Hormone replacement therapy for women: pros and cons, drug, reviews

Cov txheej txheem:

Hormone replacement therapy for women: pros and cons, drug, reviews
Hormone replacement therapy for women: pros and cons, drug, reviews

Video: Hormone replacement therapy for women: pros and cons, drug, reviews

Video: Hormone replacement therapy for women: pros and cons, drug, reviews
Video: Cov lus uas muaj lub hwj chim thov Vajtswv pab rau kev dim, muaj mob, thiab txais koob Hmoov 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov kws kho mob tau niaj hnub sau tshuaj hormone hloov kho thiab tshuaj los kho cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha thiab mob qog noj ntshav.

Tab sis cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, uas tau nug cov lus nug loj txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho mob, tau yuam cov poj niam feem ntau tsis siv tshuaj hormones.

Yuav ua li cas? Kuv puas yuav raug kho li no los tsis yog?

Nyeem kom paub cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas feem ntau hais txog qhov kev nyiam no tab sis muaj teeb meem kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab saib seb nws puas tsim nyog rau koj.

tshuaj rau menopause
tshuaj rau menopause

Kev kho mob no yog siv los kho lub cev lub cev cov tshuaj hormones, xws li tshuaj estrogen rau cov poj niam uas tau muaj hysterectomy, lossis raws li estrogen nrog progesterone rau feem ntau cov poj niam uas tsis muaj hnub nyoog.

Vim li cas cov tshuaj hormones hloov thiab nws yog leej twgxav tau?

Ntau tus poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog yug me nyuam muaj teeb meem hormonal uas ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus thiab yug tsis tau menyuam. Tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau npaj lub tsev menyuam hauv ob sab phlu rau kev cog qe, cov poj niam noj tshuaj estrogen ua ke nrog progesterone, uas, ntxiv rau qhov no, ua ntau yam haujlwm.

Lawv pab lub cev khaws cov calcium (tseem ceeb rau cov pob txha muaj zog), pab tswj cov roj cholesterol kom noj qab haus huv, thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov chaw mos.

Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm poj niam cev xeeb tub, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen thiab progesterone tsim los ntawm zes qe menyuam plummets, uas nyob rau hauv lem tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob xws li kub kub, hws hmo ntuj, qhov chaw mos dryness, mob sib deev, mus ob peb vas, thiab teeb meem. nrog pw tsaug zog.

Menopause tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm osteoporosis. Los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev muaj cov tshuaj estrogen ntxiv, cov tshuaj hormone hloov kho rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem pab txo cov tsos mob menopausal thiab tiv thaiv osteoporosis.

Estrogen ib leeg feem ntau muab rau cov poj niam uas tau muaj hysterectomy lossis adnexectomy. Tab sis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen thiab progesterone yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas muaj lub tsev me nyuam, tab sis leej twg xav tau kev kho tshuaj hormone hloov thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Rau cov poj niam no, kev siv tshuaj estrogen nkaus xwb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav endometrial (lub tsev menyuam hauv ob sab phlu).

Qhov no yog vim tias thaum lub sijhawm yug me nyuam, cov hlwb endometrial raug tso tawm thaum cev xeeb tub, thiab yog tias kev coj khaub ncaws nres thiab lub endometrium tsis tau tso lawm, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen tuaj yeem ua rau overgrowth.uterine cells, uas ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Progesterone supplementation txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev ua rau poj niam cev xeeb tub txhua lub hlis.

kev tsim txom ntawm kev xav tom qab
kev tsim txom ntawm kev xav tom qab

Leej twg tuaj yeem kho thiab leej twg ua tsis tau?

Cov poj niam uas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm menopausal thiab cov neeg muaj pob txha pob txha raws li cov kab mob sib txawv yog cov neeg sib tw rau kev kho tshuaj hormone hloov.

Cov poj niam uas tau zoo los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mis, muaj keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob plawv, kab mob siab lossis ntshav txhaws, thiab cov poj niam tsis muaj cov tsos mob menopausal, qhov kev kho mob no yog contraindicated.

Thaum twg tus poj niam yuav tsum pib tshuaj hloov tshuaj hormones rau kev laus thiab kev kho mob ntev npaum li cas?

Txawm hais tias lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tau ntseeg tias muaj hnub nyoog 50 xyoo, thiab feem ntau cov tsos mob hnyav tshaj plaws feem ntau kav ntev li ob mus rau peb xyoos, tsis muaj hnub nyoog pes tsawg thaum lub cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem pib.

