Oxygen thiab cov as-ham yog nqa los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau hauv nruab nrog cev. Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog nyias thiab thaum lawv nyem, cov ntshav ntws qeeb. Nws tshwm sim tias ib tug neeg tsis txav mus rau ntau tshaj ob teev. Hauv qhov no, cov ntshav ntws nres tag nrho. Cov txheej txheem no provokes qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nqaij mos necrosis.
Yog tias koj tsis siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus, ces necrosis yuav cuam tshuam rau cov leeg nqaij thiab pob txha hauv txhua txheej. Qhov degree ntawm necrosis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Muaj plaub theem ntawm kev swb tag nrho.
Qhov twg ntawm lub cev raug cuam tshuam ntau tshaj?
Qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij necrosis ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev coj mus.
Decubitus rwj feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no ntawm lub cev:
- Lub nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau, lub xub pwg hniav, sacrum thiab pob taws. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob pw ntawm nws nraub qaum.
- Qhov chaw flexion ntawm caj dab li daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov chaw no nyias.
- Qab pob taws thaum tus neeg mob nyob ntawm nws sab.
Yuav pab li cas rau qhov no thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev puas tsuaj tob? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov ua rau ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological,ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov xwm txheej, thiab, tau kawg, xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb (cov tshuaj pleev, cream, gels, hnav khaub ncaws) uas pab txhawb kev saib xyuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg mob.
Degrees ntawm necrosis
- First degree. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis redness tsis cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tom qab lub teeb zaws lossis qhov hloov ntawm lub cev, nws dhau mus.
- Second degree. Nrog nws, redness yog sau tseg, uas tsis ploj mus txawm tias tom qab hloov txoj hauj lwm. Tej zaum qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob rwj, hlwv, erosions, vesicles, superficial growths. Cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij puas lawm.
- Qhov thib peb yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij sib sib zog nqus. Nyob rau theem no, txhua txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog o. Cov theem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm o, rwj nrog kev nyuaj siab thiab khaus liab. Cov kab mob tau sau nrog cov ntsiab lus daj lossis liab granulation. Qhov txhab nthuav tawm qhov tsw tsw qab.
- Qib plaub yog thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuag nrog ntau cov kab mob uas muaj cov tawv nqaij dub.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqaij mos necrosis suav nrog:
- nyob ntev ntawm tus neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw dag (cov neeg mob uas tau mob stroke, plawv nres, raug mob qaum, thiab lwm yam);
- tso zis thiab quav quav;
- ntxhis heev;
- npuag thiab damp;
- tawv nqaij tsis huv;
- muaj quav hauv daim ntawv, khawm ntawm khaub ncaws, crumbs hauv txaj;
- kab mob plawv thiab plawv;
- qab zib muajdiabetes.
Ib tus lej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm necrosis suav nrog:
- Kev saib tsis taus cov neeg mob txaj txaj.
- Quick flip.
- Kev hloov tsis tu ncua ntawm linen.
- Squeezing daim tawv nqaij nrog ib lub nkoj, thaum lub sij hawm uas qhov tsawg tshaj plaws capillaries tawg. Cov ntshav ntws mus rau thaj chaw no cuam tshuam loj heev.
Cov tshuaj Antidecubitus hauv cov khw muag tshuaj Mogilev yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom tshuaj pleev, hnav khaub ncaws thiab tshuaj pleev rau cov neeg mob uas muaj mob hauv txaj. Txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm nres cov txheej txheem ntawm necrosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo ntawm tus neeg mob.
Decubitus Tiv Thaiv Basics
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas tus neeg mob pw hauv txaj yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij necrosis. Kev mob siab ua rau tus neeg mob thiab kho tau nyuaj heev. Nws yog ib txwm yooj yim dua los ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv dua li ua rau tus neeg hlub ua rau muaj kev txom nyem zoo kawg thiab kev kho mob ntev.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm necrosis suav nrog ntau yam haujlwm uas tseem tab tom ua. Ib txoj cai tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau hais txog: ceev faj saib xyuas tus neeg mob daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum suav nrog kev txhuam thiab ntxuav txhua hnub.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Mob Siab
Rau lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus hauv qab no:
- tshuaj pleev;
- gels;
- bandages;
- puag;
- pillows;
- inflatableroj hmab voj voog;
- quartz-raws li irradiators.
Kev Kho Mob Decubitus
Cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm qib thawj thiab qib thib ob tuaj yeem kho tau hauv tsev nrog kev pab cuam xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus, thiab kev kho mob yuav siv sijhawm ntev. Tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog tsim nyog. Bedsores ntawm qib peb thiab qib plaub raug tshem tawm hauv tsev kho mob nkaus xwb.
Kho rau daim tawv nqaij necrosis suav nrog ob kauj ruam:
- kev kho cov ntshav ntws hauv thaj chaw puas;
- ntxuav qhov txhab los ntawm cov kua paug thiab necrotic inclusions.
Txhim kho cov ntshav ncig yog ua tau nrog kev pab ntawm lub txaj, zaws, hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev.
Kev hnav khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb yog muab rau kev ntxuav cov qhov txhab necrotic thiab lawv cov kev tsim dua tshiab.
Los ntawm hom kev cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw puas, hnav khaub ncaws los ntawm cov txaj txaj feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Kev ntxuav. Lawv rub tawm cov kua paug thiab exudate.
- Nyob zoo. Cov nyiaj no txhawb kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg.
Kev faib yog raws li txoj cai, vim tias txhua qhov hnav khaub ncaws pab ntxuav thiab ua kom lub cev rov ua kom tawv nqaij.
Decubitus hnav khaub ncaws tuaj txawv duab:
- Antidecubitus cov khoom siv tu cev uas siv los tiv thaiv necrosis hauv cov chaw nkag tau yooj yim ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hauv daim duab square lossis duab plaub yog siv.
- Bandages tsim los kho cov sacrum. Lawv zoo li tus npauj npaim lossis lub siab.
- Cov khoom lag luam txhawm rau tshem tawm cov pob khaus ntawm pob taws. Ib daim ntaub qhwv uas muaj cov duab ntawm npauj npaim lossis trefoil.
Necrosis Cleansing Bandages
Cov qauv siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws hnyav yog cov khoom siv ua kom huv. Txog niaj hnub no, kev siv "Hydrocol", "Hydrosorb", "TenderVet Activity" muaj kev ua haujlwm siab.
Cov ntaub qhwv "Hydrocoll" yog siv rau thaj tsam cuam tshuam rau 3-8 hnub. Nws pab ntxuav lub qhov txhab, nqus cov ntsiab lus purulent, tig mus rau hauv lub xeev zoo li gel.
Hydrosorb hnav khaub ncaws txhawb kev tsim cov chaw ntub dej hauv qhov txhab, txhawb kev tsis lees paub cov ntaub so ntswg tuag thiab nws kho.
TenderVet's "Kev Ua Haujlwm" hnav khaub ncaws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub mos muag. Lawv impregnated nrog Ringer's raster, uas tsim cov nyhuv ntawm kev ntxuav lub qhov txhab tas li thaum nruab hnub. Lawv tsis lees txais cov ntaub so ntswg necrotic thiab txhawb kev tsim kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij puas.
Txhim kho thiab rub cov khaub ncaws rau qhov txhab tob
Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus? Hom xam rau qhov tob bedsores nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm exudate thiab kua paug muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm lawv, Sorbalgon thiab PermaForm yuav tsum raug sau tseg.
