Tetracycline yog tshuaj tua kab mob uas tau siv txij li nruab nrab-1950s. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam kab mob uas tiv taus cov tshuaj tiam 1, lawv tau yoog, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lawv li yav dhau los. Tab sis txawm tias niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, cov kws kho mob feem ntau pom zoo tetracycline: analogues ntawm cov tiam tshiab tau zoo tiv thaiv tus kab mob.
tetracyclines yog dab tsi (hom kev ua)
Cov pab pawg ntawm tetracyclines thiab lawv cov derivatives (nrog rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws) muaj me ntsis ntau dua 260 tshuaj thiab yuav luag 40 lub npe. Lawv koom ua ke los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj: condensed 4-kab system. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv ua rau muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tetracyclines yog ua raws li cov khoom siv bacteriostatic (lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob) los ntawm inhibiting (suppression) protein synthesis ntawm microbial hlwb.
Siabkev tsim tshuaj ntawm koob no kuj yog vim lawv lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam ntau yam kab mob. Ntawm qhov tseeb:
- gram-positive thiab gram-negative kab mob,
- rickettsia,
- trachoma kab mob,
- ornithosis viruses,
- spirochetes,
- leptospira.
Ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom mus ntev, ntau cov kab mob tau tsim kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline. Analogue, raws li txoj cai, zoo dua. Kev npaj los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm tetracyclines txawv nyob rau hauv lub active tshuaj, nws muaj nuj nqis, lub zog thiab ceev ntawm kev txiav txim, txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov, nqus thiab excretion tus nqi ntawm lub cev.
keeb kwm kev loj hlob
keeb kwm ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob pib thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, 1942, thaum thawj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab tshuaj hauv Oxford University kom cov neeg mob tuag los ntawm ntshav lom. Ob peb hnub lawv tau zoo lawm, ces lawv tseem tuag. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis pom nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau.
thawj zaug ntawm pawg loj ntawm tetracyclines raug cais tawm (los ntawm cov kab mob radiant) chlortetracycline. Niaj hnub no cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob paub nws nyob rau hauv lub npe biomycin los yog aureomycin. Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim xyoo 1945 hauv Oxford. Thiab twb nyob rau xyoo 1948, nws qhov kev kuaj mob thiab kev kuaj sim tau pib. Tsuas yog ib xyoos tom qab, lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm pawg no tshwm sim - terramycin (oxytetracycline). Thiab nws siv rau cov hom phiaj tshuaj pib xyoo tom ntej, 1950.
Lub semi-synthetic tetracycline paub rau peb txhua tus tau raug tsim tawm hauv xyoo 1952. Thiab tsuas yog ib xyoos tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem ua taucais tawm ntawm kab lis kev cai kua ntawm fungi.
Cov kab mob microorganisms muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab heev, lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho sai sai rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas ua rau txo qis cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj. Txoj hmoo no tsis muaj tetracycline.
Hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb raug yuam kom tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab ntau dua, thiab tsev neeg cov tshuaj tau nrawm nrawm nrog cov tshuaj tshiab nrog cov khoom xyaw tshiab.
Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua haujlwm thiab thaum siv nws
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias tsuas yog cov kab mob tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob zoo. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv cais tawm ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm cov kab mob fungi, pwm lossis microbes uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kab mob.
Hnub no muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov khoom muaj sia lossis semi-synthetically.
Hais lus nruj me ntsis, tam sim no semi-synthetic tetracycline yog ib qho analogue ntawm cov tshuaj cais tawm ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsim los siv cov cuab yeej tshiab no muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau cov neeg mob.
Txoj kev ntawm tsev neeg cov tshuaj tetracycline yog dav heev. Yog li, lawv siv:
- nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory ntawm sab sauv thiab sab ua pa ib ntsuj av (bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, pleural epiema) tshwm sim los ntawm rhiab microbes;
- hauv kev kho tus kab mob ENT;
- rau kev kho mob qhov muag;
- hauv kev kho mob kis kab mob ntawm genitourinarythaj chaw (cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea, syphilis);
- rau kev kho mob mob thiab mob ntev ntawm daim siab thiab kab mob biliary (cholecystitis, dysentery);
- rau kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij (abscesses, boils, felons);
- hauv kev kho mob febrile (Q fever, Yellow Mountain spotted fever).
Type of drug
Kev lag luam kws tshuaj tau ua tiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob raws li cov khoom siv raw thiab cov tshuaj semi-synthetic. Niaj hnub no, tsis yog siv tetracycline nkaus xwb - tiam tshiab analogues tau coj lawv qhov chaw ntawm ib tsev neeg loj ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Yog li, ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws tuaj yeem hu ua doxycycline thiab metacycline (derivatives ntawm oxytetracycline). Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm tetracyclines yog morphocycline thiab glycocycline. Thiab cov tshuaj ua ke tshiab tshaj plaws "Oleandomycin" yog raws li oletethrin thiab olemorphocycline.
Minocycline tau txais kev nrov nrov.
Ib qho ntawm cov tsim tawm niaj hnub no yuav yog "Doxycycline" thiab nws cov derivatives, tab sis nrog rau cov tshuaj tshiab, "Tetracycline" kuj raug tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyob qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob no.
daim ntawv kho mob kuj hloov. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, tsuas muaj cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab hmoov rau txhaj.
thawj hom tetracycline yog hmoov. Lawv tau diluted nyob rau hauv saline thiab txhaj intramuscularly. Thaum xub thawj, cov koob tshuaj tau loj vim yog cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm cov tshuaj nquag, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj yog heevmob. Yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj, ntsiav tshuaj pib siv.
Pills thiab capsules
Hnub no, tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline yog ntau yam kev xaiv ntawm lyophilates, ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj pleev, qhov muag tee, syrups. Tam sim no muaj cov tshuaj ntsiav uas muaj tetracycline. Ib qho analogue ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj rau qee qhov daws teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm lub plab thiab plab hnyuv. Niaj hnub no, feem ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm pawg tetracycline rau kev siv qhov ncauj yog tsim nyob rau hauv capsules los yog coated ntsiav tshuaj. Cov no yog cov tshuaj raws li nram no derivatives:
- doxycycline (Bassado, Vidoccin, Dovicin, Doxycycline),
- oleandomycin ("Oletetrin"),
- oxytetracycline thiab erythromycin (Erycycline),
- minocycline (Minocycline)
Thiab kuj ua raws li tetracycline nws tus kheej: "Tetracycline AKOS", "Tetracycline LekT", tetracycline hydrochloride.
Kev siv cov ntawv no yog qhia rau txhua hom kab mob sab hauv: tso zis, bronchopulmonary, plab hnyuv. Lawv siv los ua ib qho ntxiv rau kev kho mob ntawm ENT kab mob thiab teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Muab cov tshuaj ntawm pawg tetracycline rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 8-12 xyoos (nyob ntawm cov tshuaj). Yog li, tetracycline thiab metacycline raug tshuaj txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, doxycycline - los ntawm 9, oxytetarcycline - los ntawm 10.
Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntawm koj tus kheej es tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj, uas yog raws li tetracycline, analogue. Thiab cov lus qhia, ua tib zoo kawm ua ntej noj cov tshuaj, thiab sau txog cov tshuajKev tshuaj xyuas zoo tsis yog qhov lees paub tias cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau koj. Yog lawm, cov tsos mob tau piav qhia hauv cov lus piav qhia thiab koj cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim; Yog lawm, cov neeg nyob ze uas tau qhia koj cov tshuaj no zoo dua tom qab thawj ntsiav tshuaj; yog, cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm ob cov tshuaj yuav luag zoo ib yam … Tab sis muaj ib yam, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tsis tau nkees ntawm kev rov ua qhov no. Thaum muab tshuaj, tus kws kho mob siv ntau yam. Raws li txoj cai, cov tshuaj pom zoo los ntawm nws yog qhov zoo rau qhov tshwj xeeb no. Yog li tsis txhob qia dub.
Lyophilisate yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog cov hmoov uas npaj rau hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb (los ntawm kev khov thiab nqus kom qhuav), uas yog tom qab ntawd diluted siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem yog intramuscular thiab intravenous. Cov lyophilisate muaj ntau yam zoo, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev dua li cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim los ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev, muaj ntau dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig, yog nqus tau zoo dua thiab sai dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum npaj cov tshuaj thiab muab tshuaj, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia nruj me ntsis, txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj yuav poob nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo lossis ua rau tus neeg mob raug mob.
Tetracycline nws tus kheej tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj ntsiav thiab tshuaj hmoov. Tsis muaj lyophilisate raws li nws, tab sis ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws cov tiam tshiab analogues (Vidoccine, Tagicil) tsuas yog tsim raws li ib tug lyophilisate rau txhaj.
Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem hloov tetracycline? nws analogue,teem caij ntau zaus - "Doxycycline". Cov tshuaj mus muag ob qho tib si hauv tshuaj ntsiav thiab ua lyophilisate.
Tetracycline nrog nystatin
Nov yog cov tshuaj tiam tshiab uas tsis yog tsuas yog tshuaj tua kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj muaj tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws muaj tetracycline thiab nystatin hauv qhov sib npaug, nws muaj ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm, yog siv rau cov kab mob ENT, mob ntsws, cholecystitis, kab mob sib deev, kab mob hauv plab, pob txuv, kab mob ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov nqaij mos. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj coated.
Ntau lub vev xaib tsis raug npe cov tshuaj "Nystatin", "Oletetrin", "Tetracycline" hloov pauv rau "Tetracycline nrog nystatin" ntsiav tshuaj. Analogues uas ua tau zoo sib xws hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj no tsis tau tsim tawm. Cov tshuaj hais saum toj no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.
Syrups thiab suspensions
Kev ncua thiab cov kua dej raws li lawv tau siv dav hauv kev kho menyuam yaus. Txhua tus niam txiv paub tias cov me nyuam tsis kam haus cov tshuaj iab, thiab tetracycline (cov tshuaj) tsis muaj qhov zam. Analogues-ncua kev tso cai rau koj los npog cov tshuaj tsw qab, ua kom nws yooj yim dua rau noj. Pharmacology tsim cov hmoov tshwj xeeb, uas yog tom qab ntawd diluted mus rau lub xeev ntawm kev ncua, thiab ces syrup.
Tetracycline nws tus kheej thiab tetracycline hydrochloride yog tsim los ua hmoov rau kev ncua. NtawmCov tshuaj tiam tshiab tuaj yeem hu ua doxycycline hydrochloride, doxycycline monohydride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride.
Kev siv ncua sij hawm feem ntau yog siv rau cov mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob bronchopulmonary pathologies hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce
Tetracycline-based tshuaj pleev yog npaj rau kev siv sab nraud thiab kho qhov muag kab mob. Tsis ntev tas los no, tetracycline ointment yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov, nws tau muab tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus (txij li 8 xyoo). Tab sis lub sij hawm tsis nyob twj ywm, cov khw muag tshuaj tau ntxiv nrog cov tshuaj niaj hnub uas hloov cov tshuaj los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm peb niam thiab pog. Dab tsi tuaj yeem hloov tau cov tshuaj pleev no? Peb tau hu ua tetracycline analogues saum toj no. Ntawm cov kev npaj raws li nws, tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib tug muaj peev xwm npe Kolbitsion, uas, ntxiv rau tetracycline, muaj xws li chloramphenicol thiab colistimethate. Tobradex tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm no yog tobramycin, thiab nws tsis yog ib qho analogue ntawm tetracycline, txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov zoo sib xws.
Tshuaj pleev rau sab nraud siv (tetracycline) kuj tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm Tetracycline AKOS. Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv uas pom zoo, tab sis lawv cov khoom xyaw nquag tsis koom nrog pawg tshuaj uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab, lawv tsuas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
Nyob
Tshiab tiam tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj raws li doxycycline yog muaj raws li qhov muag tee. Qhov no, piv txwv li, "Innolir", nws siv tau rau ntau qhov muag kab mob.
Hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li tetracycline, ib qho analogue ntawm "Oxytetracycline" (kev daws) tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqitsuas yog conditionally. Thiab koj tuaj yeem faus lawv ob lub qhov muag tsuas yog hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob.
Tetracycline qhov muag tshuaj pleev (1% thiab 3%) kuj yog siv los ua qhov muag npaj, tab sis tsis muaj kev npaj raws li lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm pab pawg no.
Cov lus qhia dab tsi hais txog contraindications
Ntau zaus, thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem siv tshuaj raws li cov khoom siv xws li tetracycline, analogue thiab hloov pauv los ntawm pab pawg no haum zoo kawg nkaus. Tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj rau tiam tshiab (doxycycline, oxytetracycline, metacycline), uas tuaj yeem siv rau qhov xwm txheej no, thiab nws yuav siv tau.
Ntawm cov contraindications dav dav yog:
- ua xua rau tetracycline;
- xeeb tub;
- lub sijhawm pub mis niam;
- Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 8;
- mob siab rau siab.
Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm kev siv tetracycline thiab nws cov analogues?
Ib yam ntawm txhua yam tshuaj tua kab mob yog tias lawv ua rau muaj kev phiv ntau. Tetracycline tsis muaj kev zam. Analogues (ib yam ntawm cov tiam tshiab) kuj muaj feem ntau ntawm lawv. Yog li, feem ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim nrog kev siv luv luv yuav yog:
- poob qab los, ntuav lossis xeev siab;
- kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau;
- mob plab, flatulence;
- mob plab hnyuv, gastritis thiab proctitis.
Nrog rau kev siv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov tsos mob tsis zoo, cov neeg mob feem ntau hais txog:
- cim deterioration ntawm cov hniav enamel;
- stomatitis;
- mob hnyav zuj zusurinary ib ntsuj av;
- nce rhiab heev rau tshav ntuj;
- kev txhim kho kab mob fungal.
Tetracycline puas tuaj yeem hloov tau zoo?
Ntau zaus lo lus nug no txhawj xeeb cov neeg uas mob siab rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab nyeem cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tshuaj tsis muaj mob, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yog tetracycline. Ib qho analogue (ib qho ntawm pawg), zoo li tus thawj, kuj yuav muaj ntau yam contraindications. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias tus kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj, thiab ua ntej nws yuav tsum ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Cov kws kho mob sau tshuaj (qhov no kuj siv tau rau pawg tetracycline) tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhov txiaj ntsig tshaj qhov ua rau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj no lossis nws cov analogues ntawm koj tus kheej. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv siv ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
