mob qog noj ntshav yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qee lub hlwb noj qab haus huv hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis ua haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov hlwb uas hloov DNA tuaj yeem dhau los ua qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm kev txiav txim siab mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov thiab yuav ua li cas kuaj mob oncology thiaj li tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws txhawm rau pib kho raws sijhawm lossis tshem tawm kev ntshai ntawm kev kuaj mob txaus ntshai.
Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
mob qog noj ntshav li cas?
Nyob hauv lub xeev ib txwm, lub cev nws tus kheej tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlwb hloov pauv, tab sis feem ntau muaj cov xwm txheej thaum muaj ntau lub hlwb uas lub cev nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no. Cov hlwb no tsuas yog nce ntxiv raws sijhawm, thiab cov qog lossis lwm yam tshwm sim tshwm sim. Cov kws tshaj lij tau txheeb xyuas 200 hom mob qog noj ntshav, suav nrog ntau yam ua tau: qhov chaw tshwm sim, daim ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
kev kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv tau mob qog noj ntshav?
Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau cov lus qhia los ntawm cov tshuaj ib txwm siv, uas qhia thiab qhia seb yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav. Lawv txhua tus tham txog kev kho kom zoo, tab sis hmoov tsis, lawv txhua tus tau txiav txim siab thiab tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag. Txoj kev siv tau tiag tiag tuaj yeem hu ua cov txheej txheem uas tam sim no siv hauv tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txawv teb chaws. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev phais hluav taws xob thiab kev kho hluav taws xob.
Txoj kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav
Hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev kuaj mob ntxov. Yog tias kuaj pom tus kab mob hauv lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj hauv kev uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws los tawm tsam oncology thiab xyuas kom muaj kev kho mob ntawm ib hom mob qog noj ntshav. Muaj ntau hom kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav yog siv los txiav txim tus kab mob.
Tus kws kho mob
Thiab tau kawg, kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob yog thawj txoj hauv kev. Tus kws kho mob uas muaj peev xwm, twb nyob rau thawj qhov kev kuaj mob, yuav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov kev xav tias mob qog noj ntshav hauv tus neeg mob thiab xa nws mus kuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb. Tej zaum qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb, vim nws tsis yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tus kab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm ib qho qub. Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem taug kev mus ntev thiab ua qhov kev xeem tsis tsim nyog. Thiab lub sijhawm no, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer yuav dhau los ua ntau dua thiab tsuas yog kev vam meej.
Dab tsi yog kuaj mob qog noj ntshav?
Biochemical thiab suav ntshav kom tiav
Feem ntau CBCxyaum tsis hloov nrog mob qog noj ntshav, tab sis muaj cov cim qhia tias koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau:
- nrawm ntawm ESR, nce hemoglobin thiab ntau cov qe ntshav liab;
- tsis tsim nyog acceleration ntawm ESR nrog ib txwm cov ntshav dawb suav;
- txhim kho ntshav ntshav, tsis piav qhia qhov txo qis hauv qib hemoglobin.
Ua tiav cov ntshav suav rau leukemia tuaj yeem yog thawj lub cim ntawm tus kabmob:
- txo qis hauv qib hemoglobin;
- qis lossis siab tus lej ntawm tus kheej;
- nrawm ESR;
- hloov pauv hauv feem pua ntawm cov cell leukocyte.
Cancer kuj tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical. Koj yuav tsum tau ceeb toom thiab txhawj xeeb txog kev kawm tom ntej hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no:
- muaj qhov nce hauv kev ua haujlwm transaminase - qhov no tuaj yeem qhia txog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub raum, siab thiab txiav txiav;
- muaj cov calcium ntau ntxiv - qhov no yuav qhia tias mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob raum;
- muaj kev cuam tshuam tas li ntawm cov tshuaj hormones - feem ntau cov qog endocrine-nyob rau theem pib ua rau lawv tus kheej hnov los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj hormones.
Tumor markers
Tsuas yog cov cim qog hauv cov ntshav uas tau kuaj pom thaum kuaj biochemical yuav kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav. Cov cim qog yog cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, cov proteins nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv uas teb rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Tab sis kev sim rau cov qog nqaij hlav, rauHmoov tsis zoo, lawv tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw. Cov laj thawj yog, ntawm ib sab, tus nqi siab, ntawm qhov tod tes, kev ua yuam kev tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj, qee zaum lawv pom qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory zoo tib yam. Cov hom qog nqaij hlav uas nyiam tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav yog CA 125 (mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam), PSA (mob qog noj ntshav), CA 15-3 (mob qog), CA 19-9 (mob plab hnyuv), CEA (mob qog noj ntshav, plab hnyuv loj., zais zis, ncauj tsev menyuam, lub mis thiab pancreas, siab).
kuaj kab mob
Nyob hauv tsev kho mob, kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav tau nce zuj zus.
Kev kuaj kab mob tsis yog tsuas yog rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg mob uas twb muaj lawm. Lawv muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas lub cev lub cev rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tes, hloov pauv.
Qee tus poj niam uas paub tias lawv muaj cov noob muaj prophylactic mastectomy. Tab sis cov txheej txheem radical no tsis muab 100% lav tsis txhob mob cancer mis yav tom ntej.
Kuj kuaj mob ntsws cancer, piv txwv li, siv hluav taws xob.
X-ray
Txog tam sim no, muaj cov txheej txheem kuaj X-ray niaj hnub. Tab sis txoj kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua tuaj yeem ua tau.