Raws li cov kws kho mob, kev noj tshuaj tsawg yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho tshuaj hormone hloov pauv tom qab hnub nyoog 50 xyoo. Cov tshuaj no txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv thiab mob qog noj ntshav mis. Cov kws kho mob txwv cov kev kho mob zoo li no rau cov poj niam mus txog plaub mus rau tsib xyoos. Lub sijhawm no, cov tsos mob hnyav tshaj plaws ploj mus, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua neej nyob tsis muaj tshuaj kho.

hnov kub
hnov kub

hom tshuaj twg muaj?

Ob leeg estrogen thiab estrogen-progesterone cov khoom lag luam muaj xws li ntsiav tshuaj, gel, thaj thiabtshuaj pleev qhov chaw mos los yog lub nplhaib (ob qhov tom kawg no feem ntau pom zoo rau cov tsos mob ntawm qhov chaw mos nkaus xwb).

Raws li qee tus kws kho mob, kev siv tshuaj tsawg hauv ib thaj yog qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias nws xa cov tshuaj hormones ncaj qha rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, hla lub siab, thiab yog li txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj. Rau kev kho cov tshuaj hormone hloov, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau xaiv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tib zoo thiab tsuas yog raws li kws kho mob qhia.

menopause yog dab tsi?

Menopause yog lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Qhov kev kuaj mob no yog ua tom qab 12 lub hlis dhau los yam tsis muaj kev coj khaub ncaws. Menopause tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 40 txog 50.

Menopause yog txheej txheem lom neeg. Tab sis cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev, xws li kub kub, tsis muaj kev xav, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev pw tsaug zog, txo qis zog, thiab cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob zoo, los ntawm kev hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej mus rau kev kho tshuaj hormone.

Muaj peb theem ntawm kev ua cev tsis muaj zog:

  • premenopause (lossis hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv) yog lub sijhawm pib ntawm cov tsos mob thiab 1 xyoo tom qab lub caij nyoog poj niam dhau los;
  • menopause - ib xyoos tom qab kev coj khaub ncaws zaum kawg;
  • postmenopause yog txhua xyoo tom qab menopause.
pw tsaug zog cuam tshuam
pw tsaug zog cuam tshuam

Symptoms

Hauv lub hlis lossis xyoo ua ntej lub cev tsis muaj zog (perimenopause), koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • lub sijhawm tsis xwm yeem;
  • qhov chaw mos dryness;
  • tides;
  • hnub hws;
  • poob teeb meem;
  • mood change;
  • hnyav nce thiab qeeb metabolism;
  • thinning plaub hau thiab tawv nqaij qhuav;
  • mis poob firmness.

Cov tsos mob, suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws, txawv rau txhua tus poj niam.

Qhov ploj ntawm lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm perimenopause yog qhov tshwm sim thiab xav tau. Feem ntau cov kev coj khaub ncaws ploj mus rau ib hlis thiab rov qab los yog ploj mus rau ob peb lub hlis, thiab tom qab ntawd mus raws li niaj zaus ib ntus. Los ntshav tuaj yeem siv sijhawm tsawg dua, yog li ntawd, lub voj voog nws tus kheej txo qis. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm tsis sib xws, kev xeeb tub tseem ua tau. Yog tias koj xav tias ncua sijhawm, tab sis tsis paub tseeb tias qhov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev tau pib, sim kuaj cev xeeb tub.

menopause tom qab 40
menopause tom qab 40

Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?

Txhua tus poj niam yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thiab txuas ntxiv mus ntsib lub sijhawm thiab tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem suav nrog kev kuaj mob pom zoo xws li colposcopy, mammography, thiab ultrasound ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab zes qe menyuam. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo rau lwm yam kev kuaj mob, suav nrog kev kuaj cov thyroid, yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Nrog rau kev hloov tshuaj hormones tom qab hnub nyoog 50 xyoo, qhov kev mus ntsib kws kho mob yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv.

Nco mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias muaj los ntshav ntawm qhov chaw mos tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog.

kev xav deev rautsis muaj hnub nyoog
kev xav deev rautsis muaj hnub nyoog

Menopause lossis thyroid teeb meem?

Cov thyroid caj pas yog ib yam khoom me me nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caj dab saum lub caj dab. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj cov metabolism. Cov tshuaj hormones muaj zog no cuam tshuam rau txhua lub cell, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab lub cev hauv lub cev. Thaum cov tshuaj hormones nws tsim los ua tsis txaus, qhov teeb meem ntawm hypothyroidism lossis hyperthyroidism tshwm sim.

Hypothyroidism (cov thyroid tsis ua haujlwm) tshwm sim thaum cov thyroid caj pas tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones txaus rau lub cev kom ua haujlwm zoo. Yog tias tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj cholesterol siab, osteoporosis, kab mob plawv, thiab kev nyuaj siab. Qee cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism zoo ib yam li cov neeg thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv poj niam. Cov no yog qaug zog, tsis nco qab, lub siab hloov pauv, qhov hnyav nce, kev coj khaub ncaws tsis xwm yeem thiab txias intolerance.

