva - flexion ntawm cov ntiv taw ua rau tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm ceg ntawm lub hauv caug thiab lub duav sib koom.

Tonic reflexes

Pathological tonic reflexes
Pathological tonic reflexes

Nquag, tonic reflexes tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus txij thaum yug mus txog peb lub hlis. Lawv qhov kev tshwm sim txuas ntxiv txawm tias nyob rau lub hlis thib tsib ntawm lub neej tuaj yeem qhia txog kev swb ntawm tus menyuam uas muaj mob hlwb. Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob hlwb, lub cev muaj zog automatisms tsis ploj mus, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus. Cov no suav nrog pathological tonic reflexes:

  • Labyrinth tonic reflex. Nws raug kuaj xyuas hauv ob txoj haujlwm - sab nraub qaum thiab ntawm lub plab - thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus menyuam lub taub hau hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas muaj cerebral palsy, nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv nceextensor nqaij leeg thaum pw tom qab thiab flexor nqaij thaum tus me nyuam pw ntawm lub plab.
  • Symmetrical cervical tonic reflex. Nrog cerebral palsy, nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub taub hau txav ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm cov ceg.
  • Asymmetric cervical tonic reflex. Nws yog manifested los ntawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm ceg ceg thaum lub taub hau tig mus rau sab. Nyob rau sab uas lub ntsej muag tig, cov leeg extensor tau qhib, thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau, cov flexors.

Nyob rau hauv cerebral palsy, ua ke ntawm tonic reflexes yog ua tau, uas qhia txog qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob.

Tendon reflexes

Tendon reflexes feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm rauj tshuab ntawm cov leeg. Lawv muab faib ua ob peb hom:

  • Biceps tendon reflex. Nyob rau hauv teb rau lub tshuab nrog rauj rau nws, caj npab khoov ntawm lub luj tshib.
  • Triceps tendon reflex. Lub caj npab yog khoov ntawm lub luj tshib, txuas ntxiv tshwm sim thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam.
  • Knee reflex. Lub tshuab poob rau ntawm cov leeg quadriceps femoris, hauv qab lub hauv caug. Qhov tshwm sim yog ceg txuas ntxiv ntawm lub hauv caug sib koom.

Pathological tendon reflexes tau tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj lus teb rau rauj tshuab. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nrog tuag tes tuag taw, coma, raug mob qaum.

Puas kho tau?

Pathological reflexes hauv neurology tsis kho los ntawm lawv tus kheej, vim qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob sib txawv, tab sis tsuas yog cov tsos mob ntawm qee qhov kev puas siab puas ntsws. Lawv qhia txog cov teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, mus nrhiav qhov ua rau ntawm lawv cov tsos. Tsuas yog tom qabKev kuaj mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob, peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev kho mob tshwj xeeb, vim nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho qhov ua rau nws tus kheej, thiab tsis yog nws qhov tshwm sim. Pathological reflexes tsuas tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab tus kab mob thiab nws qhov hnyav.

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