Kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim di ncauj tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Yeej, nws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus uas nquag mus rau ntau yam neoplasms.
Ntawm txhua tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav, cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 60-70 feem ntau. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, lub cev tiv thaiv txo qis, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob
ICD code 10 rau malignant melanoma ntawm daim di ncauj - C43.0. Hauv qhov kev faib tawm no, muaj kev faib cov kab mob raws li qhov chaw ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim di ncauj (nto, liab ciam teb, thiab lwm yam). Yog li, ICD code 10 rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim di ncauj C00.1 - sab nrauv, ciam teb, thiab code C00.4 - sab hauv, frenulum, mucous membrane, buccal nto. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb thiab tsim cov metastases.
Raws li nws cov qauv, ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav neoplasm yog squamous cell carcinoma, uas qhov kev loj hlob qeeb heev thiab tsim cov metastases yog ib yam. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus kab mob yogKev sib kis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer los ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic.
Thaum pib, metastases cuam tshuam rau cov qog ntshav qab zib thiab submandibular. Kev mob qog noj ntshav tom ntej yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim cov metastases hauv lub ntsws, daim siab thiab pob txha. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no feem ntau xaus rau ntawm tus neeg mob tuag.
Kev faib tawm
Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv qab qis tuaj yeem ua rau squamous lossis basal cell. Daim ntawv tom kawg yog qhov tsawg heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qog tuaj yeem tsis yog-keratinized thiab keratinized. Thawj hom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias neoplasm loj hlob sai. Metastasis tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias thaum pib. Daim ntawv keratinized yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb, rwj thiab metastases tsis tshua tshwm sim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv qab no:
- papillary.
- mob plab.
- Warty.
Cov theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim di ncauj yog txiav txim siab raws li kev faib tawm, qhia txog kev sib kis ntawm oncology, cov tsos mob ntawm metastases, muaj cov qog ntshav qog. Nyob rau theem 1, cov qog kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm daim di ncauj, metastasis tseem tsis tau tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub lymphatic system tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam.
Nyob rau theem 2, cov qog yuav loj tuaj, tab sis nws tseem nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm daim di ncauj. Lymph nodes tsis cuam tshuam, tab sis tsis muaj metastases. Qhov thib peb theem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov qog yog localized tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm daim di ncauj. Lymph nodes tsis cuam tshuam lossis tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lawv cuam tshuam, tsis muaj metastases nyob rau theem no.
Thaum theem 4, cov qog loj hlob nyob zenyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, lymph nodes tsis cuam tshuam los yog tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv raug cuam tshuam. Metastases tej zaum yuav muaj los yog tsis muaj, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob. Nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov txheej txheem malignant, xaiv txoj kev kho.
Kev tshwm sim
Ib kab mob malignant yuav luag tsis tsim hauv cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Muaj qee yam hauv kev txhim kho qog noj ntshav, uas suav nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib tawm thiab tag nrho kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb epithelial. Cov txheej txheem o thiab ntau lwm yam kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Cancer ntawm daim di ncauj qis tshwm rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- mob hnyav heev.
- tus cwj pwm phem.
- Kev puas tsuaj vim kab mob ntawm cov hniav, o, raug mob.
- Muaj kab mob fungal thiab/lossis kis kab mob.
- Kev yug me nyuam ntawm daim di ncauj.
Kev haus luam yeeb ua rau muaj ntau yam qog. Thaum haus luam yeeb, tsis yog tsuas yog cov mucous daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov carcinogens, tab sis kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cancer ntawm daim di ncauj qis qis dua li daim di ncauj sab sauv, yog li metastases tshwm sim ntau tom qab. Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav ua rau muaj kev txhoj puab heev dua li cov neeg laus, txawm tias tsis tshua muaj.
Zoo qog nqaij hlav zoo li cas
Cov kws kho mob txheeb xyuas ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav. Thaum muab faibntau yam ntxwv ntawm chav kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Lub localization ntawm cov qog yog coj mus rau hauv tus account. Neoplasm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab kev loj hlob. Cov qog yuav yog:
- Squamous cornified.
- Squamous nonkeratinized.
- Warty.
- papillary.
- mob plab.
- Ulcer-infiltrative.
Squamous cell keratinized cancer yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws loj hlob qeeb heev thiab nce saum daim di ncauj. Daim ntawv no muaj qhov pom zoo dua, vim nws tsis tshua muaj metastasizes thiab tsis kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntev ntev. Nws dhau los ua mob tsuas yog tom qab theem.
Squamous cell nonkeratinizing cancer yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze. Cov qog loj hlob nyob rau hauv daim di ncauj, nquag tsim cov metastases thiab npog nrog cov mob uas twb muaj lawm thaum pib.
Warty cancer zoo li cov pob txha me me. Qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm neoplasms tuaj yeem sib txawv, los ntawm cov xim ntuj ntawm ciam teb ntawm daim di ncauj mus rau tsaus liab.
Yog hais tias daim di ncauj yog o, nws yuav yog papillary hom mob cancer. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov muaj qhov loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, uas tsis ua rau muaj qhov tsis xis nyob txhua qhov. Xws li ib tug neoplasm tsis muaj ib thaj tsam kom meej meej. Nyob ze ntawm cov qog, koj tuaj yeem hnov cov nqaij tawv tuab.
mob qog noj ntshav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov qog muaj jagged npoo. Cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ze yog heev hyperemic. Nyob rau hauv lub qog muaj ib tug rwj, hauv qabkab nrog cov hlwb tuag. Exudate raug tso tawm los ntawm nws.
Ulcer-infiltrative cancer yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub qhov txhab loj nrog cov npoo tsis sib xws ntawm daim di ncauj. Nws saum npoo yog npog nrog qhov mob me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj me ntsis rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
Feem ntau cov cim thawj zaug ntawm daim di ncauj yog qhov tsim ntawm pob me me. Rau qhov kov, nws yog me ntsis denser dua cov ntaub uas nyob ib sab. Thaum lub crust uas twb muaj lawm raug tshem tawm, ib tug liab ciam teb ntawm lub sab di ncauj yog pom nyob rau hauv nws. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, daim ntawv crust tshiab ntawm lub foob, uas loj dua.
Qee zaum thawj qhov cim qhia tias mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov tsis xis nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- mob me ntsis.
- Tsim cov rwj, roughness thiab tawg.
- tsis xis nyob thaum noj.
- khaus thiab kub hnyiab hauv daim di ncauj.
Thaum pib mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim di ncauj, cov cim hauv qab no tau pom:
- Siab.
- Tsis xis nyob lossis mob thaum noj.
- Nyob qhov loj.
Nrog rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov txheej txheem malignant, ntxiv cov cim qhia ntawm intoxication tshwm sim, uas suav nrog:
- Kev qaug zog.
- Kev tsis qab los noj mov.
- Kub nce.
- Headache.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- poob phaus.
Qee lub sij hawm ib feem ntawm cov qog tau hloov pauv necrotic, thiab qhov txhab ua rau muaj qhov txhab nrog kev nyuaj siab me me hauv qhov chaw. Feem ntau, cov kab mob thib ob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem purulent koom nrog nws. Nrog mob qog noj ntshav, daim di ncauj qis mob hnyav heev, raws li cov ntaub so ntswg loj tshwm sim.
Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntau dua ntawm cov qog mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav (thaum kawg). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hoarseness ntawm lub suab tau pom, cov qog nqaij hlav ua rau mob, thiab kev txav ntawm lub puab tsaig kuj deteriorates ho. Hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj thiab qib siab, metastases cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw loj thiab tig mus rau hauv cov infiltrates dav. Qhov mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim di ncauj zoo li cas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab tso rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm paub txog cov txheej txheem malignant raws sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob.
Diagnostics
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim di ncauj kom raws sijhawm, vim qhov no suav tias yog tus yuam sij rau kev kho kom zoo thiab rov ua kom tiav. Yog tias thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob oncologist.
Thaum xub thawj, nws ua qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws los txiav txim siab thaum twg thiab qhov hloov pauv me me hauv daim di ncauj li cas, seb kev kho mob tau ua li cas, qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi. Tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw cuam tshuam nrog lub iav tsom iav. Yuav tsum tau palpation ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov qog loj hlob,lub puab tsaig, puab tsaig, puab tsaig thiab cov qog nqaij hlav uas nyob ib sab. Tom qab ntawd, kev tshuaj xyuas cytological lossis biopsy raug sau tseg, ua raws li kev tshuaj xyuas histological ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov neeg mob kuj suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov zis, ntshav, X-ray ntawm lub ntsws, ECG. Tag nrho cov no yog qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm qhov tseeb tias metastases twb tau tsim. Ultrasound ntawm lymph nodes yog ua kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob. Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kuaj mob histological, uas nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab seb hom mob qog noj ntshav, nws qib ntawm malignancy thiab prognosis.
Txoj kev kho mob
Yog hais tias daim di ncauj yog o, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob kom kuaj tau, vim qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm ib tug malignant neoplasm. Cov tswv yim ntawm kev kho mob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb theem ntawm pathology nyob ntawm, nrog rau qhov twg nws tau kis thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Thaum pib, tus kab mob no kho tau zoo tag nrho.
Tshuaj kho mob tsuas yog ua haujlwm yog:
- Tsuas yog daim di ncauj qis xwb.
- Tsis muaj qog nqaij hlav cuam tshuam.
- Metastases tsis kis mus rau lwm lub cev.
Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm metastases, chemotherapy yog siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau lwm txoj kev, vim qhov no yog tib txoj kev uas yuav tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim.
Kev ua haujlwm
Squamous cell carcinoma ntawm daim di ncauj hauv qab yog kho tau zoo los ntawm kev phais tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav thiab kev kho hluav taws xob. Qhov no yogho nce qhov yuav rov qab los. Tom qab niaj zaus tshem tawm ntawm cov qog, txoj hauv kev ntawm tus kab mob rov tshwm sim, thiab hluav taws xob yuav pab ua kom puas cov hlwb ntxiv. Yog tias tsim nyog los kho cov duab ntawm daim di ncauj thiab tshem tawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj uas twb muaj lawm, kev phais yas ntawm daim di ncauj yog qhia.
Kev xav tau kev cuam tshuam zoo li no tshwm sim thaum tshem tawm daim di ncauj qis rau kev mob qog noj ntshav lossis txiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw loj. Cryosurgery yog hais txog txoj kev kho mob tshiab thiab niaj hnub no, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho tau zoo thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Thaum xub thawj, thaj tsam ze ntawm qhov pom ntawm malignant neoplasm yog kho nrog txias, thiab tom qab ntawd nws cov ntaub so ntswg raug tshem tawm. Rau qhov no, ntau yam kev hloov kho ntawm scalpel lossis coagulator yog siv.
Cov ntaub so ntswg khov tsis tsuas yog rhuav tshem tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj tso cai rau tus kws phais neeg ua haujlwm nrog qhov raug ntau dua, vim nws tsim ib hom kev txwv cov menyuam.
Photodynamic therapy yog ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Kev kho mob koj yuav xav tau:
- Photosensitizer tshuaj.
- UV qhov chaw.
- nkag mus rau oxygen rau cov ntaub so ntswg.
Ua ntej pib cov txheej txheem, tus neeg mob tau txhaj tshuaj photosensitizing uas ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer rau hluav taws xob. Tom qab ntawdtaw tes irradiation nrog ultraviolet yog nqa tawm.
Txoj kev kho no tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv thiab txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog tsim. Qhov downside yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Brachytherapy yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm daim di ncauj. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev qhia txog xov tooj cua pellets.
Post-operative period
Thaum kawg ntawm kev kho mob, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog tus kws kho mob oncologist rau ntau xyoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kom pom qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
Rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim di ncauj, cov lus qhia kho mob feem ntau yog mus ntsib kws kho mob, nrog rau ua raws li tag nrho nws cov tshuaj. Thaum tswj mus ntsib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, kev kuaj ntawm daim di ncauj, palpation ntawm cov qog ntshav, ultrasound thiab hauv siab x-ray yog ua. Kev tshawb pom raws sij hawm ntawm metastases thiab rov qab ua dua tso cai rau kev cuam tshuam radical nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tshuaj khomob
Thaum cov qog nqaij hlav kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab thiab cov qog ntshav hauv cheeb tsam, nrog rau thaum cov metastases tshwm sim hauv lwm lub cev, cov tshuaj khomob tau sau tseg, uas txhawb kev kho mob hauv zos. Cov tshuaj cytostatic raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus. Rau daim di ncauj, cov tshuaj hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau:
- Y"Bleomycin".
- Methotrexate.
- Kev npaj nrog fluorouracil.
- Platinum tshuaj.