Bronchography
hom kev kuaj no yog npaj los kuaj mob ntsws cancer lossis saib xyuas kev hloov pauv tom qab phais. Ua li no, nyob rau hauv lub zos los yog kev siv tshuaj loog, tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv yog txhaj rau hauv lub ntsws, tom qab ntawd muab cov duab thaij duab.
Angiography
Lwm yam x-ray. Angiography yog siv los tshuaj xyuas cov hlab ntsha nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem pom cov vascular network ntawm kev kawm. Txoj kev no yuav ua haujlwm zoo nrog ntau hom kev kho.
Yuav kuaj mob cancer mis li cas?
Mammography
Nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb no, kev kuaj mammogram yog ib qho txheej txheem uas niaj hnub kuaj xyuas. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob zoo dua xws li mob qog noj ntshav mis. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nrog me ntsis kev cog lus ntawm lub hauv siab kom tsis txhob muaj kev txhais lus yuam kev.
Magnetic resonance imaging
Txoj kev tshawb fawb siv cov duab sib nqus resonance tso cai rau koj los tshuaj xyuas cov kabmob sab hauv thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus neeg. Nws yog raws li daim ntawv thov ntawm nuclear magnetic resonance.
MRI yog ib txoj kev kuaj xyuas thev naus laus zis uas tso cai rau koj saib hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab kuaj pom ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, kev puas tsuaj rau cov leeg nqaij thiab cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nov yog qhov kuaj mob plab plab.
MRI tuaj yeem ntsuas cov qauv ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, kuaj pom kev hloov pauv, ntau yam qog thiab lwm yam pathologies, tshuaj xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob (ntsuas cov kua dej cerebrospinal, ntshav khiav nrawm, thiab lwm yam). Thiab koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab tiag tiag ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, xws li lub siab.
Magnetic-Resonance tomography yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv oncology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov ntawm cov qog. Tam sim no, tsis muaj lwm txoj kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem pom cov qog nrog qhov loj ntawm 1-3.5 hli. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais yam tsis muaj qhov exaggeration tias kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav nrog MRI yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws yuav tso cai tsis tau tsuas yog kuaj cov qog nqaij hlav cancer xwb, tab sis kuj tseem txheeb xyuas lawv qhov xwm txheej, qhov loj thiab qhov chaw nyob nrog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws.
MRI yog qhia rau cov neeg mob uas xav tias mob qog noj ntshav lossis twb tau kuaj pom lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug twb kuaj MRI yog muab los qhia kom meej lub prevalence ntawm pathological txheej txheem thiab xaiv ib tug ntau optimal kev kho mob regimen.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntsuas magnetic resonance tsis tsuas yog kuaj pom cov qog hauv zos xwb, tab sis kuj kuaj pom cov metastases.
Scintigraphy
Isotope kuaj pob txha, lossis scintigraphy, yog siv los kuaj cov pob txha metastases. Txoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem ua tiav los txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav ntawm kev kho cov kev cuam tshuam hauv metastases thiab cov qog nqaij hlav pob txha.
Kev kuaj mob endoscopic
Endoscopy yog siv los tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw mos. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Nws tseem tuaj yeem sau cov ntaub ntawv uas tus kws kho mob pom nrog kev pab ntawm cov duab, yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov thev naus laus zis digital. Koj tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom siv roj ntsha ntawm cov qog los tshuaj xyuas.
Rau nrhiavqog nqaij hlav hauv gastrooncology siv:
- gastroscopy;
- esophagoscopy;
- rectorromanosconia;
- duodenoscopy;
- colonoscopy.
Siv hauv Pulmonary Oncology:
- thoracoscopy;
- bronchoscopy.
Siv hauv oncourology:
- nephroscopy;
- cystoscopy;
- Yureteroscopy.
Gynecological oncology ua kev tshawb fawb siv:
- hysteroscopy;
- colposcopy.
Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem pab kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov?
PET-CT
Nrog kev pab ntawm PET-CT, nws tuaj yeem pom cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv lub cev ntawm qib molecular. Nws feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov metastases hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer lossis rau kev tshawb fawb kom raug, piv txwv li, txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog theem ntawm tus kab mob, qhov tshwm sim hauv lub cev thiab dhau mus. Txoj kev no yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab yam haujlwm twg yuav tsum tau ua thaum phais.
Biopsy
Biopsy yog ib txoj hauv kev siv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem ua rau kev kuaj cytological thiab histological ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem no suav hais tias yog ib qho tsis zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tshuaj xyuas cov qog nqaij hlav malignant.
Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tau muab hauv qab no.
kho mob qog noj ntshav
Thaum tus mob qog noj ntshav tau txheeb pom thiab nws hom twb tau txiav txim siab lawm, nws yuav tsum xaiv ib txoj hauv kev los dawsoncology. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog:
- Tshuaj kho mob. Txoj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav no yog hu ua kev siv tshuaj cytotoxic uas tiv thaiv kev faib cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Txawv teb chaws, tshiab thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj cytotoxic rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog tsim los tas li.
- Radiotherapy. Nws siv dag nyob rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob rays nrog DNA ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Txoj kev no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis nws tau txhim kho nyob rau lub sijhawm, maj mam txo nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Immunotherapy. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv tau rau txhua theem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, vim nws tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lwm txoj kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hluav taws xob.
- pob txha pob txha hloov. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ntawm oncohematology.
- Kev phais mob. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev phais tshem tawm ntawm cov qog. Txoj kev no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab phem tshaj plaws thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshem cov qog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyuaj mus txog.
Oncology txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm cov npe no, tab sis cov txheej txheem siv tam sim no yog tag nrho cov saum toj no.
Cov kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab nws txoj kev kho mob muaj nyob niaj hnub no.