Lub hauv paus ntawm "Sorbalgon" yog cov khoom tsis muaj menyuam uas tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw pw tsaug zog. Cov khoom txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm cov kua paug, ntxuav cov hauv qab ntawm qhov txhab, raug nthuav tawmhardening, thiab ces yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov txhab. Yog tias lub txaj mob hauv qab yog huv si, ces cov khoom siv paj rwb yuav siv cov gel, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ntws tawm ntawm nws tus kheej.
Cov ntaub qhwv "Permaform" yog daim txhuam cev raws li matrix. Nws kuj absorbs kua paug thiab exudate. Tshem tawm yam tsis muaj mob. Tawm hauv qab ib puag ncig uas tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ntawm necrosis.
Means for kho
Kev hnav khaub ncaws ntau tshaj plaws suav nrog "Atrauman" thiab "Branolind". Cov yam ntxwv dab tsi ua cov khoom tiv thaiv decubitus muaj?
Lub "Atrauman" headband muaj lub hauv paus mesh. Nws yog them nrog txheej thinnest ntawm cov nyiaj thiab hydrophilic tshuaj pleev. Cov cuab yeej muaj cov kab mob bactericidal, muab tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm lub qhov txhab thiab txhawb kev tsim kho sai ntawm thaj chaw puas.
Cov ntaub qhwv "Branolind" kuj muaj cov mesh uas yog impregnated nrog Peruvian balsam. Cov khoom muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kho kom zoo.
YGel Review
Antidecubitus tus neeg sawv cev yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau ntu ntawm ntau yam gels. Ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce siv los kho cov tawv nqaij necrosis, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau sau tseg:
- Gel "Argosulfan". Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yog sulfathiazole. Nws inhibits kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Cov excipients yog nyiaj ions. Lawv txhim khu kev kho cov nyhuv ntawm sulfatisol, thiab tseem pab inhibit kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob flora. Hydrophilic puagtxhais tau tias muaj cov nyhuv analgesic, moisturizes lub qhov txhab thiab accelerates tus txheej txheem ntawm nws regeneration. Lub concentration ntawm cream puag tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Kev kho mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nrog Argosulfan cream tuaj yeem nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev qhib lossis siv ua ke nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws occlusive. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob nrog lub thickness ntawm 2-3 mm ob los yog peb zaug ib hnub twg. Lub sijhawm kho yog 2 lub hlis. Cov cuab yeej siv txhua hnub. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus xws li "Sulfargin" thiab "Dermazin" muaj cov nyhuv zoo sib xws.
- Cream "Iruksol". Cov khoom xyaw muaj xws li collagenase chloramphenicol thiab lwm yam enzymes. Tus neeg sawv cev enzymatic muab kev ntxuav ntawm bedsores, tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam los ntawm necrosis, deprives cov kab mob ntawm cov as-ham nruab nrab, thiab muaj cov nyhuv antibacterial. Cov tshuaj nplaum yog siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Ointment "Levosin V". Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj yog chloramphenicol, uas muaj cov nyhuv antimicrobial. Kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej yog sulfadimethoxine, uas txhawb kev kho qhov txhab, methyluracil thiab tshuaj loog hauv zos trimecaine. Cov tshuaj pleev muaj cov nyhuv kho sai. Nws pab ntxuav lub txaj los ntawm cov kua paug thiab exudate, nrog rau kho qhov chaw cuam tshuam. Siv tau txhua hnub. Nws yog siv rau lub disinfected nto thiab npog nrog ib daim ntaub qhwv. Tej zaum nws qhov kev taw qhia rau hauv kab noj hniav nrog cov kua paug los ntawm ib lub syringe.
- Means "Levomekol". Sib nrug los ntawmMethyluracil muaj chloramphenicol. Cov tshuaj no txhawb kev kho qhov txhab. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm bedsores thiab kab mob, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub purulent theem ntawm cov txheej txheem necrotic.