Hyperthyroidism (hyperfunction) tshwm sim thaum cov thyroid caj pas tsim cov tshuaj hormones ntau dhau. Qee cov tsos mob ntawm hyperthyroidism tseem tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov pib ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, suav nrog kub flashes, kub tsis haum, palpitations (qee zaus lub plawv dhia), tachycardia (mob plawv dhia ceev), thiab insomnia. Cov tsos mob feem ntau ntawm thyrotoxicosis yog qhov poob phaus uas tsis tau npaj tseg, goiter (cov thyroid caj pas loj) thiab exophthalmos (qhov muag pom).

Hypothyroidism feem ntau yog kho nrog qhov ncauj cov tshuaj hormones los ntxiv cov khoom. Cov kev kho mob rau thyrotoxicosis yog cov tshuaj antithyroid, radioactivethyroid therapy lossis thyroid phais.

txhim kho lub neej zoo thaum kho
txhim kho lub neej zoo thaum kho

Ua ntej koj mus kuaj xyuas ib xyoos ib zaug, sim kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev ua poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov tshuaj hormones (estrogens, progesterone, thiab androgens) thiab ntau yam tshuaj hormones uas muaj los pab txo cov tsos mob ntsig txog poj niam txiv neej thiab txo kev pheej hmoo mus ntev. mob xws li osteoporosis. Qhov kev sim no tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj hormones twg yuav raug rau koj.

Estrogen yog "poj niam cov tshuaj hormones" uas txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm poj niam cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib deev thiab muaj peev xwm dais thiab yug me nyuam. Peb hom tshuaj estrogen tseem ceeb - estrone, estradiol (feem ntau lom zem ntau), thiab estriol (nce thaum cev xeeb tub) - txo qis thaum cev xeeb tub, thiab qhov kev txo qis no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob menopausal xws li kub flashes thiab vaginal dryness.

Progesterone feem ntau hu ua "cov tshuaj hormones tu". Nws qhia lub tsev menyuam los npaj cov ntaub so ntswg kom tau txais lub qe fertilized. Nws tseem yog tsom rau kev tswj kev xeeb tub thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog mammary (mis). Hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, progesterone yog tsim nyob rau hauv zes qe menyuam tsuas yog tom qab ovulation (los yog tso tawm ntawm lub qe los ntawm zes qe menyuam). Yog hais tias lub qe tsis fertilized, qib progesterone yuav poob thiab kev coj khaub ncaws yuav pib. Qhov kawg ntawm ovulation hauv menopause txhais tau tias qhov kawg ntawm progesterone ntau lawm.

Androgens kuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv poj niam lub cev, xws li testosterone thiab dehydroepiandrosterone, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li cas tsawg tshaj li cov txiv neej. Cov qib androgen tsis txaus ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog ua rau qaug zog, lub siab hloov pauv, thiab txo qis kev sib deev. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog hloov theem ntawm androgens hauv menopause.

kev kho tshuaj hormone
kev kho tshuaj hormone

Hormone replacement therapy: pros and cons

Thawj siv hauv xyoo 1940, tab sis siv dav dua hauv xyoo 1960, hloov pauv kev tswj hwm cov tsos mob menopausal. Txoj kev kho no feem ntau tau muab rau cov poj niam laus laus kom txo tau cov tsos mob xws li kub hnyiab, hmo ntuj tawm hws, pw tsaug zog, teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab genitourinary xws li tso zis ntau zaus thiab qhov chaw mos qhuav, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob osteoporosis.

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, ob qhov kev tshawb fawb loj tshaj plaws tau ua ntawm cov poj niam uas siv tshuaj hormone hloov kho tom qab 50 xyoo. Cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm ob qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb. Cov teeb meem no tshwm sim ntawm ob qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb:

  • siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav mis,
  • lawv siv yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob plawv.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau txais cov lus teb dav dav rau pej xeem, uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm cov poj niam.

Tom qab cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm, cov thawj coj tswj hwm tau ntsuas kev nyab xeeb sai, tawm tswv yim tias cov kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj qis tshaj plaws los txo cov tsos mob, siv nws tsuas yog ob kab kev kho mob rau kev tiv thaiv pob txha, thiab tsis siv thaum tsis muaj Menopausal tsos mob.

NtauCov kws kho mob tau tso tseg cov tshuaj hormone hloov kho tom qab 50 (cov tshuaj), thiab cov poj niam tau tso tseg tam sim ntawd, tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov tsos mob menopausal rov qab los. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov poj niam noj cov tshuaj hormones tau poob qis, thiab ze li ib tiam ntawm cov poj niam tau raug tsis lees paub lub sijhawm los txhim kho lawv lub neej zoo thaum cev xeeb tub.

Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tom ntej ntawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub mis, uas tau pom tsuas yog hauv cov neeg siv HRT ua ntej tso npe kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim hais tias cov kws sau ntawv tau sau tseg tias lub hnub nyoog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv tshuaj, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv qhia tias tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv hauv cov poj niam uas pib kho li ntawm 10 xyoo tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog.

tshuaj rau menopause
tshuaj rau menopause

Kev Kho Mob Hnub No: Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb

Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj yuav tsum tau ntsuas ib txwm, tab sis zoo li qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv tseem siab dua. Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem paub tseeb txog qhov no nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • Hommon hloov kho rau cov poj niam yog coj los txo cov tsos mob ntawm menopausal. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob osteoporosis, tab sis tsis tas siv sijhawm ntev.
  • Kev kho yog noj raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov koob tshuaj qis tshaj plaws.
  • Cov neeg mob kho mob tau kuaj xyuas yam tsawg ib xyoos ib zaug.

Yog cov poj niam pib noj cov tshuaj hormones thaum cev xeeb tub, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tshwm sim tsawg heev.

Ntau tus poj niam tab tom nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib deev thiablub siab xav rau kev hloov kho tshuaj hormones tom qab 50 xyoo thiab cov tshuaj twg muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no. Tseem tsis tau muaj lus teb meej, tab sis kev tshawb fawb qhia tias estrogen tuaj yeem pab tswj lossis kho kev sib deev. Tab sis nws yeej tau txais nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lwm cov tsos mob menopausal, xws li qhov chaw mos dryness thiab mob thaum muaj kev sib deev. Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm qhov chaw mos yog qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb, ces kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce hauv qhov chaw mos estrogen suppositories yuav zoo dua.

mus ntsib kws kho mob
mus ntsib kws kho mob

Tsuas yog thaum cev xeeb tub?

Muaj ntau dua 50 hom tshuaj hormonal. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa tau:

  • inside (hauv ntsiav tshuaj),
  • transdermal (los ntawm daim tawv nqaij),
  • subcutaneous (ntev ntev implantation),
  • vaginally.

Cycling regimen ua raws li kev coj khaub ncaws ib txwm muaj. Qhov kev hloov tshuaj hormone no feem ntau yog muab rau tom qab 40 xyoo rau cov poj niam uas lub sijhawm tau nres ntxov dhau. Estrogen thiab progestogen tau noj txhua hnub rau 21 hnub. Thaum kawg ntawm txhua qhov kev kawm, los ntshav tshwm sim, raws li lub cev "tsis kam" cov tshuaj hormones thiab tsis lees txais lub tsev menyuam. Progesterone tswj cov ntshav thiab tiv thaiv lub endometrium los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau kev hloov pauv. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas pab cov poj niam uas tsis muaj zog los yog thaum ntxov cev xeeb tub tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev xeeb tub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg rau kev kho mob ntawm kev xeeb tub thib ob. Kev teem caij rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no feem ntau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo: tom qab ob peb lub voj voog ntawm kev siv, cov poj niam tswj kom cev xeeb tub.

Estrogen ib leeg feem ntau yog muab rau cov poj niam uas tau tshem lawv lub tsev menyuam (hysterectomy).

"Tibolone" yog ib qho tshuaj estrogen-progestin uas tau muab rau cov neeg mob uas nws lub cev tsis muaj zog tsis dhau ib xyoos dhau los. Yog tias koj pib noj cov tshuaj ua ntej, nws tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv yog qhov pib ntawm menopause thiab osteoporosis.

Tips

Nrog rau kev siv tshuaj hormonal mus ntev, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav txhua peb lub hlis, vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.

Tshuaj estrogen (xws li cov tshuaj hauv qhov chaw mos, tshuaj pleev, lossis lub nplhaib) yog siv los kho cov teeb meem hauv zos urogenital xws li qhov chaw mos qhuav, khaus khaus, teeb meem tso zis ntau zaus, lossis kab mob.

Cov poj niam uas xav pib kho yuav tsum ua tib zoo tham txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo nrog lawv tus kws kho mob, suav nrog hnub nyoog, keeb kwm kho mob, yam txaus ntshai thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kheej. Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj hloov pauv tshuaj, kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau - tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob.

Rau cov neeg mob feem ntau siv tshuaj raws li kev kho mob luv luv rau cov tsos mob menopausal, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob ntau dua qhov txaus ntshai.

Cov poj niam ntawm HRT yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug. Rau qee tus poj niam, kev siv tshuaj ntev ntev yuav tsim nyog los txo cov tsos mob thiab kev ua neej zoo.

Pom zoo: