Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm otitis media tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Otitis yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev hnov lus. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim vim tsis kho tus mob khaub thuas lossis qee yam kab mob ua pa. Yog tias kev kho mob pib raws sijhawm, ces qhov mob yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis media uas tshwm sim vim tsis quav ntsej txog kev kho mob yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus tag.
Kev phom sij ntawm otitis rau menyuam yaus
Otitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus. Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem kis tus kabmob no ob peb zaug hauv ib xyoos vim qhov peculiarities ntawm cov qauv anatomical ntawm cov kabmob auditory. Pob ntseg mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej tus kab mob no, vim nws yuav tsis ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej. Tus kws kho mob txoj kev pab thiab kev kho mob nyuaj yuav tsum tau ua. Tus cwj pwm tsis saib xyuas rau kev noj qab haus huv ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tus neeg mob lub neej. Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshaimob? Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd.
Hauv cov menyuam yaus, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog pob ntseg, tab sis kuj rau nasopharynx. Cov tsos mob ntawm o yog qhov mob hnyav hauv pob ntseg, o ntawm auricle thiab nce lub cev kub. Yog tias tus me nyuam tsis kho kom raug, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim:
- Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev lub cev.
- Txo nrog rau qhov tsis hnov lus tag.
- Kab mob kis mus rau cov kab mob nyob sib ze.
- Tshuaj mob meningitis thiab mastoiditis.
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm pathology mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntev.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology hauv cov neeg laus
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus cov neeg mob feem ntau zoo tib yam rau cov me nyuam. Feem ntau tsis hnov lus ib nrab lossis ua tiav tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem loj xws li:
- Kev txhim kho ntawm malignant otitis externa.
- Pom pom ntawm cholesteatoma, mastoiditis, petrositis lossis meningitis.
- Zoo pom lub hlwb abscess.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm neuritis ntawm lub ntsej muag paj hlwb.
- Pom ntawm encephalitis lossis otogenic sepsis.
Tsis yog txhua tus paub txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis hauv cov neeg laus.
Otitis kho tau sai thiab yooj yim, tab sis tsuas yog yog tias txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo ua raws. Tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum tsis saib xyuas kev kho. Tom ntej no, cia peb tham txog daim ntawv purulent ntawm otitis media thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob.
YPurulent otitis media
Qhov muaj mob otitis tuaj yeem ua rau purulent, uas, dhau los, yuav ua rau tsis hnov lus tag. Qhov tshwm sim zoo sib xws ntawm purulent otitis media hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tsuas yog kho nrog kev phais thiab los ntawm kev siv lub pob ntseg.
Purulent otitis media yog kab mob raws li qhov mob ntawm pob ntseg hauv nruab nrab mucosa. Purulent otitis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal. Raws li txoj cai, cov txheej txheem kis tau mus rau nruab nrab pob ntseg los ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav thiab nasopharynx raws li ib qho teeb meem ntawm mob khaub thuas, tonsillitis, sinusitis, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm purulent otitis tuaj yeem txaus ntshai heev.
Purulent otitis media yog kho rau tus neeg mob sab nraud, thaum muaj qhov kub thiab txias ua ke nrog kub taub hau, cov neeg mob tau qhia kom saib xyuas lub txaj nruj. Yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob yog tias xav tias mob mastoid.
Txoj kev mloog zoo rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus
Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm qhov mob los yog congestion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pob ntseg, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm yuav pab kom tshem tau cov kab mob yooj yim thiab zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis media. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem kho tau hauv ib lub lis piam. Tab sis kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo rau cov kab mob ntawm lub pob ntseg tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob ntseg puas, tsis muaj peev xwm hnov, thiab lwm yam teeb meem loj, mus txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob ntawm lub hlwb. Yog tias tsis muaj sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob, tsuas yog cov tshuaj uas tau tso cai siv yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov txheej txheem pej xeem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev siv chamomile, camphor roj lossis compresses qhuav tuaj yeem ua mob thiab ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj.mob otitis media mus txog qhov ua tiav tsis muaj peev xwm hnov. Nws raug pom zoo kom siv lawv tsuas yog nrog kev tso cai los ntawm kws kho mob. Piv txwv li, qhov sov so rau purulent otitis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob nrog rau kev sib kis ntawm cov kua paug mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Feem ntau cuam tshuam pob ntseg tsis tuaj yeem hnov qab thaum muaj mob. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum ntshai. Thaum tus neeg mob tau kho, qhov hnov lus yuav tsum tau rov qab los. Ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kho yog kom tsis txhob mob thiab mob nyem.
txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov mob, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv nrog rau kev kho cov tshuaj vitamin thiab kho lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev qaug dab peg feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Koj yuav tsum haus dej kom ntau, uas yuav tsum muaj vitamin C. Yog tias kev kho tshuaj tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev hnov lus tsis zoo, ces cov kws kho mob ua rau pob pob ntseg. Yog tias qhov puncture ua tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim, ces ntxuav thiab siv UHF kho.
Vim li cas hnov tsis hnov lus tshwm sim hauv otitis media?
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- Vim tias cov ntaub so ntswg swell ntau.
- Eustachian tube blockage.
- Cov kua dej tawm sab nraud ntawm lub pob ntseg.
- Kev ua txhaum hauv kev xa cov hlab ntsha impulses.
- Kev tuag ntawm kev mloog cov plaub hau.
Kev hnov lus feem ntau yog rov qab zoo tag nrho yog tias kho tiav. Tab sis yog hais tias tsis hnov lus tshwm sim nyob rau hauvNtxiv mus, tej zaum yog vim li cas rau qhov no txawv.
Yuav ua li cas lwm qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis hauv menyuam yaus ua tau?
Labyrinthitis yog ib qho tshwm sim ntau zaus
Labyrinthitis yog ib yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ntawm pob ntseg sab hauv (piv txwv li lub labyrinth). Lub cev no yog lub luag haujlwm tsis yog rau lub peev xwm hnov, tab sis kuj rau lub xub ntiag ntawm kev sib npaug, yog li nws qhov kev swb tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm labyrinthitis tau muab faib ua mob, purulent thiab ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, labyrinthitis tuaj yeem yog kab mob lossis kab mob, cia peb hu nws cov tsos mob:
- Tshem tawm tinnitus thiab kiv taub hau.
- Kev tsis sib npaug nrog rau tsis hnov lus.
- Tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab ntuav.
- Ntshai tsam ntawm qhov muag.
- Kev ua npaws.
Ua ntej pib kho, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj qhov ua rau mob. Txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj kev kho mob yuav coj cov nyhuv xav tau. Rau kev kuaj mob, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob otolaryngologist, uas yuav ua qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm pob ntseg thiab pob ntseg. Nws raug nquahu kom kuaj ntshav. Lub vestibular apparatus tseem raug kuaj siv Romberg xeem. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau txawm tias nyob hauv tsev: ob txhais taw muab tso ua ke, txhais caj npab ncav mus rau pem hauv ntej, ntiv tes qhib, thiab qhov muag kaw. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib tug neeg tuav ib tug ruaj khov posture rau ntau tshaj kaum tsib vib nas this tsis muaj tshee, ces txhua yam yog zoo nrog lub vestibular apparatus.
Yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis txaus ntseeg, qhov tshee tshee feem ntau pib tsawg dua kaum tsib vib nas this,thaum lub cev deviates tseem ceeb rau sab. Yog tias tus kws kho mob pom tias mob labyrinthitis, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd, muab nws pw tsaug zog. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob, nws raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, trepanation lossis phais. Nrog rau kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm, labyrinthitis feem ntau yog kho tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab heev, nws ua rau tsis hnov lus tsis zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub vestibular apparatus. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj, tsis quav ntsej nws cov tsos mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj.
Ib qho ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub pob ntseg nrog otitis media tuaj yeem yog cholesteatoma.
Cholesteatoma ntawm pob ntseg
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv pob ntseg tuaj yeem qee zaum qhia pom cov kab mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov no peb tab tom tham txog cholesteatoma. Tus kab mob no tsis raug cais raws li oncology, tab sis nws yog fraught nrog cov teeb meem loj, suav nrog kev tuag. Cholesteatoma zoo li cov nodules me me uas zoo li sib sau ua ke. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov qog muaj detritus, uas yog cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg decomposition. Lwm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tuag epithelial hlwb thiab cov cholesterol crystals. Qhov loj ntawm cov qog mus txog ntau tshaj peb millimeters. Yeej, cholesteatoma nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg.
Qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm otitis media tshwm sim hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv qis thiab hauv cov neeg mob uas nquag ua rau mob khaub thuas thiab mob otolaryngological mob ntev. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
- Pom qhov mob hauv pob ntseg, lub tuam tsev, hauv pliaj lossis nraub qaum.
- Qhov muaj paug me me ntawm pob ntseg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm purulent los yog dawb pob.
- hnov tsis hnov, xeev siab thiab ntuav.
txhawm rau kuaj tus kab mob no siv:
- Kev kuaj pom qhov pom ntawm lub cev hnov lus.
- Txhim kho cov magnetic resonance imaging thiab radiography.
- Kev ua haujlwm vestibulometry thiab lumbar puncture.
Tshuaj kho mob ua tau rau cov qog me me uas nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm pob ntseg. Feem ntau tsis tu ncua yaug nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb yog siv. Kev cuam tshuam kev phais yog ua tiav yog tias tus kab mob cholesteatoma nce mus txog qhov loj thiab muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyuaj. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub pob ntseg, tsis txhob hypothermia. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej twg koj yuav tsum tau kho tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas cov qog yog rhuab, qhov no yuav ua rau kom tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm otitis media yog meningitis nrog rau abscess, thrombosis thiab sepsis. Cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem zam tau yog tias otitis media nrog lwm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob otolaryngological tau ua tib zoo thiab kho raws sijhawm.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob ntseg pob ntseg hauv otitis yog dab tsi, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub ua ntej.
YMastoiditis
Ib qho teeb meem loj ntawm otitis media yog mastoiditis. Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob phem thiab tej zaum yuav nrog suppuration. Qhov no yog ib qho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem mastoid, uasnyob tom qab pob ntseg. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm mastoiditis ntawm thawj theem yog qhov tshwm sim hauv qab no: qhov tsos mob thiab tawm, kub thiab liab ua ke nrog o tom qab pob ntseg. Cov theem tom ntej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav dua thiab nyuaj:
- Tshuaj mob ntawm qhov chaw mob.
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub plab fistula.
- Zoo kiv taub hau thiab tsis hnov lus.
- Kev muaj cov tawv muag tawv muag twitching thiab lub ntsej muag asymmetry.
- Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ob lub qhov muag thiab qhov ncauj.
Kev hem thawj loj yog kev nkag mus rau cov kua paug rau hauv lub hlwb. Qhov no yog fraught nrog ib qho abscess, thiab, ntxiv rau, o ntawm lub hlwb. Tus neeg mob mastoiditis tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd yam tsis muaj kev poob. Nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov tawm ntawm cov kua paug los ntawm sab nraud auditory canals. Thaum ntxov, qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis media yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog tias cov tshuaj tsis pab thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory txuas ntxiv mus, ces kev ua haujlwm yog tsim nyog. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, kws kho mob tswj kom txuag tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag paj hlwb. Tab sis nws tseem nyob deb ntawm ib txwm ua tau kom rov qab hnov lus ploj tag.
Lwm yam teeb meem
Ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim saum toj no ntawm cov kab mob purulent otitis media hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, cov kab mob hauv qab no tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob:
- Kev txhim kho ntawm meningitis. Qhov no yog kab tias qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim vim qhov nkag ntawm cov kab mob sib kis mus rau hauv lub paj hlwb. Yog tias tsis muab kev pab raws sijhawm, muaj feem ntauua kom tuag taus. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li mob taub hau nrog rau kub taub hau, kiv taub hau, ntuav, mob nqaij, nrog rau qhov rhiab heev rau lub teeb thiab pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub hlwb abscess. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov chaw ntawm o yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cranium. Cov tsos mob muaj raws li nram no: qhov tsos ntawm kub taub hau, mob taub hau hnyav, cerebral edema thiab qaug dab peg.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm neuritis ntawm lub ntsej muag paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, o ntawm cov hlab ntsha lub luag hauj lwm rau lub ntsej muag nqaij ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag raug sau tseg. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm o yog tuag tes tuag taw nrog lub ntsej muag asymmetry. Cov tsos mob ntawm neuritis yog qhov mob tom qab pob ntseg, me ntsis asymmetry, poob ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm daim di ncauj, tsis muaj peev xwm luag, tus neeg mob kuj tsis tuaj yeem kaw nws lub qhov muag.
