Cov khoom hnav khaub ncaws yog cov cuab yeej pab thawj zaug. Keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub heev. Kwv yees li ntawm 460-377. BC e. (thaum lub sijhawm Hippocrates), txhawm rau txhim kho kev hnav khaub ncaws, lawv siv cov nplaum nplaum, ntau yam resins thiab canvas. Thiab nyob rau hauv 130-200 xyoo. BC e. Roman kws kho mob Galen tsim ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb. Hauv nws, nws tau piav qhia txog ntau yam kev siv bandaging.
keeb kwm kev loj hlob
Kev siv cov khaub ncaws tau txais thawj qhov kev cuam tshuam dav dav ua tsaug rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm Roman Senate. Nws tau hais tias txhua tus tub rog yuav tsum tau muab ib lub strip ntawm linen, uas nws muaj peev xwm, yog tias tsim nyog, muab kev pab thawj zaug rau nws tus kheej lossis nws cov npoj yaig. Nws yog qhov zoo li tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm ntau yam khoom siv rau ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tau siv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm prehistoric. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ib tug yuav siv taunplooj thiab nyom, vim hais tias lawv muaj xws li zoo li yooj, softness, elasticity thiab smoothness ntawm lub hau. Qee cov nroj tsuag muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txawm tias cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, xws li tshuaj astringent thiab analgesic.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias qee cov nroj tsuag tau siv tshuaj ntsuab los hnav khaub ncaws rau niaj hnub no. Ntawm lawv: ci dos, plantain thiab ntau lwm tus. Cov khoom siv hnav khaub ncaws tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov peev txheej tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm 1476 txog 1492, cov ntaub nplaum nplaum tau txais kev tshaj tawm thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th thiab mus txog rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov nqus ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev tsim cov khoom hnav khaub ncaws tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw nrog cov capillarity siab. Piv txwv li, linen thiab hemp hemp, nrog rau lint (paj rwb rags torn ntawm ib tug xov). Los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. gauze, absorbent paj rwb thiab lignin hloov.
Kev faib tawm dav dav
Tsis ntev tas los no, hom hnav khaub ncaws tau txwv rau ob peb yam khoom nkaus xwb:
- Adhesive plasters hauv coils, nrog rau cov kab mob bactericidal hauv daim hlau.
- daim ntaub qhwv kho mob.
- tshuaj kho mob.
- Tshuaj kho mob gauze wipes.
Piv rau xyoo dhau los, kev xaiv niaj hnub ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa loj los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim tshuaj pharmacological hauv thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws.lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov khoom loj ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws tuaj rau hauv kev lag luam.
Kev cais raws lub hom phiaj
Conventionally, tag nrho cov hnav khaub ncaws yuav muab faib ua plaub pawg: tsis muaj menyuam thiab tsis muaj menyuam, yooj yim thiab complex. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo yog lub hom phiaj - lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv thov. Raws li txoj cai no, cov haujlwm hauv qab no ua los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Kaw qhov chaw raug mob. Rau qhov no, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov kab mob bactericidal, cov ntaub qhwv qhov txhab, thiab lwm yam.
- Rau kev limb compression lossis kev sib koom ua ke.
- rau kho lub hnav khaub ncaws.
- Compression txheej.
Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua yam kev hnav khaub ncaws kom kaw qhov txhab yog tsis muaj menyuam.
khoom nta
Kev tsim cov khaub ncaws tau nce mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev txhim kho ua tsaug rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv elastic heev, perforated nrog cov qauv tsis-woven, uas tau ua raws li kev siv cov khoom siv polymer thiab cov txheej txheem metallized. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub hauv tshuaj pub rau peb daws cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- Achieve high antimicrobial act.
- Long duration.
- High absorbency ua ke nrog zoo breathability, pom wetting tus nqi thiab capillarity.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Antimicrobial kujkev kho mob ntawm cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm hluav taws xob thiab chav sterilization.
Xaiv dab tsi: tsoos tsho lossis niaj hnub hnav thiab cov khoom?
Qhov tseeb, lo lus nug no tsuas yog hais lus xwb. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub hauv cov tshuaj tsim cov kev mob zoo rau kev kho mob sai. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, insures tiv thaiv qhov tsos ntawm caws pliav ntawm qhov chaw raug mob. Qhov laj thawj ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim feem ntau yog qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov txhab kaw nrog kev hnav tsoos tsoos.
Raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi, qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab qub yog qhov pom tau zoo. Nws yog qhov kev sib cav no uas qee zaum nce qib hauv kev pom zoo tom kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nws los txog rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, tus nqi tsis yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab rau kev xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev xyaum qhia, kev siv cov khoom siv kho mob niaj hnub no yog tus nqi zoo dua piv rau cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj. Vim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm qis dua, lawv yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntev heev. Cov lus no tuaj yeem xav txog ntau yam ntxiv siv piv txwv ntawm kev siv paj rwb-gauze hnav khaub ncaws:
- Cov qauv fuzzy ua rau cov khoom siv nkag mus rau hauv qhov txhab. Lawv ua rau cov nqaij mos khaus thiab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev kho sai.
- Gauze yog cov khoom zoo-mesh nrog lub peev xwm loj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv no ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov txhab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua rau txo qis hauv huab cua thiabvapor permeability nyob rau hauv daim ntaub qhwv. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv ob peb txheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm epithelialization thiab granulation ntawm lub qhov txhab raug ncua, thiab vim li ntawd, lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev kho yuav ntev dua.
- Adhesion, lossis ntau dua yooj yim, yog lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag. Qhov tseeb yog tias, impregnated nrog lub qhov txhab secretions, lawv harden thaum qhuav. Granulation ntawm qhov txhab tshwm sim los ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws, ua rau muaj kev raug mob tshiab rau saum npoo thiab mob thaum tshem tawm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tawv nqaij ib puag ncig kuj raug kev txom nyem. Kev puas tsuaj rau nws kuj ua rau mob thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem kho tag nrho.
- Txiav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg feem ntau muab rau hauv ob peb daim rau ib pob. Thaum nws qhib, tsuas yog thawj zaug uas tsis muaj microbes. Thaum lwm tus poob qhov zoo.
- Txhawm rau kom nqus tau thiab muab qhov loj me, cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau txiav thiab muab tais rau hauv ob peb txheej. Cov txheej txheem no ua txhaum cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ua rau qee qhov tsis yooj yim rau tus neeg mob.
- Txhawm rau kho cov paj rwb-gauze hnav khaub ncaws ntawm lub qhov txhab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov hlua khi. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev siv nyiaj tsis tsim nyog thiab xav tau kev tswj hwm ntxiv.
Yog li, kev siv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ua rau cov txheej txheem kho qhov txhab ntev. Ib qho kev xaiv zoo yog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no uas tsis muaj txhua qhov tsis zoo uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Kev hnav khaub ncaws Advanced yog atraumatic, heev absorbent coatings. Lawv fixation tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug hypoallergenic nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom niaj hnub
- Cov hnav khaub ncaws muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis-woven lossis pob tshab rov qab uas tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas qhov kev mob ntawm qhov txhab.
- Water resistant yog lwm ntxiv. Tus neeg mob muaj lub cib fim los kho dej yam tsis muaj dej nkag mus rau qhov txhab.
- Yuav tuav ruaj ntseg.
- niaj hnub hnav khaub ncaws tsis lo rau ntawm qhov txhab thiab tsis txhob raug mob.
- Kev tshem tawm tsis mob rau tus neeg mob.
- Txoj kev nplaum ntawm tus kheej ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws yog kho ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej ntxiv.
- Muaj ib lub sorbent atraumatic swab uas sau qhov txhab exudate.
- Kev hnav khaub ncaws zoo tiv thaiv qhov txhab los ntawm kev kis kab mob thib ob thiab kev ua kom khaus.
- Hypoallergenic muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- Huab cua thiab vapor permeability tiv thaiv maceration.
- khaub ncaws niaj hnub npaj siv thiab tsis tas yuav npaj.
- YAntibacterial.
- pob yooj yim qhib.
Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob
Gauze yog ib lub canvas uas tsis tshua muaj, kab sib chaws zoo li tus qauv. Muaj ob hom: hnyav thiab bleached hygroscopic. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, tau muab faib ua ob hom: ntshiab paj rwb thiab nrog ntxiv ntawm viscose staple ntaub (hauv.50% paj rwb rau 50% viscose lossis 70% paj rwb rau 30% viscose). Lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv yog raws li nram no: paj rwb gauze absorbs kua nyob rau hauv 10 vib nas this, thaum gauze nrog ib tug admixture ntawm viscose ua tib yam nyob rau hauv 60 vib nas this, uas yog, 6 zaus qeeb.
