Abducens paj hlwb: piav qhia, lub cev, lub luag haujlwm thiab nta

Cov txheej txheem:

Abducens paj hlwb: piav qhia, lub cev, lub luag haujlwm thiab nta
Abducens paj hlwb: piav qhia, lub cev, lub luag haujlwm thiab nta

Video: Abducens paj hlwb: piav qhia, lub cev, lub luag haujlwm thiab nta

Video: Abducens paj hlwb: piav qhia, lub cev, lub luag haujlwm thiab nta
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Cov paj hlwb abducens yog hais txog cov cuab yeej uas tswj qhov muag txav. Nws lub luag haujlwm tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb li oculomotor, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lub peev xwm pom tau ploj mus rau qee qhov. Kev pom zoo txav ntawm lub qhov muag yuav tsum muaj rau cov leeg, uas yog innervated los ntawm peb lub paj hlwb.

Anatomy

abducens hlab ntsha
abducens hlab ntsha

Cov paj hlwb abducens hais txog lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntshiab. Nws pib nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, uas nyob rau hauv lub midbrain. Nws cov fibers los ntawm tus choj nqis mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab txav mus ntxiv raws li qhov zawj ntawm cov pons thiab cov pyramids nyob hauv medulla oblongata.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nucleus dhau los ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb thiab xaus rau hauv lub qhov ntswg. Nyob ntawd, cov fibers yog nyob sab nraud ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid. Tom qab cov hlab ntsha tau tawm ntawm qhov sinus, nws nkag mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws orbital fissure thiab thaum kawg nkag mus rau lub orbit. Cov hlab ntsha abducens innervates nkaus xwb ib leeg - lub lateral direct.

Function

abducens paj hlwb ntawm lub qhov muag
abducens paj hlwb ntawm lub qhov muag

Cov hlab ntsha abducens muab qhov ua haujlwm nkaus xwb uas cov leeg nqaij nws ua haujlwm, uas yog, nws siv lub qhov muag sab nraud. Qhov no tso cai rau koj saib ib ncigtig taub hau. Thiab cov leeg no yog ib qho antagonist ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub qhov muag, uas rub lub pob muag mus rau qhov chaw, ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Lawv ib leeg tso tseg.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ib tus ntawm lawv raug cuam tshuam, sib koom ua ke lossis sib txawv strabismus tau pom, vim tias cov leeg nqaij noj qab haus huv yuav ua tus thawj coj thiab, cog lus, tig lub pob muag mus rau nws txoj kev. Lub paj hlwb abducens yog khub, yog li tus phooj ywg lub qhov muag txav thiab pom lub ntsej muag tau muab.

Kev Tshawb Fawb

abducens paj hlwb raug mob
abducens paj hlwb raug mob

Nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov hlab ntsha abducens thiab nws txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib cais ntawm theem tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, neuropathologists thiab ophthalmologists tshuaj xyuas tag nrho peb cov hlab ntsha ib zaug: oculomotor, abducens, thiab trochlear. Qhov no muab ib daim duab tiav ntawm qhov swb.

Pib, raws li txoj cai, nrog kev tsis txaus siab ntawm ob lub zeem muag, uas nce ntxiv thaum saib ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev kuaj pom ntawm tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag txhawm rau txiav txim siab nws qhov sib luag, muaj qhov o, liab thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Tom qab ntawd, ob lub qhov muag raug tshuaj xyuas nyias rau protrusion los yog retraction ntawm lub qhov muag, poob ntawm daim tawv muag sab sauv.

Nco ntsoov sib piv qhov dav ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb (tus phooj ywg lossis tsis yog), kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev pabcuam. Convergence yog lub peev xwm los tsom mus rau qhov chaw nyob ze. Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas nws, xaum lossis rauj raug coj mus rau tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Feem ntau, cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum nqaim. Txoj kev kawm ntawm kev pab yog nqa tawm rau txhua qhov muag sib cais, tab sisnyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tiav txheej txheem, nws zoo li ib tug convergence check.

Tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov kev siv ua ntej no nws tau kuaj xyuas yog tias tus neeg mob muaj strabismus. Thiab yog tias muaj, qhov twg. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg raug hais kom ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub paj hlwb malleus nrog nws ob lub qhov muag. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag. Los ntawm kev txav lub rauj mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev pom thiab tuav nws hauv txoj haujlwm no, tus kws kho mob provokes cov tsos ntawm kab rov tav nystagmus. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob muaj ib tug pathology ntawm cov leeg nqaij apparatus ntawm lub qhov muag, ces pathological nystagmus (me kab rov tav los yog ntsug qhov muag txav) yuav tsis siv sij hawm ntev.

Ntxhais paj hlwb raug mob

abducens neuropathy
abducens neuropathy

Raws li twb paub lawm, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub qhov muag yog lub luag haujlwm tig lub pob muag tawm sab nraud ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov hlab ntsha ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub qhov quav. Qhov no ua rau convergent strabismus vim qhov tseeb tias cov leeg sab hauv rub ntawm lub qhov muag. Clinically, qhov no ua rau ob lub zeem muag, lossis kev tshawb fawb, diplopia. Yog tias tus neeg mob sim saib ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, ces qhov tsos mob no hnyav zuj zus.

Qee zaum muaj lwm yam tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, kiv taub hau, impaired gait thiab orientation nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Yuav kom pom ib txwm, cov neeg mob feem ntau npog qhov muag mob. Kev swb ntawm cov hlab ntsha abducens nkaus xwb yog qhov tsawg heev, raws li txoj cai, nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke.

Nuclear thiab peripheral paralysis

abducens paresis
abducens paresis

Afferent neuropathypaj hlwb nyob rau hauv nws peripheral ib feem yog pom nyob rau hauv meningitis, o ntawm lub paranasal sinuses, thrombosis ntawm lub cavernous sinus, aneurysms ntawm lub intracranial ntu ntawm lub carotid hlab ntsha los yog posterior sib txuas hlab ntsha, tawg ntawm lub hauv paus pob txha taub hau los yog orbit, hlav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj lom ntawm botulism thiab kab mob diphtheria tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb puas, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha cranial. Peripheral paralysis ntawm cov hlab ntsha abducens kuj ua tau nrog mastoiditis. Cov neeg mob muaj Gradenigo's syndrome: paresis ntawm cov hlab ntsha abducens ntawm lub qhov muag, ua ke nrog kev mob ntawm qhov chaw tawm ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm cov hlab ntsha trigeminal.

Feem ntau, cov teeb meem nuclear tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm encephalitis, neurosyphilis, ntau yam sclerosis, hemorrhages, qog lossis mob ntev ntawm lub paj hlwb. Txij li thaum lub abducens thiab cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsej muag nyob ze, qhov swb ntawm ib qho ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze. Lub npe hu ua Fauville alternating syndrome tshwm sim (paresis ntawm ib feem ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm sab cuam tshuam thiab txo qis hauv ib nrab ntawm lub cev ntawm sab nraud).

Bilateral swb

Paresis ntawm cov hlab ntsha abducens ntawm ob sab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke strabismus. Qhov mob no tshwm sim feem ntau nrog nce intracranial siab. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov kua cerebrospinal ntau dhau lawm, ces lub paj hlwb dislocation tuaj yeem pom, uas yog, nias cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb tawm tsam txoj kab nqes ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pob txha taub hau. Nrog xws li kev txhim kho ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov hlab ntsha abducens tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem yooj yim. Lawv tsuas nyob hauv qhov chaw no mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub hlwb thiab xyaum tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm dab tsi.

Muaj lwm lub hlwb dislocation uasNws tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob zoo sib xws:

- indentation ntawm cov tonsils rau hauv occipitocervical funnel ntawm dura mater;- herniation ntawm lub cerebellum rau hauv lub medullary sail thiab lwm yam.

Lawv tsis sib haum nrog lub neej, yog li muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha abducens yog ib qho kev tshawb pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij sab nraud yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm myasthenia gravis.

Pom zoo: