Ntawm cov hom, hlau deficiency anemia yog qhov ntau tshaj. Cov kws kho mob kho nws nyob rau hauv ntau dua 80% ntawm cov neeg mob xws li pathologies. Tus kab mob pib nws txoj kev loj hlob vim tsis muaj hlau nyob rau hauv lub cev, txij li thaum lub microelement plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis. Yog tsis muaj nws, tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov qe ntshav liab thiab hemoglobin. Nws kuj tseem koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov enzymes cellular feem ntau.
Definition
Iron deficiency anemia yog mob ntshav siab uas tshwm sim vim tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav xws li hlau. Qhov teeb meem no yuav nrog rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic, thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis hauv qib hemoglobin. Feem ntau muaj hypochromia (qis qis hauv cov xim ntsuas) thiab microcytosis (qis hauv ntim) ntawm erythrocytes, hypoxia (oxygen starvation ntawm hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg).
Yog vim li cas
Iron deficiency anemiaib tug kab mob sib haum xeeb, yog li koj yuav tsum paub seb dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau nws tshwm sim:
- Kev los ntshav tsis meej lossis zais cia. Feem ntau cov mob no tshwm sim vim kev phais, mob, yug menyuam, qog nqaij hlav hauv plab lossis muaj teeb meem hemorrhoids, ua rau lub cev ntev thiab hnyav heev, pub dawb, uterine ntshav poob.
- Tsis sib npaug lossis khoom noj tsis txaus. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev noj zaub mov nruj, tsis noj nqaij thiab tshaib plab. Thiab qhov teeb meem no tau pom nrog kev siv cov khoom noj ntev ntev nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg kawg nkaus.
- Kab mob plab uas tiv thaiv kev nqus ntawm cov khoom. Cov no suav nrog gastritis nrog qis acidity, mob enteritis thiab enterocolitis, nrog rau plab hnyuv dysbacteriosis.
- Kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau hlau. Cov teeb meem zoo li no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus, thaum pub niam mis thiab yug me nyuam, txij li thaum ntawd, lub ntsiab reserves ntawm lub caij uas tus poj niam xav tau yog siv nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm lub fetus thiab zus tau tej cov mis nyuj.
Symptoms
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob ntawm qib hemoglobin, cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm 3 qib ntawm cov hlau tsis txaus ntshav ntshav:
- teeb - hemoglobin hloov pauv los ntawm 120-90 g / l;
- nruab nrab - yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 90-70 g / l;
- hauv kev mob hnyav, qhov ntsuas tau txiav txim siab hauv thaj tsam tsawg dua 70 g / l.
Yog tias qhov degree me me, feem ntau tus neeg mob xav tias ntuj thiab tsis tshua muajsau txhua qhov tsis xis nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab tshaj, muaj mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tsis muaj zog, tsaug zog, tsis muaj zog, tsis ua hauj lwm, tsis tshua muaj ntshav siab, palpitations, thiab nyob rau hauv heev heev mob, txawm fainting. Tag nrho cov cim qhia tau tshwm sim vim kev tshaib plab oxygen ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas ua rau tsis muaj hemoglobin.
Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm anemia tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellular enzymes, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg rov tsim dua. Nws manifests:
- ntau dhau dryness thiab roughness ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- epidermal atrophy;
- delamination thiab brittle rau tes;
- tsim cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov ces kaum ntawm lub qhov ncauj;
- dryness thiab plaub hau poob;
- qhov ncauj qhuav tas li;
- perverted tastes thiab ua txhaum kev ntxim nyiam. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob hnov qhov saj lossis tsw ntxhiab ntawm acetone lossis xim, xaiv cov khoom noj txawv txawv hauv lawv cov zaub mov, xws li khob noom cookie, chalk lossis av nplaum.
Stages
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob xws li hlau deficiency anemia, qee theem tau txawv:
- Pre-latency - nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, cov hlau deposited yog depleted, thaum thauj thiab hemoglobin reserves yog khaws cia.
- Nrog qhov tsis txaus latent hauv cov ntshav plasma, qhov txo qis ntawm cov hlau thauj khoom tuaj yeem pom.
- Ua tiav ntshav ntshav - nrog rau nws, tag nrho cov metabolic reserves ntawm lub caij (kev thauj mus los, erythrocyte thiab deposited) yog depleted.
Shapes
Nyob ntawm qhov laj thawjtxoj kev loj hlob ntawm hlau deficiency anemia muab faib raws li nram no:
- posthemorrhagic;
- alimentary;
- congenital element deficiency;
- txuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv kev thauj hlau;
- nce noj los ntawm lub cev.
Raws li cov tsos mob thiab qhov hnyav, cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv:
- light;
- medium;
- hnyav.
Diagnosis
Tom qab pom cov tsos mob saum toj no, nws yuav tsum tau lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov muaj tus kabmob. Nrog rau qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob - hematologist. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau tus neeg mob malaise, vim muaj coob tus ntawm cov kab mob ntev tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim cov ntshav liab. Yog tias lub hauv paus ua rau qhov tsis txaus tsis tau hais txog, tag nrho cov kev kho mob uas tau coj los yuav ua tsis tau zoo.
Cov hauv qab no feem ntau siv:
- kev kuaj pom ntawm tus neeg mob thiab sau ntawm anamnesis;
- tus kws kho mob xa mus rau kev kuaj ntshav;
- nrog rau qhov tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus anemia thiab kev ua xyem xyav ntawm nws, kev ua haujlwm raug ua tiav;
- kuj tus neeg mob raug xa mus kuaj ntshav biochemical.
Yuav kom kuaj tau qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb heev, vim tias ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tus kab mob hauv qab, uas tsuas yog ua rau cov hlau tsis zoo.
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas tus kab mob no tshwm sim, cov kws kho mob feem ntau sau cov quav mus kuaj ntshav kom pom cov ntshav txhaws. Rau qhov noTus neeg mob yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas endoscopy thiab fluoroscopy.
Ntshav nkag mus rau hauv cov quav vim los ntshav sab hauv, mob plab thiab teeb meem plab hnyuv loj. Cov mob no suav hais tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, txij li nrog lawv cov ntshav poob qis dua, tab sis tas li, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem kuaj pom tsuas yog tom qab dhau qhov kev kuaj tshwj xeeb. Nrog ntshav poob hnyav, hlau rov qab sai heev, thiab nrog tsawg tab sis tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus anemia tshwm. Cov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tseem ceeb heev, vim qhov kev kuaj mob ntxiv nyob ntawm nws.
X-ray raug xaj kom kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab rwj uas feem ntau ua rau ntshav poob.
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb endoscopic yog siv los ntsuas qhov mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub plab, cov hnyuv thiab txoj hlab pas.
Thiab nws tseem yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob, los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xws li kws kho mob plab, kws phais mob, kws kho menyuam yaus, kws kho mob oncologist thiab kws noj zaub mov.
kev kho mob niaj hnub
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus ntshav ntshav thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tau pib kho los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov ua rau muaj cov kab mob pathological thiab pub ntshav, vim qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tuaj yeem qhia tias qib hemoglobin txo qis npaum li cas thiab cov qe ntshav liab txo.
Yog tias muaj cov uterine los ntshav, lawv yuav tsum tau tso tseg, vim tias lawv yuav tsis pom zoo rau kev kho mob. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab sai sai rau qhov ua rau tus kab mobLub plab zom mov (kab mob plab) tau ua tib zoo xyuas, ultrasound (kev kuaj mob ultrasound) tau ua, sigmoidoscopy thiab radiography ntawm lub plab yog ua.
Kev kho mob niaj hnub ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm anemia yuav tsum muaj xws li kev siv tshuaj los ntawm kws kho mob. Thaum tsis muaj exacerbations ntawm lub rwj thiab ntuav intractable, nws raug nquahu kom tau txais cov khoom tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, tab sis hais lus, raws li lawv muaj kev pom zoo. Txog niaj hnub no, raws li kws kho mob, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj xws li:
- "Totem";
- Ferrum-lek;
- "Sorbifer";
- Ferlatum;
- "M altofer";
- Ferrogradume.
Txawm tias tus neeg mob yuav siv nyiaj li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum paub tias nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj uas suav nrog cov hlau ntau hauv nws cov zaub mov. Cov no suav nrog nqaij nyug, walnuts thiab txiv apples.
kev kho neeg zoo
Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tsim, koj tus mob tuaj yeem kho tau yooj yim nrog cov zaub mov hauv tsev. Txhawm rau kom sib npaug ntawm qib hemoglobin thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, koj tuaj yeem haus cov dej qab zib ntuj.
Kev ua noj koj yuav xav tau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv qab no:
100 ml 100 ml
100 ml apple 100 ml
100ml 100ml
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum muab tag nrho cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ntxiv zib ntab rau ntawd, ces sib tov txhua yam kom zoo kom tiavdissolution ntawm cov khoom xyaw kawg. Khaws cov dej no rau hauv lub tub yees nkaus xwb, thiab noj 20 ml peb zaug ib hnub.
Ib qho kev kho mob zoo heev rau kev tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj ntshav liab yog yarrow infusion.
Rau haus koj yuav xav tau:
- 60 grams qhuav yarrow;
- 500ml dej.
Kev ua noj ua haus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ncuav dej npau npau hla cov nyom, thiab tos kom txog thaum lub broth siav rau 1 teev. Tom ntej no, lim txhua yam kom zoo kom tsuas yog cov kua seem. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum noj 5 ml peb zaug ib hnub.
Kev faib cov hlau tsis txaus ntshav ntshav raws li ICD-10
Muaj kev faib thoob ntiaj teb, raws li txhua tus mob muaj nws tus kheej txoj cai. Cov txheej txheem no tau tsim los rau kev yooj yim ntawm ob tus kws kho mob ntawm txhua lub tebchaws thiab cov neeg mob. Anemia tsis muaj kev zam, uas suav nrog:
- D50.0 - ntshav qab zib theem nrab, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntshav. Ib qho kev zam rau pawg no yog mob posthemorrhagic, uas muaj code - D62 thiab congenital tshwm sim vim ntshav poob hauv fetus - P61.3.
- D50.1 - sideropenic anemia, uas suav nrog Plummer-Vinson thiab Kelly-Paterson syndrome.
- D50.8 - lwm yam anemias.
- Unspecified iron deficiency anemia raws li ICD-10 coded as D50.9.
Txhais tau
Nrog rau kev kho kom raug, nrog rau kev tshawb pom raws sijhawm ntawm pathology, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kho tsis muaj teeb meem. Yog tias tsis kho, dhau sijhawm, tus mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau feem ntaulub cev. Vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg zuj zus, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob sib kis tau nce ntau. Deformation ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial tsim, dermatitis thiab eczema tshwm sim. Qhov teeb meem loj heev yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm nce.
Nyob
Raws li kws kho mob, cov tsos mob me me muaj ntshav qab zib muaj nyob hauv 30% ntawm cov ntxhais ntawm hnub nyoog yug me nyuam. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm sim thaum lub caij coj khaub ncaws.
Ntau xyoo dhau los, cov kev txheeb cais no tau zuj zus zuj zus ntxiv, vim cov poj niam pib tsim txom kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo. Ib qho tseem ceeb yog cev xeeb tub thiab pub mis rau menyuam, vim qhov no tsis muaj sijhawm los saib xyuas koj tus kheej, thiab kev ntxhov siab tas li nrog.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hlau deficiency anemia nyob rau hauv cov poj niam yog tsim los ntawm lub fact tias lub cev pib siv cov zais hlau reserves, uas nws tau txais thawj zaug los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ces los ntawm cov ntshav.
Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau sib npaug tom qab hnub nyoog 50, thaum pib cev xeeb tub.
Kev cev xeeb tub
Kev muab cov hlau uas tus poj niam poob thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam thiab pub menyuam, nws rov qab los tom qab 3-4 xyoos tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm zoo no, niam expectant yuav xav tau ob zaug ntau npaum li ib tug txiv neej.
Txhua yam tshwm sim vim tus menyuam hauv plab tsis tuaj yeem ua pa ntawm nws tus kheej, yog li nws tshem tawm ntau cov as-ham los ntawm nws.
Lwm qhov ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus yog ntshav poob hnyav tom qab yug menyuam thiab pub mis ntxivpub niam mis.
Tus niam yav tom ntej tuaj yeem kuaj pom muaj kab mob raws li lub xeev ntawm hemoglobin thiab erythrocytes hauv cov ntshav. Yog tias tag nrho cov coefficients qhia txog ntshav qab zib, tom qab ntawd kev hloov kho tom ntej tsuas yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob.
Thaum lub sijhawm me me tau teeb tsa, cov vitamin complexes tau siv rau kev kho mob thiab kev noj zaub mov raug kho, uas yuav tsum muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm cov hlau.
Cov me nyuam
Daim duab kho mob ntawm qhov teeb meem no hauv cov menyuam mos tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem kis tau ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob tau piav qhia hauv qab no:
- Asthenovegetative - nws yog txuam nrog oxygen tshaib plab hauv lub paj hlwb. Nws manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug ncua sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub psychomotor txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam thiab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij. Nrog rau qib loj ntawm pathology thiab tsis tuaj yeem kho raws sijhawm, kev txawj ntse tsis txaus tuaj yeem tsim. Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov tshwm sim ntawm asthenovegetative syndrome, uas suav nrog enuresis, tearfulness, kiv taub hau thiab chim siab.
- Epithelial - tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau nws cov appendages. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias integument yuav qhuav, thiab hyperkeratosis pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub luj tshib thiab lub hauv caug, cov plaub hau ua npub thiab nquag ntog. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj ntshav liab hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm hom no, glossitis, cheilitis thiab angular stomatitis feem ntau tshwm sim.
- Dyspeptic - tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv qab los noj mov, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov tsis kam noj, muaj cov quav tsis ruaj khov (cem quav hloov nrog raws plab), dasphagia thiab tsam plab.
- Cov hlab plawv - matures tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib hnyav thiab tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv ntshav siab, ua tsis taus pa, tachycardia, dystrophic hloov hauv myocardium thiab lub plawv yws.
- Immunodeficiency Syndrome - piav qhia los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov ntsuas kub nce mus rau qhov txiaj ntsig subfebrile. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov menyuam yaus ua rau muaj kab mob ua pa hauv plab nrog kev ncua ntev lossis hnyav.
- Hepatolienal - pom tshwj xeeb tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib hnyav, feem ntau ua ke nrog lwm hom ntshav qab zib lossis rickets. Manifested nyob rau hauv loj loj ntawm tus po thiab daim siab.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
cov kws tshaj lij ntawm leej twg (lub koom haum hauv ntiaj teb kev noj qab haus huv) tau tsim cov dogmas loj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm hauv noob neej. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb kom ua tiav qhov no yog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- noj zaub mov uas muaj zog nrog cov hlau nqus tau yooj yim;
- kho mob ntawm foci ntawm tus kab mob;
- siv cov khoom uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nqus hlau, feem ntau cov vitamins.
Raws li WHO cov kws tshaj lij, kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem, txij li thaum ntxov cov tsos mob ntawm anemia tau pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag 30% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem. Thiab daim duab no nyob deb ntawm me me, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov tsis txaus siab heev.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
- thawj - cov no suav nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog;
- secondary - tshawb pom raws sijhawm ntawm cov cim qhia thiab kev kuaj pom muaj peev xwm thiab kho tus kabmob;
- tertiary - txo qis cov teeb meem tshwm sim.