Qhov zoo ntawm viscose yog qhov muaj peev xwm ya raws siab, muaj peev xwm nqus tau qhov txhab exudate thiab ntau dua cov ntshav nqus. Txawm li cas los xij, piv rau paj rwb gauze, viscose analogue khaws cov tshuaj phem dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab rov ntxuav dua, lub peev xwm nqus tau qis dua. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm lub zog, cov khoom siv ntawm cov paj rwb yog 25% siab dua qhov taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub nrog ib qho admixture ntawm viscose. Tab sis lub capillarity ntawm ob hom yog kwv yees li qub, nws nyob ntawm 10-12 cm / h. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm neutrality, kho mob gauze yuav tsum tau tib yam li cov paj rwb ntaub plaub. Cov ntaub yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntau thiab tsawg ntawm canvas: dav - 69-73 cm, ntev ntawm 50 mus rau 150 m nyob rau hauv ib daim.
Rau cov khaub ncaws phais tsis zoo, txiav 3 daim yog tsim. hauv ib pob. Txhua tus yog 10 m ntev thiab 90 cm dav. Zoo li paj rwb ntaub plaub, gauze raug kuaj rau wettability (absorbency), nruab nrab thiab capillarity.
Kev nce qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas qhov tsim nyog
- txhawm rau ntsuas qhov ntub dej, siv txoj kev immersion. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib qho piv txwv ntawm hygroscopic gauze ntsuas 5 x 5 cm yog qis rau saum npoo dej. Raws li cov txheej txheem, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv dej rau 10 s yam tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub qhwv tawv tawv yuav tsum ua qhov no hauv 60 vib nas this.
- txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov hnav khaub ncaws rau capillarity, ib daim ntaub ntawm 5 cm dav yog txo qis ntawm ib kawg mus rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb Petri tais ntim nrog eosin tov. Cov qauv raug txiav txim siab tau dhau qhov kev sim yog tias cov tshuaj tau nce los ntawm cov kua theem tsawg kawg yog 10 cm hauv 60 feeb.
Cov ntaub tshwj xeeb
Muaj ob pawg ntawm cov ntaub qhwv ntsej uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog hemostatic thiab hemostatic.
- Hemostatic hnav khaub ncaws yog tau los ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam nrog nitric oxides. Cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog tso tseg cov ntshav, tab sis yog absorbed tag rau hauv lub qhov txhab nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis. Zoo li 13x13 cm napkins.
- cov ntaub so ntswg hemostatic. Nws muaj calcium ntsev ntawm acrylic acid. Nws kuj tso tseg cov ntshav (qhov nruab nrab, tsis pub ntau tshaj 5 feeb), tab sis tsis daws. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv daim ntawv tampons, pob thiab napkins. Siv hom no tsim kom txuag tau txog li 15%.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej gauze bandage
Ua ntej tshaj, ua ntej koj pib tsim khoom, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog nws qhov loj me yav tom ntej. Cov ntaub qhwv tus qauv, uas yog muag hauv cov khw muag tshuaj, muaj qhov ntev ntawm tsis pub tshaj 15 cm thiab qhov siab ntawm 5 cm. Yog tias cov khoom tsim rau menyuam yaus, ces nws qhov ntev yog nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Piv txwv li, rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoos, daim ntaub qhwv 10 x 4 cm yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis rau tus menyuam hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, koj tuaj yeem ua tau.siv tus laus version. Yuav kom xaws cov khoom ntawm koj lub ntsej muag koj tus kheej, koj yuav xav tau:
- Ib daim ntaub nqus dej ntsuas 17 x 7 cm - 4 daim
- Strip of nqaim bandage in the amount of 2 pcs. Qhov ntev yuav tsum yog li 60-70 cm, dav 5 cm.
Tom qab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej tau npaj, koj tuaj yeem pib ua cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag. Cov hauv qab no yog daim ntawv qhia txog kev nce qib.
- Yuav tsum muab ib daim ntaub qhwv thiab dov ua 3 txheej.
- Tom qab ntawd xaws cov npoo nrog lub tshuab xaws los yog tes nrog cov hlua zoo.
- Rov qab nrog daim ntaub qhwv thib ob.
- Tom qab no, lub workpiece yuav tsum muab tso rau ib ntus thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub qhwv. Plaub lub flaps yuav tsum tau koom ua ke thiab sheathed raws tag nrho ntev.
- Tom qab ntawd cov npoo ntawm cov duab plaub yuav tsum muab tso rau sab hauv los ntawm ib centimeter thiab stitched dua.