- Qhov tsos ntawm otogenic sepsis. Qhov no yog lub xub ntiag ntawm periodic nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm teeb meem kab mob uas tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm o. Cov tsos mob: lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, profuse tawm hws, txias, noo rales nyob rau hauv lub ntsws, txheej dawb ntawm tus nplaig, palpitations, xeev siab thiab ntuav. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais tam sim. Hom kab mob sepsis no feem ntau raug kuaj pom tias yog mob ntsws los yog pyelonephritis.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qee qhov kev tshwm sim loj ntawm otitis media nyob rau hauv cov mob ntev thiab mob hnyav tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim tsis saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv. Tus kab mob no kho tau sai thiab yooj yim, tab sis cov teeb meem nws ua rau feem ntau yuav tsum tau phais.
Kev kho mob otitis hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov txheej txheem kev kho mob tsis pab, cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm rau kev phais. Muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm xob laim-ceev tshwm sim ntawm purulent otitis, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kev mob ntawm cov neeg mob yog heev cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tej zaum yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub membrane ntawm lub paj hlwb. Lub paj hlwb abscess lossis generalization ntawm kev kis kab mob tsis suav nrog. Yog tias cov kab noj hniav tsis qhib raws sijhawm thiab cov ntsiab lus purulent tsis raug tshem tawm, ces qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo.
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev kho mob, paracentesis tau ua, uas yog ib hom kev phais mob uas lub pob ntseg qhib thiab cov purulent loj yog nqus tawm ntawm cov kab noj hniav. Tom qab ntawd, txhaj tshuaj siv ib lub catheter.
Anthrotomy kuj yog ib txoj kev phais ntawm kev kho mob, uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhib qhov nkag ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov txheej txheem mastoid. Tom qab ntawd, cov kua dej yog nqa tawm siv cov tshuaj antiseptic. Anthrotomy yog muab rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus mob mastoiditis nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, los yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm anthritis nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob hluas.
Txoj kev ntawm kev phais mob, nrog rau qhov ntim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, raug txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus qhia. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm, raws li txoj cai, lub raj xa dej tshwj xeeb tau tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntxuav, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ntxuav tom qab nrog tshuaj tua kab mob lossis lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev lim dej yog nqa tawm kom txog thaum cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication ploj mus thiab tsis tsim.purulent pawg. Kev xaiv txoj kev kho mob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw kho mob, tus kws kho mob, tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev, thiab, ntxiv rau, ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom ntej
Txhawm rau zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm otitis thiab nws cov teeb meem, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo kho txhua yam khaub thuas nrog rau lwm yam kab mob ua pa kom txog thaum rov zoo. Hauv particular, nws pab txhawb rau cov tsos ntawm otitis media. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhais tau tias rau kev tiv thaiv, ntawm chav kawm, yog hardening. da dej txhua hnub nrog lub duav-siab dej txias da dej yog zoo pib nrog.
Yuav kom cov me nyuam lub cev tawv, koj yuav tsum kom cov me nyuam tsis hnav khaub ncaws ntawm txoj kev rau ob peb feeb. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, ib chav tsis tu ncua yuav ua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tus me nyuam muaj ib tug mob hnyav, ces nws yuav tsum tsis tu ncua los ntawm kws kho mob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov ntswg ua pa. Nws ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam pathologies, suav nrog otitis media. Kev ntsuas los pab tiv thaiv otitis media nrog nws cov teeb meem yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
- Neeg taug kev hauv huab cua ntshiab.
- huab cua hauv tsev.
- kev ua si lub cev.
Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog mob otitis media nrog rau lwm yam kab mob ua pa, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Thaum da dej, txhob haus dej hauv pob ntseg.
- Nco ntsoov kho cov tonsils.
- Tsis yogua haujlwm hnyav.
- Tsis txhob tawm mus sab nraud, yog tias ua tau, thaum huab cua txias thiab cua daj cua dub.
- Hnub lub kaus mom tsim nyog thiab npog koj lub pob ntseg thaum lub caij txias.
Cov kev cai tseem ceeb no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tom qab otitis media, txawm tias cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo.
