Raws li kev txheeb cais, tsuas yog 20% ntawm txhua tus neeg mob hauv cov chaw kho hniav muaj qhov sib luag thiab raug tom. Hauv lwm tus, kev kaw cov hniav muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam thiab txawv ntawm qhov kev kho lub cev kom raug. Rau qee tus neeg mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav kom kho qhov tsis zoo ntawm lawv cov qauv. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov mob ntawm qhov tom, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus kws kho hniav uas yuav pab qhia rau tus neeg thiab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg, sau tshuaj kho kom raug. Ua ntej mus ntsib kws kho mob, tus neeg mob yuav tsum nkag siab qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov raug thiab qhov tsis raug tom kom nkag siab qhov kev kuaj mob uas tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua.
Cas ntawm teeb meem
Txhua tus neeg cov hniav muaj tus qauv tsim. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam, kev kho hniav tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom:
- tsis raug lossis daim ntawv pathological;
- yog lossis daim ntawv physiological.
Pathological physiological tom yog ib qho xoob xoob ntawm ob kab ntawm cov hniav thaum lawv raug kaw lossis tsis muaj kev sib cuag. Xws litus mob no tshwm sim los ntawm congenital los yog lub neej teeb meem nrog lub puab tsaig thiab dentition.
Ntau kab mob hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- vim kab mob (kuj los yog kis tau);
- nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig raug mob (tshwj xeeb yog pob txha);
- vim muaj kab mob ntev uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev ua pa.
Feem ntau, cov kab mob tshwm sim txawm tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog yau, yog tias tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem ua pa los ntawm qhov ntswg, tab sis ua pa ntawm qhov ncauj. Yog vim li no nws yuav tsum tsis tu ncua kom nws lub qhov ncauj ajar. Cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qhov ncauj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab kho hniav.
Ntau zaus, kab mob nrog kev kaw cov hniav tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej yug menyuam. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob xav txog cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- cev xeeb tub tsis zoo;
- ntshav qab zib;
- teeb meem nrog cov txheej txheem metabolic;
- kis tus menyuam thaum lub sijhawm nws loj hlob hauv plab.
Cov teeb meem me nyuam mos
Cov yam hauv qab no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov mob tom ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab:
- teeb meem hniav;
- yug raug mob;
- teeb meem nrog tus menyuam noj zaub mov (tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov zaub mov thiab cov vitamins);
- pib pib ntawm kev pub mis;
- tawg tus me nyuam mos cov hniav.
Cov kws tshaj lij tsis qhia kom siv cov pacifiers thaum ntxov lossis muab pacifier rau menyuam yaus ntev. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev txhim kho ntawm tom. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo rau tus me nyuam kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob.
Ntau yam ua rau malocclusion
Yog tias tus menyuam muaj cov hniav malocclusion vim yog los ntawm caj ces, ces kev kho mob yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov uas tau ua nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm tus cwj pwm phem lossis teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Genetic pathologies feem ntau yog txuam nrog qhov loj ntawm lub puab tsaig pob txha, yog li nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev los kho qhov teeb meem.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv txoj kev kho kom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob. Qee zaum, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tom, kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb rau lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yog xav tau: lub cuab yeej ntawm Herbst, Brukl.
Kev mob malocclusion qeeb qeeb tom qab tus menyuam yug los. Kev kho mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav cov me nyuam los ntawm cov cwj pwm phem, uas feem ntau ua rau malocclusion. Yog tias koj mus ntsib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua thiab ua kom yooj yim ntawm kev kho kab mob.
Feem ntau ua rau tsis ua haujlwm:
- tus cwj pwm zom khoom ntau yam;
- bruxism;
- trema thiab diastema;
- kab mob ua pa;
- kab mob uas ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog pob txha loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob;
- tsis muaj khoom nojkhoom noj khoom haus.
Qhov tsis raug tom thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm siv prosthetics lossis raug mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kab mob tom qab tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab tshem tawm cov hniav, vim tias qhov khoob ntawm cov hniav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub puab tsaig. Yog tias peb xav txog cov khoom siv dag zog, ces qhov no, tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lawv tsis txhob ua txhaum txoj haujlwm ntawm lub puab tsaig ntawm lub puab tsaig, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lawv hloov chaw.
Nyob rau hauv menyuam yaus, kev kho ntawm pathological occlusion tuaj yeem ua tiav siv ntau txoj hauv kev, kev xaiv ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm pathology. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov hluas, cov phaj orthopedic, braces thiab cov kws qhia yog siv. Daim duab ntawm malocclusion tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Yog tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv loj:
- Kev cuam tshuam hauv plab zom mov. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau tus mob no yog qhov nyuaj ntawm zom zaub mov ib txwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus neeg yuav tsum nqos cov khoom loj uas tsis zoo digested hauv plab.
- teeb meem tshwm sim. Qhov no pathology provokes lub curvature ntawm cov hniav thiab hloov lub profile ntawm lub ntsej muag tag nrho.
- teeb meem hniav. Kev thauj khoom ntawm cov hniav yuav raug faib tsis sib npaug, hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov ncauj nws yuav muaj zog dua. Hauv qhov no, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob periodontal yog siab. Cov hniav pib hnav sai sai, ua rau rhiab heev. Xws liCov neeg mob feem ntau tsim caries.
- Temporal joint lesion, uas provokes qhov mob tas li ntawm lub taub hau. Cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub qhov ncauj tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj, ua rau mob rwj ntawm qhov chaw mob.
- Ua pa nyuaj thiab teeb meem nrog kev hais lus.