Tshuaj kho mob taukuj tau ntxiv los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kho mob hluav taws xob. Xws li kev kho mob tuaj yeem siv rau txhua theem ntawm daim di ncauj, ob qho tib si ua ntej thiab tom qab kev phais. Feem ntau, high-theem X-ray hluav taws xob yog siv los ua tus txheej txheem ua ntej ntawm kev npaj tus neeg mob. Ionizing hluav taws xob stabilizes txoj kev loj hlob, thiab qee zaum txawm txo qhov luaj li cas ntawm malignant neoplasm.
Cov qog ntshav qab zib nyob ze kuj raug hluav taws xob. Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev kis tus kab mob, hluav taws xob kis tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho mob palliative. Nws yog tsom rau kev txo cov kev txom nyem ntawm tus neeg mob thiab ua kom nws lub neej ntev.
Kev kho hluav taws xob yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab tsom ze ze. Ib koob tshuaj hluav taws xob yog 4-5 Gy, thiab tag nrho cov koob tshuaj yog 60 Gy. Lub sijhawm thiab kev siv ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo li no tau txiav txim siab nruj me ntsis ntawm tus kheej thiab nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam.
kev kho neeg zoo
Ntau zaus, cov neeg mob, nrog rau cov kev kho tseem ceeb, siv cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj. Cov hauv qab no suav hais tias yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws:
- Beet kua txiv.
- St. John's wort.
- Burdock tshuaj pleev.
- Compress of celandine kua txiv thiab carrots.
Nqa cov beetroot nyoos, grate nws, nyem cov kua txiv tawm ntawm nws thiab tso rau hauv tub yees rau ob peb teev kom txias. Haus cov tshuaj ntawm lub plab khoob 100 ml 5 zaug ib hnub. Koj tuaj yeem noj tshuaj nrog ib daim khob cij.
Lwm txoj kev kho tau zoo yog St. John's wort decoction. Ncuav 20 g ntawm qhuav nroj tsuag nrog 500 ml ntawm boiling dej thiabmuab tso rau ntawm hluav taws me me. Boil kom txog thaum ib nrab ntawm cov kua muaj evaporated. Lim thiab haus 15 ml 3 zaug ib hnub.
Cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam tuaj yeem smeared nrog burdock ointment. Boil kom txog thaum npaj 100 g ntawm paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag, chop thiab ntxiv 0.5 tbsp. zaub roj. Tom qab ntawd muab cov sib tov rau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab boil rau lwm 90 feeb. Txias cov khoom tiav thiab koj tuaj yeem siv tau.
Thaum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm daim di ncauj, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo celandine thiab carrots. Sib tov cov zaub no thiab nyem cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cheesecloth. Tom qab ntawd sib tov txhua yam sib npaug thiab siv rau thaj tsam cuam tshuam rau 2 teev. Rov ua cov txheej txheem kho mob 3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj pej xeem tsuas yog siv tau ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho thiab tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Huab cua
Kev pom zoo zoo feem ntau nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob pib thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm theem 1-2, kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob yog siab heev, kwv yees li 97-100%. Nyob rau theem 4 lossis nrog kev rov qab los, kev zam txim tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv 30% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Kev tshawb nrhiav kom tau raws sijhawm thiab kev pib kho mob ua rau tus neeg mob txoj hauv kev kom rov zoo tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj kab mob ntawm daim di ncauj, ntsaws ruaj ruaj, mob thiab tawg, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tshawb pom ntawm cov qog hauv thawj theem tso cai rau koj los kho tus kab mob oncological tag nrho.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev txhim kho ntawm daim di ncauj tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev xeeb tub. Yog li ntawd, peb txhua tus muaj lub sijhawm los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Txog qhov kawg no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ob peb txoj cai:
- Tiv thaiv daim di ncauj microtrauma.
- Tsis txhob tso lub hnub ntev.
- Nyob rau lub sijhawm tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov ncauj qhov chaw mos, cov hniav, cov kabmob sab hauv.
- Saib cov cai ntawm kev huv ntawm qhov ncauj.
- Txhob tus cwj pwm phem.
Ua raws li cov cai yooj yim yuav pab tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tshwm sim loj.
Cancer ntawm daim di ncauj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib tus neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm daim di ncauj, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd uas tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas tus kab mob kom raug thiab xaiv txoj kev kho mob.
