Bile yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev ua ntawm hepatocytes (lub siab hlwb). Ntau yam kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov kua tsib hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov yog tsis yooj yim sua. Muaj kev ua txhaum cai tsis yog tsuas yog cov txheej txheem digestion, tab sis kuj ntawm cov metabolism, yog tias muaj kev ua tsis tiav hauv nws cov khoom lossis nws cov kev hloov pauv.
kua tsib yog dab tsi?
Ntawm no yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua los ntawm lub siab. Nws yog siv tam sim ntawd los yog tso rau hauv lub gallbladder. Ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua roj ntsha lom neeg no tau sau tseg. Nws:
- pab nrog kev zom cov rog thiab lawv qhov nqus hauv cov hnyuv;
- tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov ntshav.
Lub cev muaj zog
Tib neeg cov kua tsib muaj xim daj daj, tig mus rau xim ntsuab-xim av (vim yog decomposition ntawm dyes). Nws yog pob tshab, ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm nws tau nyob hauv lub gallbladder. Nws muaj ib tug muaj zog iab saj, ib tug peculiar tsw thiabtom qab nyob hauv lub gallbladder muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkaline. Nws lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog kwv yees li 1005 hauv cov kua tsib, tab sis nws tuaj yeem nce mus rau 1030 tom qab nyob hauv lub gallbladder ntev, vim muaj cov hnoos qeev thiab qee cov khoom xyaw.
Cov ntsiab lus
Bile, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: dej (85%), kua tsib ntsev (10%), mucus thiab pigments (3%), rog (1%), inorganic ntsev (0.7%) %) thiab cov roj (cholesterol) (0.3%) yog khaws cia rau hauv lub gallbladder thiab tso tawm rau hauv cov hnyuv me los ntawm cov kua tsib tom qab noj mov.
Muaj kab mob siab thiab cystic bile, lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam, tab sis qhov concentration sib txawv. Thaum lub sijhawm kawm, cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau pom hauv nws:
- dej;
- bile acids thiab lawv cov ntsev;
- bilirubin;
- lecithin;
- sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium ions;
- bicarbonates.
cov cholesterol
Muaj 6 npaug ntawm cov kua tsib ntsev hauv lub gallbladder bile ntau dua li cov kab mob siab.
YBile acids
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua tsib feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm cov kua tsib acids. Cov synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj no yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj cholesterol catabolism hauv cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tib neeg. Qee cov enzymes koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov kua tsib acids ua haujlwm hauv ntau hom cell hauv lub cev, tab sis lub siab yog tib lub cev uas lawv hloov pauv tag nrho. Bile acids (lawv synthesis) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol ntau hauv lub cev.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev thim tawmCov roj (cholesterol) nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua tsib acids tsis txaus los ua kom tag nrho nws cov khoom noj ntau dhau. Txawm hais tias qhov tsim ntawm cov tshuaj no yog txoj hauv kev ua rau cov roj cholesterol catabolism, cov tshuaj no kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev solubilizing cov roj cholesterol, lipids, cov vitamins muaj roj thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb, yog li txhawb nqa lawv mus rau lub siab. Tag nrho lub voj voog ntawm cov kua tsib acid tsim yuav tsum muaj 17 tus neeg enzymes. Ntau cov kua tsib acids yog cov metabolites ntawm cov tshuaj cytotoxic, yog li lawv cov synthesis yuav tsum nruj tswj hwm. Qee qhov kev yug me nyuam hauv lawv cov metabolism yog vim qhov tsis xws ntawm cov noob lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov kua tsib acids, ua rau lub siab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus mob neuropathy.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov kua tsib acids koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm lawv tus kheej cov metabolism, tswj cov lipid metabolism thiab cov piam thaj metabolism, yog lub luag haujlwm tswj hwm ntau yam txheej txheem hauv daim siab rov tsim dua tshiab, thiab tseem tswj hwm tag nrho lub zog noj.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb
Bile muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog xws li hais tias nws tsis muaj enzymes, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam digestive kua txiv los ntawm lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Hloov chaw, nws feem ntau yog cov kua tsib ntsev thiab cov kua qaub uas tuaj yeem:
Emulsify cov rog thiab tawg rau hauv cov khoom me me
Pab lub cev nqus cov khoom tawg ntawm cov rog hauv cov hnyuv. Cov kua tsib ntsev khi rau lipids thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha
Lwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua tsib yog tias nws muaj cov qe ntshav liab puas lawm. Qhov no yog bilirubin, thiab feem ntau nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev kom tshem tawm cov laus cov qe ntshav liab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hemoglobin. Cov kua tsib kuj nqa cov roj cholesterol ntau dhau. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom ntawm daim siab tso tawm, tab sis kuj tshem tawm ntau yam tshuaj lom.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas?
Qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua tsib ua rau nws ua tau raws li surfactant, pab kom emulsify cov rog hauv cov zaub mov zoo ib yam li xab npum dissolves rog. Cov kua tsib ntsev muaj qhov hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic kawg. Thaum raug cov dej sib xyaw nrog cov roj hauv cov hnyuv, cov kua tsib ntsev sau nyob ib ncig ntawm cov roj ntsha thiab khi ob qho tib si dej thiab roj molecules. Qhov no ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov rog ntau ntxiv, tso cai rau kev nkag mus rau pancreatic enzymes uas zom cov rog ntau dua. Vim tias cov kua tsib txhim kho cov rog, nws pab txhawb kev nqus ntawm cov amino acids, roj cholesterol, calcium, thiab fat-soluble vitamins xws li D, E, K, thiab A.
Alkaline bile acids kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub ntau dhau ntawm cov hnyuv ua ntej nws nkag mus rau hauv ileum kawg ntawm txoj hnyuv. Cov kua tsib ntsev yog cov kab mob tua kab mob, tua ntau cov kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv cov zaub mov tuaj.
Cov kab mob siab (hepatocytes) tsim cov kua tsib, uas khaws thiab ntws mus rau hauv cov kua tsib. Los ntawm no, nws nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv me thiab tam sim ntawd pib ua cov rog los yog khaws cia hauv lub zais zis.
Lub siabtsim los ntawm 600 ml mus rau 1 liter ntawm cov kua tsib hauv 24 teev. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm cov kua tsib hloov thaum nws dhau los ntawm cov kua tsib. Lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm cov formations secretes dej, sodium thiab bicarbonates, yog li diluting lub siab zais cia. Cov tshuaj ntxiv no pab ua rau lub plab acid, uas nkag mus rau hauv duodenum nrog qee cov zaub mov digested (chyme) los ntawm lub plab.
bile cia
Lub siab pheej zais cov kua tsib: txog li 1 litre hauv 24-teev, tab sis feem ntau nws khaws cia rau hauv lub gallbladder. Lub cev hollow no concentrates nws los ntawm resorption ntawm dej, sodium, chlorine thiab lwm yam electrolytes rau hauv cov ntshav. Lwm yam khoom ntawm cov kua tsib, xws li kua tsib ntsev, roj cholesterol, lecithin, thiab bilirubin, tseem nyob hauv lub gallbladder.
Kev sib tw
Lub gallbladder concentrates cov kua tsib vim tias nws tuaj yeem khaws cov kua tsib ntsev thiab cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm cov kua dej uas ua los ntawm daim siab. Cov khoom xws li dej, sodium, chlorides thiab electrolytes ces diffuse los ntawm npuas.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tib neeg cov kua tsib hauv lub zais zis zoo ib yam li hauv daim siab, tab sis 5-20 npaug ntau dua. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov kua tsib lub zais zis feem ntau muaj cov kua tsib ntsev, thiab bilirubin, roj cholesterol, lecithin thiab lwm yam electrolytes tau nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav thaum lawv nyob hauv lub reservoir.
20-30 feeb tom qab noj mov, qee cov zaub mov digested nkag mus rau hauv duodenum los ntawm lub plab hauv daim ntawv ntawm chyme. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rog, hauv plab thiabNyob rau hauv lub duodenum nkoos lub gallbladder rau cog lus, uas yog vim li cas rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cholecystokinin. Lub gallbladder tshem tawm cov kua tsib thiab so lub sphincter ntawm Oddi, yog li tso cai rau nws nkag mus rau hauv duodenum.
Lwm qhov kev txhawb nqa rau lub zais zis contraction yog paj hlwb impulses los ntawm lub paj hlwb vagus thiab enteric paj hlwb. Secretin, uas nkoos pancreatic secretion, kuj txhim khu cov kua tsib secretion. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog ua kom cov dej tso tawm thiab sodium bicarbonate los ntawm cov kua tsib duct mucosa. Qhov kev daws teeb meem bicarbonate no, nrog rau pancreatic bicarbonate, yog xav tau los ua kom lub plab acid nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv.
bile muaj ntau yam tshuaj - proteins, amino acids, vitamins thiab lwm yam.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov kua tsib muaj ib tug neeg zoo thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog, nws txawv nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua tsib acids, kua tsib pigments thiab cholesterol.
Kev kho mob ntsig txog
Thaum tsis muaj cov kua tsib, cov rog dhau los ua tsis yooj yim thiab raug tshem tawm tsis hloov pauv hauv cov quav. Tus mob no hu ua steatorrhea. Cov quav, es tsis txhob ntawm cov yam ntxwv xim av, tig dawb los yog grey thiab ua greasy. Steatorrhea tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov as-ham: fatty acids thiab vitamins. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zaub mov dhau los ntawm cov hnyuv me (uas feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nqus cov rog los ntawm cov khoom noj) thiab hloov cov hnyuv. Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov rog tsis tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv loj, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau yam.
BCov kua tsib muaj xws li cov roj cholesterol, uas qee zaum compressed nrog bilirubin, calcium, tsim cov pob zeb. Cov pob zeb no feem ntau yog kho los ntawm kev tshem lub zais zis nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem raug diluted los ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm kev ua kom cov concentration ntawm cov kua tsib acids xws li chenodeoxycholic thiab ursodeoxycholic.
Ntawm lub plab khoob (tom qab ntuav ntuav, piv txwv li) xim ntawm ntuav yuav ntsuab lossis daj tsaus thiab iab. Qhov no yog kua tsib. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntuav yog feem ntau ntxiv nrog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm lub plab. Cov xim ntawm cov kua tsib feem ntau muab piv rau cov xim ntawm "freshly txiav nyom", nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub plab, uas tshwm greenish daj los yog tsaus daj. Cov kua tsib tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub plab los ntawm lub valve tsis muaj zog, qee yam tshuaj, cawv, lossis cov leeg nqaij muaj zog thiab duodenal spasms.
Bile study
Bile raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav cais. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, zoo, xim, ntom thiab acidity ntawm ntau yam tso cai rau peb los txiav txim txhaum cai nyob rau hauv synthesis thiab kev thauj mus los.
