Gum yog cov mucous daim nyias nyias uas npog lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab sab qis ib ncig ntawm cov hniav. Nws nruj nreem npog lub puab tsaig, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov nqaij mos palatine thiab mandibular pterygoid quav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws npog cov hniav thiab fuses nrog periosteum ntawm cov pob txha alveolar, uas nyob ib puag ncig cov hauv paus hniav.
Functions
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov pos hniav yog los tiv thaiv lub cev thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog ua tiav vim muaj cov khoom siv xws li hyaluronic acid, macro- thiab microphages, plasma. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov pos hniav uas muaj lub luag haujlwm xa cov as-ham rau cov ntaub so ntswg sib sib zog nqus.
Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntev, yuav tsum muaj cov kua dej tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus thiab cov enzymes uas ncaj qha rau hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic:
- cov protein zoo li ntshav ntshav hauv nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm;
- ammonia;
- lactic acid;
- leukocytes;
- kab mob endotoxins nce thaum lub sijhawmLub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, qhov tshwm sim no ua rau kom kho sai.
Vim nws cov qauv collagen, uas yog tsim los ntawm fibroblasts, cov ntaub so ntswg muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom.
Lub tsev nta
Txij li cov pos hniav yog ib qho pom ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb tus neeg puas noj qab haus huv los ntawm lawv cov mob sab nraud. Nrog rau cov qauv ib txwm muaj, cov ntaub so ntswg muaj lub teeb liab lossis xim av tsaus, nyob ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm tus neeg (tshwj xeeb-tawv tawv thiab tawv nqaij tawv, feem). Hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, cov ntaub so ntswg muaj xim zoo ib yam, tsis muaj pob, o thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm pathologies.
Gum blood supply
Cov qauv tau nthuav tawm hauv txoj hauv kev uas cov ntshav tau tshwm sim vim cov hlab ntsha hla lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab sab qis thiab pib los ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab nraud carotid.
Cov gingiva sab sauv tau muab cov ntshav tau los ntawm anastomoses, uas, dhau los, los ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm sab nraud maxillary arterial arch. Cov ntshav mandibular nkag los ntawm sab hauv alveolar arch, los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus nplaig nws nkag nrog cov ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lingual.
Histological qauv
Cov qauv histological ntawm tib neeg cov pos hniav yog stratified squamous epithelium thiab nws cov phaj. Muaj xws li cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial: connective, furrow thiab qhov ncauj kab noj hniav epithelium.
Lub epithelium ntawm cov pos hniav thiab interdental papillae yog thicker, nws yog yam ntxwv los ntawm keratinization ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Txuas rau tus hniavjunctional epithelium uas nyob ib puag ncig cov hniav los ntawm cemento-enamel hlws ris mus rau sulcus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws npog cov hniav hauv daim ntawv cuff, yog li txuas cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ua cov qauv monolithic.
Anatomical structure
Cov qauv anatomical ntawm cov pos hniav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kho mob thiab cov cim ntawm lub cev, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb thaj chaw loj:
- Muaj. Qhov no npog thaj tsam ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm tus hniav. Qhov saum npoo ntawm thaj chaw marginal yog txawm thiab du. Nws qhov dav tuaj yeem yog 0.8 txog 2.5 millimeters.
- Free. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv, qhov no zoo li daim duab peb sab, sab sauv ntawm uas zoo nkaus li ntawm zom cov hniav ntawm cov hniav. Nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav thiab tsim cov gingival interdental papillae. Thaum kawg ntawm papilla, uas haum snugly tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav, thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag yog hu ua zawj. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib khi thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tag nrho periodontium. Qhov zawj ciam teb tag nrho cov hniav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog thiab ua haujlwm zoo li "lub rooj vag" uas tsis tso cai rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob pathogenic microflora hla dhau. Thaum cov pos hniav nyob hauv qhov mob, lub zog ntawm cov grooves tsis muaj zog, thiab cov kab mob yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv. Cov mob hnyav dua pib pib.
- Txuas - qhov alveolar, uas yog fastened rau tag nrho cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov pob txha alveolar. Qhov no yog tag nrho los ntawm stratum corneum.
kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav
Cov kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov pos hniav yog:
- Gingivitis. Cov kab mob no yog cov txheej txheem inflammatory uas tshwm sim hauv qhov dawb ntawm cov pos hniav. Cov dots dawb, o, liab liab, los ntshav thiab mob thaum txhuam koj cov hniav yog tag nrho cov cim qhia ntawm gingivitis.