- YMetronidazole cream. Nws lub hauv paus yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov gel yog siv nrog cov khoom hnav thiab pab tshem tawm tsw ntawm qhov txhab. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm bedsores nrog copious secretions ntawm cov kua ntswg los yog exudate, bandages raws li ua npuas ncauj nrog metronidazole yog siv. Rau cov txaj txaj qhuav, siv hydrogel hnav khaub ncaws.
- Y Hydrogel "Intrasite" muab cov tawv nqaij ntxuav cov ntaub so ntswg, maj mam saib xyuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lub hydrogel yog siv nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws sab nraud, qhov ntau zaus nyob ntawm qhov mob ntawm qhov txhab. Cov cuab yeej muab kev ntxuav sai ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, vim nws cov exudate thiab cov kua paug tawm. "Intrasite" yog cov ntshiab amorphous gel, uas suav nrog dej, propylene glycol thiab hloov pauv carboxymethylcellulose polymer.
Tshuaj kho mob rau bedsores ntawm pob taws
tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus rau pob taws tau nthuav tawm ntau yam. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom Komfil yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog tshwj xeeb "pob ntseg" kho ntawm ceg. Lub cushion muaj ib puag ncig ergonomic zoo uas ua raws li cov contours ntawm pob taws. Nws yog siv los kho qhov txhab huv ntawm pob taws yam tsis muaj tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob necrosis.
Cov khoom lag luam ua haujlwm tiv thaiv zoo rau cov ntaub so ntswg,nrog rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob thib ob. Nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm qhov txhab, kev siv 2-5 hnav khaub ncaws raug pom zoo. Lub sijhawm raug mob yog 2-5 hnub.
Yog tias lub qhov txhab muaj necrosis exudate los yog kua paug, ces siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus rau pob taws los pab ntxuav lub qhov txhab thiab nres cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Proteox-TM yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm lawv. Cov khoom txhawb kev kho sai ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Qhov zoo ntawm "Comfil Plus" bandage nrog lub voj voog sib tshooj
Comfil Plus headband yog tus qauv txhim kho. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tshwj xeeb backing rings. Lawv nyob rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm cov khoom, tshem tawm ib qho los ntawm ib qho, pib ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws.
Txhawm rau xaiv qhov loj me, qhov tshwj xeeb elastic "pob ntseg" tau muab, tso cai rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub qhwv hauv pob taws. Cov cuab yeej muab kev kho mob sai sai, ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg rov ua dua, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob thib ob rau hauv qhov mob. Ib qho hnav khaub ncaws yog txaus rau 2-6 hnub. Kev hloov tsis tu ncua yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob nrawm nrog rau kev nplij siab rau tus neeg mob.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntaub qhwv:
- cov khoom muaj softness thiab elasticity;
- pab tau mob;
- paj ntaub xaus thiab cov ntaub so ntswg mob tau zoo tiv thaiv nrog absorbent gel;
- bandage tsis ua rau raug mob, tsis ua mob thaum hloov, tsis ua xua;
- txhim khu kev qha fixation ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm ib tug nplaum ntug tsis muajmuaj kev hnav khaub ncaws ntxiv.
Ua ntej siv cov ntaub qhwv, nws raug nquahu kom tua kab mob ntawm pob taws. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kev kho mob xws li "Furacilin" lossis "Rivanol" tuaj yeem siv. Daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm qhov txhab qhuav tawm. Qhov loj ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws yuav tsum yog 2 cm loj dua qhov loj ntawm lub qhov txhab. Cov ntaub qhwv yog siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob thiab tsau rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv los ntawm "pob ntseg". Cov rings raug tshem tawm kom txog thaum cov khoom tsis thauj khoom ntawm pob taws. Raws li cov kua paug thiab exudate absorbed, hnav khaub ncaws hloov xim. Nws ua pob tshab. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv.
Anti-decubitus agents (bandages) tsis yog siv rau qhov tob hauv txaj nrog qhov txhab thiab lub hnab ntim qhov txhab. Tsis tas li siv rau hauv kev kis kab mob necrosis.
