Antitumor kev ua haujlwm yog muaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim los ntawm ntau yam actinomycetes. Ib qho piv txwv yog Olivomycin, nrog rau Rufocromomycin, Reumycin, thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham ntau ntxiv txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob antitumor thiab nrhiav seb lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog dab tsi.
Mechanism of action
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog lub peev xwm los tsim ib qho irreversible complex nrog DNA tom qab intracellular activation ntawm antitumor tshuaj tua kab mob, uas ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws matrix functions, uas yog, mus cuam tshuam ntawm RNA synthesis nyob rau hauv cov qog hlwb.
Cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no sawv tawm.
- Cov tshuaj no txawv ntawm qhov lawv ib txhij muaj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav kuj yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua ke thiab ua ke nrog alkylating anticancer tshuaj thiab nrogsuav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolite.
- Cov tshuaj suav hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom kho mob no yog txhua yam hemoblastoses thiab cov qog nqaij hlav tseeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm li cas tsis paub meej rau txhua tus.
Cardiotoxicity yog ib qho kev mob tshwm sim rau pawg no.
Tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yog ua raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag alkaloids los thaiv cov cell mitosis ntawm theem metaphase. Yog li, cov tshuaj no muaj cov nyhuv antimitotic. Piv txwv suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab no.
- kho mob "Kolhamin". Vim lub fact tias cov cuab yeej no yog characterized los ntawm hnyav toxicity, nws tsuas yog siv externally nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer, thaum metastases tseem tsis tuaj.
- Tshuaj "Vinblastine" thiab "Vincristine". Lawv yog siv rau hemoblastosis, uas yog, rau myelosarcoma thiab mob leukemia, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tseeb, piv txwv li, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm mob cancer ntawm lub mis, uterine chorionepithelioma, thiab lwm yam.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim, ib yam li contraindications rau cov tshuaj no, yog tib yam.
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob enzyme
L-asparaginase yog muab los ntawm Escherichia coli. L-asparaginase tuaj yeem rhuav tshem asparagine, vim yogCov qog hlwb no tsis tuaj yeem tsim DNA thiab RNA. Yog li, lub npe hu ua antitumor nyhuv yog tiav.
Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob antitumor ntawm cov koob no yog qhov muaj cov kab mob qog ntshav qog ntshav thiab lymphosarcoma. Contraindications suav nrog muaj cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb nrog rau kev puas hlwb.
Side Effects
Cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob enzyme suav nrog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj mus txog qhov pib ntawm anaphylactic shock hauv tus neeg mob;
- tshwm sim ntawm anorexia thiab poob phaus;
- txhim kho kev nyuaj siab thiab hyperglycemia.
tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal-based
Cov tshuaj no yog siv thaum tus neeg mob muaj qhov hu ua qog noj ntshav, uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm hormonal imbalance hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv tib neeg lub cev. Ntawm lwm yam, lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qog hlwb.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv qhov kev teem caij yog dab tsi?
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sau tshuaj rau cov neeg mob feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no:
- ntsuas cov tshuaj hormone imbalances;
- Muab cov nyhuv cytostatic.
Raws li piv txwv ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo li no, nws tsim nyog muab lawv siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog tshuaj hu ua"Phosfestrol". Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kua qaub phosphatase, cov khoom kho mob no hloov mus rau hauv diethylstilbestrol, uas muaj ib tug ncaj qha cytostatic nyhuv.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob Antineoplastic: cov npe tshuaj
Cia peb teev cov npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv tau zoo ntawm pawg no:
- "Dactinomycin";
- YMitomycin;
- "Daunorubicin";
- "Doxorubicin";
- Idarubicin;
- Karubitsin;
- "Epirubicin";
- Rubomycin;
- Idarubicin.
thawj cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog cov khoom kho mob hu ua Dactinomycin. Cov tshuaj no tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1963. Tom qab ntawd, ua tsaug rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv khib nyiab microbial, ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob chemotherapeutic tau tshawb pom. Cov tshuaj no yog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov av fungi lossis lawv cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Tam sim no, ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob antitumor, cov tshuaj hauv qab no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov siv tau ntau tshaj plaws.
- Ib pawg ntawm anthracyclines, uas yog cov tshuaj anthraquinone.
- Ib tshuaj hu ua Bleomycin, uas cuam tshuam nrog phleomycins.
- Dactinomycin tshuaj ua raws li actinomycin.
- Ib tshuaj hu ua "Mitomycin", uas yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob antitumor (daim duab hauv qab), uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm alkylating.
qeb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob anthracycline yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub no. Ntawm lawv, nws tsim nyog sau cov tshuaj Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Carubicin thiab Epirubicin.
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob anthracycline yog tetrahydrotetracenquinone chromophore, uas muaj peb lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, nrog rau lub voj voog rau aliphatic. Raws li rau cov yam ntxwv tshuaj, lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv chromophore, thiab ntxiv rau, los ntawm muaj cov piam thaj residue.
Anthracyclines ntsig txog rubicine series
Qhov kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws, thiab tib lub sijhawm zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, yog cov tshuaj anthracyclines uas yog cov rubicine series.
- Cov tshuaj "Rubomycin" yog ib qho tshuaj muaj zog, tom qab kev qhia ntawm tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tsim granulocytopenia lossis thrombocytopenia. Hauv qhov no, kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb hauv kev tswj hwm cov ntshav tsis zoo. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej kev qhia txog cov tshuaj no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab thiab lub plawv, nrog rau lub raum, raug soj ntsuam. Tom qab thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj, theem ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav txo qis hauv cov neeg mob.
- Tshuaj "Idarubicin". Qhov cuam tshuam, ib yam li cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj no, yog ze rau cov tshuaj "Rubomycin". Feem ntau xyaum siv "Idarubicin" nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm mob leukemia. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm capsules npaj rausiv qhov ncauj. Ib qho tshuaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj txhaj tshuaj kuj raug tsim. Cov tshuaj "Idarubicin" nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm mob leukemia yog muab rau cov neeg laus nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau xam los ntawm tus kws kho mob.
- Cov tshuaj "Doxorubicin" yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic. Vim nws cov toxicity siab, nws tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, vim tias cov tee ntawm cov khoom ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev.
Yog li, cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm cov npe saum toj no tau rov ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev kho mob yuav luag txhua tus qog nqaij hlav, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo feem ntau nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob.