- Tam sim no koj tau npaj tag nrho peb ntu, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib daim ntaub qhwv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, raws li daim duab plaub, koj yuav tsum tau xaws ob qho tib si: ib qho rau saum thiab lwm qhov ntawm sab hauv qab. Qhov no yog ua li cas-nws-koj tus kheej gauze bandage yog ua.
Txoj kev kho cov khoom
- Elastic bandage siv rau fixation. Nws yog tsim los ntawm coarse paj rwb xov. Cov kev cai nruj nruj yuav raug txwv rau kev ncab ntawm cov ntaub qhwv - nws yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 50%. Ib daim ntaub qhwv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog tsim: ntev - 3 m, dav - 5 los yog 10 cm. Ib qho nrov plig plawg 5 cm dav withstands load yam tsawg kawg nkaus30 kqb. Lub pob muaj 18 daim ntawv sau ib tus zuj zus 10 cm dav lossis 36 daim ntawm 5 cm.
- Elastic bandage (tubular) ua haujlwm tib yam li nws cov hlua khi. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov extensibility ntawm yav dhau los yog siab dua mus txog 800%. Hom ntaub qhwv no yog nyob rau hauv qeb "tepermat", uas txhais tau tias "knitted elastic hnav khaub ncaws". Nws yog tsim los ntawm elastomeric xov, uas yog braided nrog paj rwb xov paj thiab hluavtaws fibers. Ua tsaug rau cov qauv mesh, fixation ntawm elastic bandage tsis cuam tshuam nrog huab cua ncig thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Muaj nyob rau hauv 7 lub tes tsho dav dav: 75, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20 thiab 10mm. Luj 1 sq. m yog 280 g. Kev siv cov khoom siv tubular txo qis kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab sijhawm siv. Lawv ntxuav yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 40 ° C yam tsis tas siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Nws yog tom qab yaug hauv dej sov. Txhawm rau nyem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau, cov phuam da dej yog siv. Tsis pub twisting bandages.
Lwm yam khoom
Gauze ncoo yog ib daim duab plaub ntawm cov ntaub nqus dej ntim rau hauv ob txheej. Cov npoo ntawm cov khoom yog qhwv rau sab hauv kom cov xov tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog lub qhov txhab. Muaj cov khoom zoo li no hauv peb qhov ntau thiab tsawg: me - 14 x 16 cm, nruab nrab - 33 x 45 cm, loj - 70 x 68 cm.
Cov khoom me me uas tsis muaj menyuam yaus tau ntim rau hauv 100 thiab 200 pcs. hauv ib pob. Sterile gauze so yog muab tais rau hauv 40 daim. Cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj menyuam tsis taus yog ntim rau hauv 100 pcs. hauv ib pob. Sterile - stacked nyob rau hauv 10 pcs. Cov ntaub so ntswg loj uas tsis muaj menyuam yaus muaj nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 50 pcs. hauv ib pob. Sterile khoom ntawm pab pawg no - 5 pcs. Txhua tus napkin tau ntim rau hauv daim ntawv parchment. Lub wrapper yuav tsum qhia qhov loj me, qhov ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom lub npe thiab hnub tsim khoom.
Kev ua haujlwm
Kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam hnav khaub ncaws yog ua los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, hauv chav kuaj kab mob bacteriological, lawv tau sim tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev npaj ntawm hnav khaub ncaws rau kev siv ntxiv yog nqa tawm li ntawm 45 feeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb chav boiler. Internal kub yog 120 ° C. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom hnav khaub ncaws yog muab tso rau hauv lub bix. Lawv tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov thawv hlau no. Yog tias lub lim tau nruab rau hauv lub bix, lub purity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog khaws cia rau lub sij hawm ntev. Hauv qhov no - tsawg kawg yog 8-10 hnub.
Cov ntsiab lus xav tau
Khaws cov khaub ncaws tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv cov thawv ntoo uas nyob rau hauv qhuav, ib txwm muaj cua tshuab, tiv thaiv cov nas thiab plua plav. Cov khoom tsis muaj menyuam yaus raug tso cai khaws cia hauv chav tsis muaj cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum ruaj khov, tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, dampness thiab tsim ntawm fungi thiab pwm yuav tsum tau zam nyob rau hauv nws. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws tsis muaj menyuam hauv lub tsev rau khoom, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kawg. Txij li tom qab 5 xyoos, yog tias qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub ntim tsis yogtawg, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau xaiv xaiv rau cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog tias lub ntim tau qhib lossis ntub dej, cov khoom sab hauv yuav tsis huv lawm.
