Yog tias tsis muaj xws li qib ntawm cov hniav dawb thiab qhov tsis muaj stains yog qhov zoo nkauj ntshiab, ces malocclusion rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. Nws yuav tsum raug kho.
Dab tsi yog malocclusion
Qhov no yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm abutment ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab qis hauv lub xeev siab. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tawg, sib tsoo thiab suppuration ntawm cov hniav. Qhov tom deteriorates feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaum yau. Qhov no muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kev kho hniav. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Tus qauv ntawm lub puab tsaig nteg nyob rau ntawm qib caj ces.
- kis mob thaum yau.
- Pathology thiab kab mob ntawm niam thaum cev xeeb tub.
- Kab mob ntawm lub cev pob txha.
- Kev pub mis.
- Tus me nyuam tus cwj pwm ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo nqus lossis pacifier.
- Kev mob.
Feem ntau, kev nkag siab tias qhov tom yuav tsum tau kho yog pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab, tab sis qee zaum sab nraud cov hniav zoo nkauj heev. Yuav ua li cas rau nws tus kheej paub tias qhov tom raug puas lawm? RauNws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov twg yog qhov raug. Tsis yog txhua cov hniav yuav tsum tau raws nraim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog cov molars. Cov canines thiab incisors ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv yuav tsum protrude me ntsis saum cov qis, tab sis yog tias qhov protrusion no me ntsis ntau dua los yog tsawg dua li qub, teeb meem pib. Cov hniav lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob "saib" nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm tus qauv ntawm no yog qhov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tom, nws yog ib tug nruab nrab qhia. Qhov no yog hais txog physiological tom, uas tso cai rau lub cev ua haujlwm kom raug. kiag li tib txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab cov hniav nyob rau hauv ob tug neeg sib txawv yog yuav luag tsis pom. Yuav luag txhua tus muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Qhov txawv yog qhov tseeb tias rau qee tus neeg, kev sib txawv tsis cuam tshuam, thiab cov hniav loj hlob sib npaug, thaum rau lwm tus, txoj haujlwm tsis raug ntawm lub puab tsaig cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov hniav.
Hom kab mob tom tau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:
- Nkauj.
- Qhia.
- Mesial.
- Deep.
- Dystopia.
Hnub no, kev kho hniav tau nce mus deb dhau los uas qee zaum nws tseem tuaj yeem kho qhov overbite yam tsis muaj braces rau cov neeg laus. Cov cuab yeej kho kho feem ntau niaj hnub no yog raws li hauv qab no:
Nyob.
Kuaj qhov teeb meem thiab pab kho qhov tom, (yog tias tsim nyog) tus kws kho hniav yuav pab.
Diagnosis
Yuav kom tsis txhob siv nyiaj rau kev sib tham tsis tsim nyog, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ib qho orthopantomogram koj tus kheej. Qhov no yog panoramic x-ray ntawm lub puab tsaig,uas qhia tau hais tias qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud, nrog rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig thiab cov pos hniav, tag nrho cov neoplasms. Ib qho orthopantomogram kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig kom mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua ua ntej kev kuaj mob, uas yuav kho caries thiab tshem tawm pob zeb ntawm cov hniav, yog tias tsim nyog. Cov kab mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab pob zeb thaum lub sij hawm txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho yog tsis tsim nyog, yog li nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab mus rau tus kws kho hniav nrog lawv.
Thaum mus ntsib tus kws tshaj lij, chav kuaj mob yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj pom lub puab tsaig nrog palpation.
- Kev pom zoo los ua lossis kawm txog kev npaj ua orthopantomogram.
- Tshem tawm ntawm lub puab tsaig.
- Yees duab tus neeg mob los ntawm cov ces kaum, suav nrog nws lub puab tsaig thiab cov hniav.
Yuav kom dhau los tsis yog qhov kev kuaj mob zoo li no, tus neeg mob txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua tau yog tias ib tus neeg muaj kev xav tias lawv qhov tom tsis raug lossis raws li kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog tias thawj qhov kev kuaj mob tau tsim thaum menyuam yaus, thaum cov hniav tseem muaj zog heev.
