Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kab mob loj. Muaj kev xav tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Tab sis lawv yog negligible piv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob no. Yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dab tsi rau menyuam yaus? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov niam txiv yuav tsum paub lawv tus kheej nrog contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Thiab nrog rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos.
Contraindications rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Daim ntawv teev cov contraindications rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ntev heev, vim hais tias pes tsawg koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau txhaj rau thaum tseem hluas. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov niam txiv yuav tsum coj tus menyuam mus rau tus kws kho mob kom tau txais kev tso cai rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem raug tsis lees paub yog tias muaj:
- prematurity;
- yug yug tsawg heev;
- mob hnyav thiab mob ntev, xws li kab mob hauv plab, kab mob purulent, teeb meem nrog lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb, qog noj ntshav, tuberculosis;
- txhawj xeeb;
- muaj teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dhau los;
- kab mob hauv plab;
- hypersensitivity rau tus kheejCheebtsam;
- kab mob ntshav.
kab mob siab B
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tsim nyog vim qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob no hnyav dua ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob siab, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Raws li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, 88-93% ntawm cov menyuam yaus txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob no, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev. Qhov no txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob los ntawm cov niam cov cab thiab tseem tiv thaiv kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam mos hauv cov pejxeem. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm tus menyuam pib hauv tsev kho mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug yog muab rau thawj nees nkaum plaub teev ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab lub neej. Tom qab ntawd raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau menyuam yaus:
- ib hlis tom qab tus menyuam yug los;
- rau lub hli thib ob;
- ntxov li kaum ob hlis tom qab tus menyuam txhaj tshuaj.
Qhov tsuas yog contraindication rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tus neeg intolerance rau cov tshuaj. Qee zaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsis txaus siab no ua rau muaj teeb meem loj hauv ib kis rau rau pua txhiab tus menyuam.
Raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo thiaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tus kws kho mob, tom qab ntsuas lub cev kub thiab xam phaj tus menyuam, tso cai rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus menyuam tau txais tshuaj uas tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias.
Hnub no, muaj ntau txoj haujlwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam mos, nrog rau daim ntawv qhia hnub rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of He althRF. Txhua tus niam txiv hluas yuav tsum paub txog nws. Cov menyuam yaus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias ntawm 12 lub hlis raws li daim ntawv teev npe txhaj tshuaj.
Post-vaccination condition factors:
- Tom qab peb hnub, tus me nyuam yuav kub taub hau.
- Kev qaug zog thiab qaug zog tuaj yeem haunt tus menyuam.
- Me nyuam yuav chim siab.
- Rash yuav tshwm sim, tab sis qhov no yog 1 ntawm 10 tshwm sim.
Yuav ua li cas tsis ua li cas hauv 6-7 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj:
- Nws tsim nyog txwv kev mus ncig rau lub tsev da dej.
- Tsis txhob coj mus kawm kindergarten thiab zam cov neeg coob coob.
YRubella
Rubella yog tus kab mob kis rau menyuam yaus. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog pob liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua npaws. Tom qab muaj kab mob, kev tiv thaiv feem ntau yog khaws cia rau txoj sia.
Cov menyuam yaus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kabmob no txij li hnub nyoog ib xyoos. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua nws ua ntej, vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj cov kab mob rubella nyob, uas yuav ua rau tus menyuam tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Txog li ib xyoos, cov menyuam yaus mob rubella tsis tshua muaj, vim tias. lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lawv niam. Feem ntau, qhov no tshwm sim yog leej niam kis tus kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub.
Hauv tshuaj, muaj lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob:
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, mumps thiab rubella thaum muaj 1 xyoos.
- Tom qab ntawd - thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj zaum kawg rau tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 15-16 xyoo.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib kis, thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem muab tau ntawm 6 lub hlis,koj yuav tsum tseem ua raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg.
Tus kab mob diphtheria suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus niam txiv yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam nrog DTP, thiab cov kws kho mob hais kom ua qhov txheej txheem no.
Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm tus kab mob diphtheria? Tus kab mob no suav tias yog kis tau. Thaum kis tus kab mob, tus neeg mob lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg, thiab txawm tias qhov chaw mos ua rau mob. Cov teeb meem tom qab tus kab mob no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb mus txog rau kev tuag. Diphtheria bacillus kis sai sai thoob plaws lub cev thiab tsim cov co toxins hauv cov ntshav. Nrog tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej, irreversible txim. Txoj kev kis ntawm tus kab mob no yog huab cua, yog li nws yooj yim heev kom kis tau tus kab mob. Txawm tias ib txwm mus ntsib ib lub tsev kho mob los ntawm tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau kis tau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj cov menyuam raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj. Raws li qhov teeb meem, tus menyuam yuav muaj qhov kub thiab txias tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tab sis nws yuav dhau mus rau ib hnub.
Tus kab mob no muaj tus kab mob sib kis los ntawm hnoos hawb pob. Cov txheej txheem kis tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov qog ua pa, ua rau hnoos muaj zog. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev kho mob mus ntev yuav tsis pab, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm kev kis tus kabmob. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis tiv thaiv tus menyuam tag nrho, tab sis yuav pab hloov tus kab mob hauv daim ntawv yooj yim dua. DTP tshuaj tiv thaiv (adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-columnar)Nws yog kev cai los muab intramuscularly nyob rau hauv tus ncej puab. Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv peb theem:
- Nyob rau hauv peb lub hlis.
- Nyob rau plaub lub hlis ib nrab.
- Nyob rau lub hlis.
Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 30 hnub. Revaccination yuav tsum tau ua 12 lub hlis tom qab peb txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kwv yees li 18 lub hlis. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob, qee zaum muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntau yam teeb meem, xws li kev tsis haum tshuaj, convulsions, poob siab. Tus me nyuam cov niam txiv muaj cai tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis ua ntej tsis kam lees, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias tus kab mob ua rau tus me nyuam noj qab haus huv li cas. Yog xav paub ntxiv seb puas yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob, koj yuav tsum hu rau koj tus kws kho mob.
Polio
Thaum yug los, tus menyuam tau txais qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv niam mis. Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lawv tus lej tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ntau hom kab mob nyuaj. Qhov no tau lees paub qhov yuav tsum tau teem sijhawm tiv thaiv rov ua dua tshiab txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov rau cov kab mob kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio.
Polio yog ib yam kab mob kis rau menyuam yaus uas cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem grey uas muaj nyob hauv qhov chaw txha caj qaum. Txoj kev kis tus kab mob no yog huab cua.
Cov tsos mob thawj zaug ntawm kev txhim kho kab mob:
- kab mob intoxication;
- migraine;
- nce subfebrile kub;
- mob hauv ncauj tsev menyuam,cheeb tsam dorsal;
- failure;
- muscle cramps.
Ib qho ntawm kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb yog kev txhaj tshuaj thiab kev taw qhia rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob nyob tsis muaj zog. Kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug yog nqa tawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob lub hlis txij thaum yug los los ntawm qhov ncauj txoj kev, tom qab ntawd ob lub hlis tom ntej nrog kev ncua ntawm ob lub hlis (4 thiab 6). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua ntej kev tswj hwm, kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm tus menyuam yuav tsum tau ua, ntsuas lub cev kub, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab caj pas. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem tau ua tiav.
tuberculosis
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam yug tshiab tawm tsam tuberculosis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tuberculosis yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no. Ntau tus neeg tsis noj tshuaj thiab kis rau lwm tus. Tus kab mob no suav hais tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, thiab nws tsuas yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum yau. Yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis kam, cov kws kho mob ceeb toom txog qhov tshwm sim loj thiab hais rau nws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiv thaiv 100 feem pua ntawm cov kab mob no. Yog tias ib tug neeg tau ntsib nrog tus neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob qhib, tej zaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tiv nrog tus kab mob no. Qhov no tsuas yog siv rau cov neeg txhaj tshuaj uas, raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, tau txhaj tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau mloog cov kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sij hawm kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob loj. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej zam qhov txheej txheem no yooj yim heev.
Mumps
Mumps (mumps) - kab mob kis nrog cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug, txiav txiav, cov noob qes thiab zes qe menyuam,hem cov teeb meem loj. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob nrog kev pab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tau ua tiav ntawm 12 lub hlis, tom qab ntawd tus menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj thaum muaj 6 xyoo. Tom qab txhaj ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, kev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob mus ib txhis yog tsim los ntawm yuav luag 100% ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus siv:
- Yam tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob ib leeg muaj tus kab mob mumps.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam uas pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ob - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, lossis peb kab mob - tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, qhua pias, thiab rubella.
Tseem muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv xwm txheej ceev yog tias muaj kev sib cuag ntawm tus menyuam yaus nrog tus neeg mob lossis thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv tau muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Single: los ntawm mumps (Russia); Tshuaj tiv thaiv Fab Kis "Imovax Orion"
- Joint: mumps-measles (Russia); triple - qhua pias, rubella, mumps (UK, Holland, USA, Fabkis).