Tshuaj xyuas txog cov tshuaj niaj hnub no rau bedsores
Anti-decubitus cov neeg ua haujlwm (creams, gels, hnav khaub ncaws), raws li ntau tus, muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txwv cov txheej txheem necrotic ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim heev. Tsis txhob ua rau tsis xis nyob rau tus neeg mob. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws lawv tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm theem 1 lossis theem 2.
tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus, tshuaj xyuas qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txo qhov o thiab mob, tshem tawm cov exudate thiab kua paug los ntawm qhov mob siab, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev kis kab mob thib ob.
YFolk recipes rau bedsores
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj uas muaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, muaj ntau yamzaub mov siv los ntawm cov neeg. Lawv ua raws li cov khoom xyaw ntuj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab soothing ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv decubitus koj tus kheej? Folk recipes txawv.
Cov hauv qab no yog qee qhov feem ntau:
5 tee ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj myrrh, chamomile thiab tshuaj yej tsob ntoo muab tso rau hauv ib lub khob tais. Ntxiv 2 tbsp rau qhov sib tov. l. jojoba roj thiab 12 tee ntawm lavender roj. Cov sib tov sib xyaw kom huv si thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus. Cov tshuaj yog dripped 2-6 tee ntawm lub qhov txhab, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog ib daim ntaub qhuav. Nws raug nquahu kom thov ob zaug ib hnub. Cov khoom yog shaken ua ntej siv. Xws li ib daim ntawv qhia tuaj yeem txo qhov mob, tshem tawm kev kis kab mob, o thiab tsw ntxhiab tsw los ntawm necrosis.
Daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no muab cov tawv nqaij zoo nkauj thiab tshiab. Noj 100 g ntawm camphor cawv thiab tshuaj zawv plaub hau rau menyuam yaus. Cov khoom sib xyaw kom zoo. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke so cov qhov txhab.
Tshuaj pleev raws li paj calendula. Koj yuav tsum noj 20 g ntawm qhuav paj thiab grind lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kas fes grinder. 50 g ntawm vaseline yog ntxiv rau hmoov. Txhua yam yog sib xyaw kom zoo. Cov sib tov yog siv rau lub qhov txhab 2-3 zaug ib hnub twg.
Cov tshuaj hauv qab no txo qhov mob thiab o, tshem tawm cov txheej txheem sib kis hauv necrosis. Koj yuav tsum noj 100 g ntawm sunflower roj thiab ntxiv 30 g ntawm beeswax rau nws. Txhua yam yog sib xyaw kom huv si thiab txias. Cov tshuaj pleev yog siv rau qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Daim ntawv qhia no yooj yim thiab siv tau. Ob tug yuav tsum tau crusheddos taub hau, ntxiv rau lub resulting loj 2 tbsp. l. zaub roj. Cov dos yog boiled nyob rau hauv ib lub tais enamel rau 20 feeb, ces lim los ntawm ib tug colander. Hauv cov roj ntxiv, yaj 1/4 ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tswm ciab. Nrog rau cov tshuaj pleev no, necrosis yog lubricated ob zaug ib hnub. Cov sib tov yog muab cia rau hauv ib lub thawv kaw hauv lub tub yees.
Zoo kawg
Decubitus ulcer yog ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov txheej txheem yog provoked los ntawm squeezing lub capillaries. Feem ntau, pathology yog pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob bedridden. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm necrosis, nws raug nquahu kom siv kev tiv thaiv. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog kev ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyiam huv.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm pathology, nws muaj peev xwm muab kev pab rau tus neeg mob hauv tsev tsuas yog nyob rau theem pib. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv decubitus (ointments, hnav khaub ncaws, cream thiab gels) yog siv uas muaj cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no muaj kev ua tau zoo.
Nyob rau theem kawg, necrosis nyuaj kho, vim tias cov txheej txheem nkag mus tob. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob xav tau kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob.