Kev raug mob ntawm malocclusion
Yuav luag txhua qhov malocclusion tsim kom zoo nkauj tsis xis nyob. Vim hais tias ntawm nws, cov hniav pib loj hlob crookedly, ntog rau ib leeg, thiab vim hais tias ntawm kev siv tsis tau thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav, lawv pib los ua daj plaque thiab tartar. Tab sis qhov txaus ntshai heev yog tias malocclusion hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Nov yog cov npe ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm malocclusion:
- Kev tsis haumlus.
- Asymmetric ntsej muag.
- teeb meem digestive.
- Dab ntxwg nyoog ntawm lub ntsej muag, xws li lub puab tsaig protruding.
- Pinched face nerves.
- teeb meem ua pa.
Thaum cov hniav tsis zoo, qhov siab ntawm cov hniav sab saud ntawm cov hniav qis yog qhov tsis txaus los yog ntau dhau, uas ua rau mob plab, caries thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev phom sij ntawm malocclusion los ntawm kev xav ntawm lub hlwb. Ib tug neeg txoj kev hwm tus kheej tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem heev. Nws tuaj yeem xaiv txoj haujlwm uas tsis haum rau nws, uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas lus nrog tib neeg. Malocclusion cuam tshuam qhov tsos txawm tias thaum lub qhov ncauj kaw.
Kho qhov tob tom hauv cov neeg laus yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom kom zoo dua, daim di ncauj yuav zoo li qub, thiab lub puab tsaig yuav txhais tau ntau dua.
Nws puas txaus ntshai los kho qhov overbite thaum yau
Nws zoo nkaus li tsim nyog los kho qhov tom ntawm theem ntawm nws qhov tsim, uas yog, txawm tias thaum yau. Coob leej xav ua qhov no tam sim ntawd, thaum nws tau tsim tsa tias qhov tom yog tsim tsis raug, vim tias nws muaj txog li 14 xyoo uas tom tau tsim. Yog tias koj cuam tshuam nws txoj kev tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub puab tsaig nws tus kheej.
Yuav kom meej meej, muaj peb theem ntawm kev tsim cov tom hauv ib tus neeg. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, qhov kawg xaus. Nws yog ua ntej los ntawm cov mis nyuj, xaus rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5-7 xyoo, thiab ib qho kev sib hloov, uas yuav kav mus txog rau hnub nyoog 12 xyoos. Ntawm notheem, yog tias qhov teeb meem tsis loj, txawm tias ib lub phaj kho hniav tsis tu ncua yuav pab kho qhov tom. Tab sis los ntawm 12 mus rau 14 theem kawg yuav kav mus ib txhis.
Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob zoo heev tuaj yeem kho qhov tom nrog kev pab cuam ntawm lub bracket system nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua. Ntxiv nrog rau kev paub, kev paub txog tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev paub dhau los, nws yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv high-tech ntawm nws pov tseg. Yog li ntawd, tsawg tus neeg ua haujlwm zoo li no hauv tebchaws Russia. Tab sis cov kws kho hniav txawv teb chaws muab khi rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ib yam nkaus, txij li kev kho qhov tom ntawm cov neeg laus yuav tsis ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim sai thiab mus sij hawm ntev li kev kho rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 14 xyoos.
Yog tias muaj nyiaj txiag, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tig mus rau tus kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog thaum yau. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ces kho qhov tom thaum hluas yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Braces
Ib txoj hauv kev nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv tau zoo los kho cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub no yog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub bracket system lossis, lwm yam, braces. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv. Lawv muab faib raws li hom ntawm cov khoom uas lawv tau ua, rau hauv cov nram qab no hom:
- Metal.
- Sapphire.
Raws li hom kev teeb tsa, braces tau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:
- Lingual (composites yog txuas rau sab hauv ntawm cov hniav).
- Vestibular (cov khoom sib txuas yog txuas los ntawm sab nraud).