- Periodontitis. Cov kab mob no yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm gingivitis thiab tshwm sim nrog kev kho tsis zoo lossis tsis zoo. Tam sim no cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dawb ntawm cov pos hniav, tab sis kuj txuas mus rau cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg. Pathology tuaj yeem ua rau xoob thiab poob ntawm cov hniav ntxiv.
- Periodontosis. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov txo qis hauv qhov siab ntawm cov pos hniav. Pathology tau pom tsawg kawg nkaus thiab feem ntau yog hauv cov neeg laus.
Txhua yam kab mob xav tau kev kho mob, yam tsis muaj nws, cov hniav tuaj yeem xoob thiab poob tawm. Txhawm rau kuaj mob, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho hniav, nws yuav muaj peev xwm sau tau cov kev kho mob txaus.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv?
Nrog qee cov kab mob hauv lub cev, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau cov pos hniav. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog kev txhuam hniav txhua hnub thiab kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, uas muaj cov protein ntau txaus, calcium, vitamins thiab tag nrho cov zaub mov tsim nyog.
Kev siv zog yuav tsum tau pib tsis yog tsuas yog cov pob dawb lossis lwm yam cim ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim ntawm cov pos hniav, qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tiv thaiv. Kev ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tshwj xeeb, tshuaj ntsuab decoctions lossis infusions, zaws, nrog rau cov khoom muag tshuaj tsim los rau cov laj thawj no.
Nyob hauv tsev, cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj thiab cov nroj tsuag:
- YPropolis. Cov cuab yeej no yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj zog heev, uas tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov kab mob ntawm qhov ncauj.
- Compress los ntawm propolis tincture. Lub chaw muag tshuaj tincture ntawm propolis 4% yuav tsum tau moistened nrog paj rwb swab thiab thov rau ob peb feeb tsawg kawg yog 4-5 zaug ib hnub twg.
- Tshuaj pleev raws li propolis. Nrog rau cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum tau lubricate cov ntaub so ntswg nrog lawv o thiab mob.
- Tincture rau kev tswj qhov ncauj. Ib 10% propolis-raws li tincture yog noj 20-25 tee peb zaug ib hnub twg.
- Hydrogen peroxide. Nws kuj yog ib tug zoo antiseptic thiab antimicrobial neeg sawv cev. Thaum siv peroxide los kho cov pos hniav, tsau ib lub paj rwb swab hauv cov khoom thiab so cov pos hniav nrog nws los ntawm sab nraud mus rau sab hauv. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov mob thiab los ntshav ntawm cov pos hniav.
- Furacilin. Ib ntsiav tshuaj ntawm furacilin yuav tsum tau yaj nyob rau hauv ib khob dej kub, sib tov, txias rau 35 degrees thiab yaug nrog cov khoom tshwm sim 3-4 zaug ib hnub twg.
- Tea soda yuav siv tau yog tias pob dawb tshwm rau ntawm cov pos hniav, o thiab los ntshav. Dissolve ib teaspoon ntawm ci dej qab zib nyob rau hauv ib khob dej kub thiab yaug koj lub qhov ncauj nrog cov tshuaj no ob peb zaug ib hnub twg.
Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis suav nrog kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej, vim tias qhov kev kuaj mob raug tsuas yog ua tauspecialist.
tiv thaiv kab mob
Txhawm rau kom cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov pos hniav thiab cov kab mob hauv lub sijhawm tag nrho kom nyob zoo, yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev tiv thaiv yooj yim:
- Txhua hnub txhuam thiab yaug koj lub qhov ncauj tsawg kawg ob zaug ib hnub.
- khoom noj kom raug thiab sib npaug, nplua nuj nyob hauv txhua qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov vitamins.
- Siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride los pab tiv thaiv cov enamel yaig thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig.
- kho txhua lub sijhawm ntawm qhov ncauj thiab mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua.
Cov qauv ntawm cov pos hniav thiab tag nrho cov kab mob hauv lub cev yog qhov nyuaj heev, yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj teeb meem me ntsis tshwm sim, nws raug nquahu kom hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd, thiab tsis txhob sim daws qhov teeb meem ntawm koj tus kheej, yog li ua rau muaj qhov hnyav ntxiv. teeb meem. Cov pos hniav tseem ceeb heev, yog tias tsis muaj lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem khaws cov hniav kom zoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tu yooj yim, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lawv. Hauv qhov no, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yuav tsis ua teeb meem rau lub sijhawm ntev.
