Feces - cov khoom kawg ntawm kev ua cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Ib tug neeg noj qab nyob zoo uas tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm digestive teeb meem tau zoo li cov quav uas tsis muaj roj nruab nrab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev zom zaub mov thiab kev nqus ntawm cov khoom seem hauv txoj hnyuv yuav tsum tau them nrog me me ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab cylindrical epithelial hlwb. Yog tias tsis muaj rog nyob hauv cov quav, qhov mob no hu ua steatorrhea. Nws raug suav hais tias yog pathological thiab yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob ntawm cov txiav txiav, cov kab mob hauv lub cev lossis daim siab.
rog yog dab tsi?
Neutral fats yog esters ntawm fatty acids thiab glycerol. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg pawg hydroxyl ntawm glycerol yog esterified nrog fatty acids, cov nram qab no hom lipids ntawm pab pawg neeg no txawv:
- triglycerides - peb pawg;
- diglycerides - ob pawg;
- monoglycerides - ib pawg.
Neutral fatyog nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cia khoom los yog ua protoplasmic rog, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub hlwb. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv no txawv. Protoplasmic lipids muaj ib tug tas li muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam nqi uas tsis hloov nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm rog los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug neeg poob phaus. Tus nqi ntawm cov roj cia yuav hloov pauv.
Triglycerides
pab pawg no yog ntau tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lipids nruab nrab. Cov fatty acids uas tsim cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem ua tsis tau thiab saturated. Feem ntau yog: oleic, stearic thiab palmitic acids. Yog hais tias cov radicals uas tsim cov triglyceride yog ib tug acid, ces nws yog hu ua yooj yim, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv kev sib raug zoo rau txawv acids - tov.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov roj nruab nrab yog nyob ntawm seb cov acids muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov yam ntxwv muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- ntau dua tus naj npawb thiab ntev ntawm cov roj saturated fatty acid residues, qhov siab dua qhov melting point ntawm lipids;
- ntau unsaturated fatty acids thiab lawv cov saw luv luv, qhov qis melting point;
- triglycerides tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saponification, ua rau tawg mus rau hauv fatty acids thiab glycerol;
- txheej txheem saponification yog yam ntxwv ntawm enzymatic hydrolysis, kev ua ntawm alkalis thiab acids.
YProperties ntawm lipids
Neutral fat - ib yam khoom uas melts yooj yim, nws yog sib dua li dej, tab sis insoluble nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, lipids yog khoom, zoo li tshuaj pleev, los yog kua.mob thiab tuaj yeem yaj dhau qhov kub ntau.
Cov tshuaj yog xyaum tsis muaj dej hauv dej, tab sis ntxiv xab npum lossis qee yam emulsifier rau lawv ua rau tsim cov aqueous emulsions ruaj khov. Cov roj nruab nrab dissolves zoo hauv cawv thiab ntau cov kuab tshuaj (ether, roj av, benzene, chloroform).
Phospholipids tsis muaj xim tab sis tsaus nti sai thaum raug huab cua. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm oxidation ntawm unsaturated fatty acids uas ua rau muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov khoom ntawm cov roj nruab nrab muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev yog raws li hauv qab no:
- txheej txheej, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov kev daws teeb meem, pab kom cov lipids koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov cell membranes;
- nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov proteins nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cell membranes, tswj cov txheej txheem nkag mus rau hauv lub cell ntawm cov organic tshuaj uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic;
- yog ib txwm tshwm sim antioxidants.
Qhov kev vam khom ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov rog nruab nrab ntawm lawv cov qauv piav qhia txog lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau ntawm phospholipids muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, daim siab, plawv.
Steatorrhea thiab nws hom
Neutral rog nyob rau hauv quav yog ib tug pathological mob. Nyob ntawm cov etiology, cov nram qab no hom steatorrhea yog txawv:
- hom plab hnyuv. Vim qee qhov laj thawj, lipids tsis nqus hauv cov hnyuv, tab sis mus sab nraud nrogquav.
- Alimentary type. Lub hauv paus ntawm no pathology yog irrational khoom noj khoom haus. Nrog rau cov zaub mov, ntau cov phospholipids nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev, uas tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau tag nrho.
- Pancreatic yam. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov txiav. Muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lipase - lub enzyme lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lipids.
Steatorrhea kuj txawv ntawm ntau yam khoom. Cov quav yuav muaj cov roj ntsha tseem ceeb (triglycerides), xab npum thiab fatty acids, lossis tag nrho peb.
Ua rau pancreatic steatorrhea
Neutral fat nyob rau hauv quav ntawm tus me nyuam los yog neeg laus tej zaum yuav tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv txav.
1. Cov kab mob pancreatic:
- mob pancreatitis thaum thawj rau lub hlis;
- mob pancreas ntev tshaj li rau lub hlis (hloov txheej txheem);
- ntxov ntawm Wirsung duct (los ntawm nws cov kua txiv pancreatic nkag mus rau duodenum);
- Zolinger-Ellison syndrome yog cov txheej txheem qog uas ua rau mob plab thiab plab hnyuv.
2. Kab mob siab:
- mob siab thiab mob siab;
- kab mob siab los ntawm kev haus cawv;
- cirrhosis ntawm daim siab;
- sclerosing type cholangitis - kab mob inflammatoryintrahepatic bile ducts, uas yog nrog los ntawm caws pliav;
- hemochromatosis yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic cuam tshuam nrog hlau, uas yog nrog los ntawm nws cov kab mob hauv lub cev;
- siab amyloidosis;
- qog thiab cysts.
3. Pathology ntawm lub gallbladder thiab ducts:
- kab mob gallstone;
- mob plab gallbladder, mob thiab ntev;
- cholangitis - mob ntawm cov ducts;
- kis kab mob ntawm biliary nrog Giardia.
Ua rau plab hnyuv steatorrhea
Neutral rog nyob rau hauv lub coprogram nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv hom pathology yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob:
- hauv Crohn tus kab mob - ib qho mob ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv, uas ua rau kev nqaim thiab ulceration;
- nrog Whipple's disease - kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv thiab lub cheeb tsam lymphatic nees luav ntawm qhov kis kab mob;
- nrog plab hnyuv lymphoma - ib lub qog uas muaj cov lymphocytes;
- nyob rau hauv qhov mob tom qab phais;
- nrog enteritis, enterocolitis;
- rau amyloidosis;
- nrog diverticulosis - cov txheej txheem pathological nrog los ntawm kev tsim cov diverticula (protrusions) hauv cov hnyuv phab ntsa.
Lwm yam etiological
Qhov ua rau pom cov phospholipids hauv cov quav tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob ntawm cov qog endocrine. Hypothyroidism thiab Addison tus kab mob (adrenalinsufficiency).
Abetalipoproteinemia (kev tsis haum rau kev nqus thiab thauj cov lipids), cystic fibrosis (cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm txhua lub qog yog cov kua nplaum thiab tuab) thiab cealkia (ib kab mob uas gluten tsis tawg tag) yog cov kab mob hauv lub cev uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. pom cov rog nruab nrab hauv cov quav me nyuam.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm phospholipids hauv cov quav tuaj yeem nrog psoriasis thiab eczema, nrog rau kev siv cov tshuaj laxatives thiab tshuaj siv rau kev poob phaus.
daim duab kho mob
thawj qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology yog qhov nquag nquag kom tso quav. Cov quav yog oily thiab nyuaj rau ntxuav tawm ntawm lub tais tso quav. Cov quav tawm ib txoj kev greasy. Cov xim ntawm cov quav yuav nyob li qub, los yog hloov mus rau lub teeb lossis grey ntxoov ntxoo.
Ntxiv rau, cov rog tsis muaj qab hau, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj fatty acids thiab glycerol, tshwm sim hauv quav, ntxiv rau, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- hnoos qhuav;
- kiv taub hau;
- mob pob qij txha;
- bloating;
- kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo;
- tsis muaj zog;
- qhuav mucous membranes;
- cov pos hniav.
Qhov pom ntawm cov quav oily thiab tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog vim li cas thiaj nrhiav kev pab tsim nyog.
ntsuas ntsuas
Kev sau cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab anamnesis yog nrog los ntawm kev qhia meej txog thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim, nrog dab tsitus neeg mob koom nrog lawv qhov tshwm sim thaum cov quav tau kis tus cwj pwm oily. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb qhia meej txog qhov muaj cov kab mob congenital lossis pathologies uas tau txais los ntawm tus neeg mob cov txheeb ze. Tom ntej no, tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob. Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev qaug zog, qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias yog txiav txim siab, palpation thiab percussion ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum.
Coprology (laboratory kawm txog quav) muaj kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- Macroscopy - steatorrhea zoo nkaus li cov quav sib zog nrog cov tawv nqaij tawv.
- Microscopy txiav txim seb muaj lipids, fatty acids, xab npum. Feem ntau, tsis pub ntau tshaj 5 g ntawm cov roj nruab nrab yuav tsum tau tawm nrog cov quav hauv 24 teev. Cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no yog pathological.
Yog tias tsim nyog, siv txoj kev tshawb fawb radioisotope, kuaj ultrasound ntawm lub plab hnyuv plab, colonoscopy, ntsuas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub cev, kev sab laj ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist thiab tus kws kho mob.
Kev tshem tawm steatorrhea
Ua ntej tshaj, kev kho mob yog tsom rau cov kab mob uas ua rau pom cov rog tsis zoo hauv cov quav. Kev xaiv tus kheej ntawm kev noj haus kuj yog ua los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pathology. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau cais tawm cov khoom kib, pickled, smoked.
Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv, tshem tus cwj pwm phem. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv rau kev noj zaub mov cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm retinol, tocopherol, calciferol thiab vitamin K. Cov vitamins tib yam roj-soluble no tau sau rau hauv cov tshuaj.tshuaj.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab qhov tshwm sim
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum kho lig. Muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov as-ham hauv txoj hnyuv. Tawm tsam keeb kwm no, hypo- thiab beriberi, protein deficiency thiab depletion ntawm lub cev tsim. Pathology ntawm dej thiab electrolyte tshuav yog manifested los ntawm ib tug tas li xav nqhis dej, o, lub cev qhuav dej, convulsive qaug dab peg.
Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kuaj pom cov tsos mob ntawm oxaluria (ntau dhau pathological excretion ntawm oxalic acid ntsev los ntawm lub cev nrog rau cov zis) thiab tsim cov pob zeb tso zis ntawm oxalate keeb kwm. Cov kab mob pathological no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, oxalates tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm txoj hnyuv, vim tias lawv ua ke nrog calcium ua rau lawv insoluble. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm steatorrhea, calcium nyob rau hauv ntau ntau yog tawm ntawm lub cev nrog rau cov quav. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm oxalates los ntawm txoj hnyuv mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
Tus neeg mob poob lub cev hnyav heev. Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev raug cuam tshuam. Cov kev tshwm sim no ua rau muaj teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws (insomnia, kev hloov hauv kev sib txuas lus, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo).
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem faib ua thawj thiab theem nrab. Kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug yog ua kom tus kab mob tsis tshwm sim. Nws yog raws li kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm pathologies uas steatorrhea dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceebraug suav hais tias:
- txiav luam yeeb thiab haus ntau dhau;
- kho qhov noj;
- nce zaub mov;
- cov zaub mov feem me me;
- siv multivitamin complexes;
- ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv theem nrab (tom qab pib ntawm tus kab mob) yog kev kho mob raws sijhawm ntawm cov kab mob pathological.
Zoo kawg
Kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kuaj pom tseeb yuav tso cai rau tus kws kho mob xaiv cov kev kho mob ntawm tus kheej thiab zam kev txhim kho cov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tsis pom zoo, vim tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob uas muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov rog nruab nrab hauv cov quav thiab tshem tawm nws. Qhov kev kwv yees tau zoo rau cov neeg mob uas ua raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, thiab tseem koom nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob.