Raws li txoj kev fastening, braces yog txawv raws li hauv qab no:
- Ligature (lub koov nws tus kheej yog glued rau cov hniav).
- Ligatureless (locks yog glued rau cov hniav, los ntawm cov arc twb dhau lawm).
Tam sim no lawv xyaum tsis siv txoj kev ligature ntawm fastening vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub arc nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntxuav tawm cov seem ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab tom qab tshem tawm cov braces, ntau tartar tej zaum yuav nyob twj ywm, txawm tias. carious lesions ntawm cov hniav yog ua tau. Ligature-free installation ntawm braces los kho tom cov neeg laus yog tsis mob thiab yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 3 theem:
- Kua "lock" ncaj qha rau ntawm tus hniav.
- Ntxig lub nplhaib txhawb nqa ntawm lawv.
- Txhim kho lub zog arc.
Thaum kho tus kab mob sib kis hauv cov neeg laus, cov kab hla txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm
Tom qab kev teeb tsa (kwv yees li ib lub lis piam tom qab), cov hniav yuav pib "txav". Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev. Qee lub sij hawm koj tseem yuav tau noj tshuaj tua kab mob. Tab sis lub sij hawm dhau mus, cov hniav yuav txav mus los tsawg dua, yog li qhov mob yuav tsis mob heev, nws yuav hloov mus rau qhov tsis xis nyob.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho tus neeg laus tom nrog kev zawm hniav yog nyob ntawm tus kheej tus yam ntxwv, hnub nyoog thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam. Lub sijhawm no feem ntau siv sijhawm li ob peb lub hlis mus rau ntau xyoo. Lub sij hawm meej dua rau kev hnav lub kaw lus bracket yog tus kheej thiab raug teeb tsa los ntawm tus kws kho hniav. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom saib xyuas lub qhov ncauj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj caries. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho hniav yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev tsis lees paub zaub mov uas tuaj yeem ua tautau daig hauv qab braces (txiv ntseej, noob).
- Yaug koj cov hniav tom qab txhua pluas noj.
- Yuav tsum yuav thiab siv lub irrigator hauv tsev tsis tu ncua.
- Tsis zom cov pos hniav thiab toffee.
- Txo cov piam thaj kom tsawg thiab zam cov dej qab zib.
- Kev kuaj hniav tsis tu ncua rau caries.
Thaum cov hlua khi tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm thiab "teeb" cov hniav kom raug, lawv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, caries feem ntau pom ntawm cov hniav thaum pib theem thiab ntau tartar. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau kho thiab tshem tawm. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub installation ntawm retainers. Yog hais tias koj tsis kam mus rau theem no, ces tag nrho cov hnav yuav poob mus rau hauv lub qhov dej, thiab cov hniav yuav sai sai mus rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj hauj lwm dua.
Txhob Cia Siab
Cov khoom tshem tawm yog tshem tau thiab tsis tshem tau. Ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab mos. Tsau yog ib txwm ntsia rau sab hauv ntawm cov hniav, yog li lawv yuav luag tsis pom.
Kho sab nraud lawv yog cov hlau me me uas txuas rau sab nraub qaum ntawm cov hniav. Yog li ntawd lawv thiaj li pom tsis tau rau lwm tus. Tshem tau cov retainers yog cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Tsis yog txhua tus paub nws yog dab tsi.
Cas
Cov Tiv Thaiv Kabmob, lossis lwm yam aligners feem ntau yog hnav thaum pw tsaug zog, tab sis qee zaum txhua lub sijhawm. Lawv yog cov khoom siv nruj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muag (feem ntau silicone) rau cov hniav sab sauv thiab sab qis. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, qhov no tsim raws nraim rov qab cov duab ntawm cov hniav nrog qhov tseeb tom. Custom-made mouthguards yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, raws li tus tsim siv los ntawm ib tug neeg yog zoo tagnrho rau nws xwb.
Ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm, lub qhov ncauj tiv thaiv kuj yog kev kho qhov tom yam tsis muaj braces rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg uas nws tom yog tseem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm active tsim, uas yog, cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas mus txog rau 16 xyoo. Hauv lawv qhov xwm txheej, koj tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj braces txhua.
Hnav lub qhov ncauj tiv thaiv kom kho qhov overbite hauv cov neeg laus yuav yog ib txoj hauv kev tsis zoo rau kev sib txawv loj yog siv los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis kom tswj tau cov txiaj ntsig ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm txoj kev siv tau zoo dua (txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv), lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tus naj npawb ntawm txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem ua rau overbite yog dav rau cov neeg laus dua li cov menyuam yaus. Raws li txoj kev tsim khoom, lawv tau muab faib ua peb hom:
- Standard.
- Customized.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis lawv kim heev. Tab sis thaum siv, lawv zoo li yooj yim li sai tau, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm hnav lawv tuaj sai dua. Cov menyuam yaus uas lawv lub puab tsaig rhiab thiab loj hlob tuaj yeem tsuas muaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg xwb.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm kev kho cov neeg laus occlusion nrog cov qauv tsim aligners yog tus nqi qis ntawm cov qauv tsim, tab sis lawv tsis raug txiav txim, yog li lawv tsis zoo, thiab feem ntau ua rau tsis yooj yim thaum hnav. Cov me nyuam lub kaus momcontraindicated.
Qhov ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv thermoplastic yog lawv ua hauv tsev. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov yas tshwj xeeb, uas, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov dej kub, ua yas rau ib pliag, thiab ces hardens thiab siv cov hniav. Tab sis cov no tsis haum rau kho qhov tom, vim lawv tsuas khaws cov duab uas twb muaj lawm. Cov kaus mom thermoplastic tau nquag siv hauv tsev ntxuav hniav dawb thiab cov hniav remineralization systems.
Yuav kho ib txwm ua haujlwm
Txawm tias ntau xyoo ntawm kev hnav braces thiab kev ncaj ntawm cov hniav tom qab tsis tuaj yeem lav tias qhov teeb meem yuav daws tau mus ib txhis. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum qhov teeb meem tob dua, thiab qhov tsis raug ntawm cov hniav tsis yog qhov ua rau, tab sis qhov tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd cov hniav ncaj yuav nws thiaj li coj txoj haujlwm tsis raug dhau los.
Qee zaum, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho qhov phais kho ntawm malocclusion hauv cov neeg laus, uas yog, kev phais orthognathic. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev, ua raws li lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog advisable tsuas yog nyob rau hauv heev mob.
Ntau zaus, kev kho hniav kho hniav kom kho tom cov neeg laus thiab txawm tias menyuam yaus mus rau kev tshem tawm cov hniav zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thaum lub puab tsaig me dhau rau tag nrho cov hniav kom haum zoo. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev tshem tawm yuav yog qhov tsawg dua ntawm kev phem. Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub lag luam tshem tawm cov hniav, daim duab yuav zoo li deplorable - cov hniav tseem yuav crooked, qhov khoob yuav tshwm sim. Tab sis dhau sij hawm qhov chaw no yuav puv, tag nrho cov hniavsawv ntsug ncaj.
Xwb, koj tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tshwm sim tag nrho koj lub neej nrog kev pab ntawm lub kaus mom.
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob malocclusion
Nov yog ib yam niam txiv yuav tsum xav txog tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam. 5 txoj cai hauv qab no yuav tsum ua raws li:
- Coj niam mis thaum twg ua tau.
- Hloov lub raj mis nrog lub khob kom ntxov li sai tau yog tias pub mis mis.
- Tsis txhob mob khaub thuas.
- Mus ntsib kws kho hniav raws sijhawm.
- Nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim tom (txawm tias tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab), ua ntu zus mus kuaj mob thiab tus kws kho hniav.
Yog tias koj ua raws li cov cai yooj yim no, koj tuaj yeem zam kev siv nyiaj txiag hnyav thiab kev txom nyem lub cev yav tom ntej.