Txhawm rau pib kho cov kab mob kom zoo, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas yuav kuaj xyuas thiab sau cov kev kho mob tsim nyog rau ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
hom malocclusion
Yuav yuam kev ntau heev. Tab sis tsis txhob xyuam xim rau xws li ib lub xeev yog tsis tsim nyog nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau mus ntsib kws kho hniav uas yuav xaiv ib txoj hauv kev zoo los kho qhov teeb meem.
Pathological hom occlusion suav nrog tsib kev ua txhaum ntawm kab hniav. Txhua tus ntawm lawv txawv ntawm lwm tus thiab nws muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev xyaum, cov kws kho mob feem ntau ntsib ntau hom malocclusion.
Deep view
Taumatic los yog sib sib zog nqus tom - ib qho mob uas lub sab sauv incisors ib nrab npog cov qis. Cov mob no yog suav tias yog feem ntau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau kho nws vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav poob thaum ntxov. Tom qab tag nrho, kev poob hniav thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov yog kev ntxhov siab ntxiv, tsis xis nyob, thiab kuj yog qhov tsis xws luag zoo nkauj.
Vim kev raug mob tom, ib tug neeg feem ntau muaj cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- raug mob ntawm qhov ncauj mucosakab noj;
- nrawm nrawm nrawm;
- kev noj qab haus huv;
- kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm lub hauv ntej incisors;
- aesthetic defect;
- mob taub hau, kiv taub hau.
Open shape
Qhib tom yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv qhov no, cov hniav ntawm lub puab tsaig tsis tuaj yeem kaw tag nrho.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm qhov txhab:
- elongated zoo ntawm sab qis ntawm lub ntsej muag.
- Teeb meem nrog lub suab apparatus, nyuaj rau pronouncing ib co lus.
- Teeb meem zom zaub mov thiab nqos.
- Cov leeg ntawm qhov ncauj ua haujlwm tas li thiab thauj khoom.
Cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom qhib tom. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg vim qhov poob ntawm tag nrho cov hniav los yog tsuas yog ib feem.
Feem ntau qhov tshwm sim no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas ua phem rau tus cwj pwm phem, tab sis tus kab mob kuj kis mus rau cov hniav mis. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov tseeb lossis rachitic. Nws tsim tau ntev, nyuaj.
Cross shape
Crossover malocclusion tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev txhim kho tsis sib xws ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab sab qis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hniav sib tshuam nyob rau hauv lub lateral los yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus mob no yog lub ntsej muag asymmetry.
Distal occlusion yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj zog ntawm cov kab sab sauv sab saud. Cov hniav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog heev nthuav mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab tsis txhob hu rau lub qis hniav.
Muaj peev xwm tshwm sim ntawm overbite:
- muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob periodont althiab caries;
- nyob rau hauv lub temporomandibular sib koom, thaum tham los yog noj, muaj zog crunch nrog mob syndrome yuav tshwm sim;
- siav teeb meem;
- thaum mus ntsib kws kho mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo tias tus kab mob yuav tiv thaiv qee cov txheej txheem kho.
Mesial bite
Mesial pathological tom tau piav qhia los ntawm kev muaj zog ntawm lub puab tsaig qis rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hniav nyob rau hauv qab no, ib nrab los yog kiag li obscure lub sab sauv sawv daws yuav. Tus neeg uas muaj kab mob no muaj lub puab tsaig tseem ceeb.
Lub ntsiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology yog raws li hauv qab no:
- teeb meem nrog lub ntsej muag symmetry;
- noj teeb meem, hais lus tsis meej;
- kev txhim kho ntawm kab mob periodontal;
- tsis kaj siab mob syndrome, nyem thiab crunching hauv kev sib koom ua ke;
- teeb meem nrog kev kho hniav.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas
Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txheeb xyuas ntau hom kab mob tom kab mob:
- Teleroentgenography, uas pab txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm cov hniav inclination, qhia lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo. Cov txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv lub lateral projection.
- Orthopantomography lossis Plain X-ray. Nyob rau hauv daim duab zoo li no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom qhov mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov hniav, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav, cov hniav.
- Photometry lossis ntau daim duab ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab qhov ncauj. Cov txheej txheem pab txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm incisors, nrog rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem nrog lub ntsej muag sib luag.
- Txoj kev ntawm lub puab tsaig qauv. Txoj kev noKev kuaj mob yuav pab kom pom qhov pom ntawm lub xeev tom thiab txheeb xyuas txhua yam teeb meem nrog cov qauv ntawm lub puab tsaig.
Txhua txoj kev kuaj mob yuav raug xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob nws tus kheej. Tab sis lawv tau siv thaum kuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab lub xeev tom, raws li txoj cai, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb.
Bite kho
Tus kws kho hniav yog koom nrog kev kho cov kab mob pathological ntawm tom. Kev kho mob yam tsis tau poob suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:
- ntsuas ntsuas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas, uas tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug thiab xaiv txoj hauv kev los kho qhov ua txhaum cai. Ua li no, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab xa mus rau CT scan, orthopantomogram thiab radiovisiography.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov teeb meem raug tshem tawm.
- Rehabilitate lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav (tawm cov kab noj hniav thiab lwm yam kab mob, nrog rau kev tu cov hniav ntawm cov hniav).
- Tom ntej, qhov tom raug kho siv tus qauv xaiv.
- Txoj kev rov qab los ntawm tus neeg mob, tiv thaiv kev rov qab los thiab khaws cia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob.
kho qhov mob tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov no hom kev kho yog xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob, raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob.
Feem ntau siv braces, daim hlau, cov kws qhia thiab cov aligners. Nrog rau hom kab mob tom, hlau-ceramic prosthetics yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