Cov kev npaj no muaj tus kab mob nyob tab sis tsis muaj zog mumps.
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas? Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos tsis tau txhaj tshuaj. Lawv tsis raug mob, vim lawv tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm lawv niam. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom los yog nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg hniav nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, raws li zoo raws li intramuscularly. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav luag 100% zoo.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Yog hais tias tus me nyuam tsis haum, ces txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog contraindicated rau nws! Nws muaj nqaij qaib protein keeb kwm.
Tetanus
Kev txhaj tshuaj yog suav tias yog txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo. Muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv xwm txheej ceev thiab niaj hnub. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv ua raws li kev npaj, raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub txhaj tshuaj. Thiab tom qab ntawd - rau cov menyuam yaus uas raug mob lossis ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas.
Tus kab mob pib nrog cov leeg nqaij muaj zog. Thiab nyuaj rau nqos. Txog niaj hnub no, tetanus bacillus muaj ntau heev. Feem ntau hauv cov quav tsiaj. Cov niam txiv, ua ntej tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, yuav tsum xav txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam thiab txog cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum kis tus kab mob, tag nrho lub hauv paus paj hlwb puas lawm. Hauv qhov no, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab hnoos hawb pob tam sim ntawd. Nws hu ua AKDS. Thawj zaug nws ua tiav ntawm peb lub hlis. Qhov thib ob - ntawm plaub lossis tsib. Thiab qhov thib peb - ntawm rau. Revaccination yog ua nyob rau hauv ib xyoos thiab ib nrab. Tus me nyuam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DPT tsis muaj teeb meem, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis kam lees.
YHemophilus influenzae
Hemophilus influenzae yog ib yam kab mob sib kis, tus kab mob ua rau yog Haemophilus influenzae. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 1 xyoos.
Tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb, purulent cellulitis, mob ua pa kab mob, hemophilic meningitis, otitis media, teeb meem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm plawv, mob caj dab, kab mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam. Raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj ntawm Lavxias Federation, kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj. yuav tsum tau ua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3, 4, 5 thiab 6 lub hlis. Revaccination - ntawm 1.5 xyoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua nyob rau tib hnub raws li kev txhaj tshuaj DTP, uas tau muab rau cov menyuam peb zaug.
Peb koob tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov noHom kab mob:
- "Act-HIB";
- "Hiberix";
- "Pentaxim".
Contraindications:
- ua xua rau tetanus toxoid;
- kab mob hnyav lossis mob ntev;
- txhawj xeeb;
- ncephalopathy.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo:
- menyuam kub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- qhov chaw o hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
sijhawm txhaj tshuaj
| hnub nyoog | Tshuaj tiv thaiv |
| Thawj hnub | tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B |
| ib lub lim tiam | tuberculosis |
| Ib hlis | Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B Booster |
| ob hlis | Kev tswj hwm tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal |
| Peb hlis | DTP txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau menyuam yaus (diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob, tetanus), polio. |
| Plaub Hlis ib nrab | Rov ua tib yam li lub hlis thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm lub neej |
| Ib nrab xyoo | Rov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B, DTP, polio |
| -Mumps, Me Nyuam Mos Hlab thiab Rubella. |
Kev nyuaj siab
Cov menyuam yaus, tawm hauv tsev menyuam, ntsib ntau yam kab mob, kab mob, kab mob, kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj los tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub cev me me los ntawm ntau hom kab mob thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis qee zaum nws tshwm sim tias tus menyuam lub cevtau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis kam lees nws, thiab muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, xws li:
- nce toj hauv zos thiab qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau menyuam yaus.
- Kev ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab ntawm tus menyuam.
- Insomnia.
- Hyperemia (redness).
- Abscess (purulent o).
- Kev ua xua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob khaus, liab.
- Polio (CNS Kab Mob).
- Tsis muaj zaub mov.
- Txhawj xeeb.
- Quicke's edema (o ntawm daim tawv nqaij).
- raum tsis ua haujlwm.
- Kev cuam tshuam tom qab tso tsis raug.
- Post-vaccination encephalitis (mob hlwb).
Vim cov teeb meem no tsis tshua muaj, koj tsis tas yuav txhawj txog qhov tshwm sim rau koj tus menyuam. Tab sis nyob rau thawj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws raug nquahu kom hu rau tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus. Nov yog cov npe tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dab tsi rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos. Raws li cov niam txiv thov, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob sib kis.
