Raws li WHO txheeb cais, ntau tshaj li ib lab tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom txhua xyoo hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, daim duab no yog 50 txhiab. Kev tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no yog kwv yees li 50%. Qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv rau kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
Tam sim no, mob qog noj ntshav mis (BC) muaj ntau dua 30 daim ntawv. Feem ntau yog cov nodular (multicentric thiab unicentric) thiab diffuse cancer (edematous-infiltrative thiab mastitis zoo li daim ntawv). Ib daim ntawv tsis tshua muaj yog Paget tus kab mob. Cia peb saib seb puas kho tau tiav nrog mob cancer mis theem 2.
Yog vim li cas
Qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob oncological no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev muaj qee yam. Feem coobTus kab mob no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, kev loj hlob ntawm malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej yog 100 lub sij hawm tsawg dua. Feem ntau, mob qog noj ntshav mis tshwm sim rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog tshaj 35 xyoos. Ib qho nyuaj gynecological keeb kwm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hom malignant pathologies: inflammatory thiab hyperplastic kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos kab mob, ua poj niam cev xeeb tub, lactation disorders, infertility. Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav? Pathology muaj qee yam kev vam meej: cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov neeg txheeb ze, mob qog noj ntshav nrog cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav, cov tsos mob ntawm mis-ovarian syndrome, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer mis nrog sarcoma, cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub ntsws, cov qog adrenal ntawm lub larynx. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tus kab mob yog cov kab mob metabolic thiab endocrine: metabolic syndrome, rog rog, ntshav qab zib mellitus, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, pathologies ntawm txiav txiav, siab, immunodeficiency.
Cov yam tsis muaj carcinogenic tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav: tshuaj lom neeg, haus luam yeeb, noj zaub mov tsis muaj calorie tsawg thiab nplua nuj nyob hauv carbohydrates, kev ua neej tsis sib haum nrog biorhythms, ionizing hluav taws xob.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm theem
Oncological pathologies ntawm lub mis feem ntau yog cais raws li theem ntawm kev loj hlob:
- mob cancer mis theem 1. Lub qog malignant nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 2 cm, tsis cuam tshuam cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub caj pas. Tsis muaj metastases.
- mob cancer mis theem 2. Nws muab faib ua ob hom subspecies. IIa theem yog characterizedlub xub ntiag ntawm 2-5 cm qog uas tseem tsis tau loj hlob mus rau hauv cov fiber, los yog ib tug me me tsim uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib ncig ntawm. Metastases nyob rau theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, raws li txoj cai, kuj tsis tuaj. Nyob rau theem II b, metastases tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub regional lymph nodes nyob rau hauv lub armpits. Feem ntau muaj metastasis rau parasternal intrathoracic lymph nodes.
- III theem kuj muaj ob hom. Ib theem IIIa qog nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla mus txog ntau tshaj 5 cm los yog loj hlob mus rau hauv lub txheej ntawm cov leeg nyob rau hauv lub caj pas mammary. Qhov no feem ntau tsim cov cim ntawm "txiv qaub tev", lub txiv mis retraction, o, qee zaum muaj ulcerations ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tawm ntawm lub txiv mis. Metastases tsis tuaj. Nyob rau theem III b, ntau yam metastases tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav axillary los yog ib qho metastases nyob rau hauv lub subclavian thiab parasternal nodes.
- IV theem - davhlau ya nyob twg. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov qog, loj hlob mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze, nthuav tawm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ulcerations uas nws kim heev. Cov theem no kuj suav nrog cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm txhua qhov loj uas muaj metastasized rau lwm yam kabmob, thiab cov neoplasms tsau rau hauv siab.
Txheej xwm ntawm theem II oncology
Kev mob qog noj ntshav mis tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim los txiav txim. Tus kab mob no zuj zus lawm. Hauv cov tshuaj, nws ntseeg tau tias theem II yog thawj theem ntawm kev txhim kho oncological txheej txheem. Qhov kev kawm no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov qog loj ntawm qhov tsis ntau tshaj 5 cm nrog cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav axillary.
Cov tsos mob Oncology IItheem yog:
- muaj lub foob hauv siab;
- mob uas ruaj khov, tsis tsim nyog;
- edema;
- mis deformity;
- daim tawv nqaij flakes, ua wrinkled, reddens los yog darkens, daim tawv nqaij yuav hnov kub rau kov;
- txiv mis hloov pauv;
- kev tawm ntawm lub txiv mis;
- kev txhim kho kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub caj pas mammary;
- nce qhov qog ntawm cov qog hauv caj dab, lawv qhov mob.
Theem 2 mob qog noj ntshav mis yog kho nrog kev phais. Rau qhov no, ob qhov kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv tau:
- Mastectomy - tshem tawm ntawm lub mis.
- Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub mis uas tus mob qog noj ntshav tau raug tshem tawm ncaj qha. Kev kho hluav taws xob yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua haujlwm.
Ntau tus neeg txhawj xeeb txog cov lus nug - nws puas tuaj yeem kho mob qog noj ntshav theem II kom tiav? Tom qab kev phais mob, qhov kev cia siab rau kev rov zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog qhov zoo, tab sis raug rau qhov raug ntawm txhua qhov kev kho mob tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yav tom ntej.
Cov tsos mob qog nqaij hlav cancer mis ntau
Nyob rau theem pib, tus kab mob oncological no tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhua txoj kev, txawm li cas los xij, thaum palpation, qhov tsim ntom ntom tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm caj pas. Feem ntau, tus poj niam pom nws thaum kuaj tus kheej, lossis txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm ultrasound ntawm cov qog mammary, mammography, thiab lwm yam. Kev ntsuas ntsuas thaum tiv thaiv mus ntsib kws kho mob. Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob tsim nyog, cov qog loj hlob, loj hlob, loj hlob mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous thiab cov leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, metastases tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam rau cov qog ntshav hauv cheeb tsam. Nrog rau cov ntshav ntws, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau xa mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob. Mob cancer mis feem ntau kis metastases rau lub siab thiab lub hlwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab heev, necrotic disintegration ntawm qhov tsim tshwm sim, thiab malignant puas rau hauv nruab nrog cev ua rau tuag.
Diagnosis
Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov yog kev kuaj xyuas tus kheej kom zoo thiab tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov poj niam uas muaj kev pheej hmoo - tshaj 35 xyoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus kheej raug pom zoo txhua lub hlis. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas lub hauv siab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, deformations raug kuaj, ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv qhov loj ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qog mammary yuav pom. Kev soj ntsuam lub mis kuj tseem suav tias yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, los ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob, mob thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caj pas tuaj yeem pom. Lub siab kuj tseem yuav tsum tau siv rau lub txiv mis txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj cov kab mob pathological. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm txiv qaub, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Nyob rau hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob no, qee qhov kev kuaj mob tau siv (ultrasound nrog dopplerography, mammography, thermography, ductography, mis MRI). Lawv tso cai rau koj los kawm cov qog kom meej thiab ntsuas nws.qhov loj, zoo, qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig.
Ib txoj kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb kuj yog lub mis biopsy thiab kuaj cytological ntxiv ntawm cov qog, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev loj hlob ntawm oncological. Ntawm cov kev kuaj niaj hnub no, kev tshawb fawb radioisotope, microwave RTS, thiab scintiomammography yuav tsum tau sau tseg.
Kev kho mob
mob cancer mis yog kho tau zoo heev. Cov qog me me nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub mis raug tshem tawm, thiab cov neeg mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog metastasized tshem tawm feem ntau tsis pom.
Kev kho tus kab mob yog phais. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qog oncological, qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Yav dhau los, yuav luag txhua tus poj niam tau kuaj pom muaj qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav radical mastectomy (tshem tawm ntawm caj pas, nrog rau cov leeg hauv siab thiab cov qog ntshav). Tam sim no ntau thiab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau ua, thaum cov leeg hauv siab tau khaws cia (yog tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological).
Nrog cov qog me me hauv kev kho mob cancer ntawm lub mis theem 2, ib feem mastectomy tau nce zuj zus niaj hnub no: tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub caj pas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qog tshem tawm nrog me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no feem ntau ua rau tib lub sijhawm raws li kev kho hluav taws xob. Nws qhia tau hais tias kho tau piv rau radical mastectomy.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob kho mob qog noj ntshavcov qog mammary tsis tu siab li cov neeg mob tau npaj rau lawv tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg laus. Cov koob tshuaj ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob tsis yog siab heev uas cov plaub hau yuav poob, xeev siab yuav pib, lossis mob hluav taws xob yuav tshwm sim. Tsis muaj li ntawd. Muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm irradiation ntawm lub caj pas mammary ntawm ib feem ntawm tus neeg mob. Lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev qaug zog hnyav, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm kev kho mob, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ploj mus. Thiab tom qab ob peb lub hlis, tag nrho cov tsos mob yuav ploj mus. Qee zaum qee tus neeg mob yuav hnov mob hauv lub mis.
Kev tshem tawm cov qog ntshav qab zib yuav pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological. Yog tias pom metastases nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov neeg mob tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob. Txawm tias muaj kev kho kom tiav nrog rau theem 2 mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg mob.
Tshuaj khomob
Tshuaj kho mob cancer mis yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog siv los ua tib txoj kev los cuam tshuam cov qog. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm hom mob qog noj ntshav thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob. Feem ntau, txoj kev no suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev kho mob rau theem 2 mob qog noj ntshav mis yog qhov cuam tshuam cytostatic rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog cov ntshav yog nqa mus thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab faib thoob plaws hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no muab cov txiaj ntsig kho mob, vim tias cov tshuaj cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog cov qog ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam cov metastases nyob deb. Yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob yog stifledcov qog nqaij hlav cancer, txawm tias me me, tseem tsis tau kuaj pom metastases.
Tshuaj
Muaj ob hom tshuaj khomob tseem ceeb:
- Nrog cov nyhuv cytostatic (txo cov txheej txheem ntawm cell faib thiab clonal proliferation, ua rau apoptosis ntawm cov hlwb uas tau poob lub peev xwm los tsim dua tshiab).
- Nrog cov teebmeem cytotoxic (cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cell organelles thiab ua rau cell tuag, pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm qog necrosis).
Oncology chemotherapy tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov protein molecules uas khi rau nucleic acids lossis ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim ntawm tes. Ib txhia ntawm lawv cuam tshuam los yog qeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm cov noob replication, lwm tus pab tsim cov tshuaj lom dawb radicals los yog muaj cov nyhuv antimetabolic.
Txhua yam tshuaj muaj qee lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj kws khomob. Rau kev mob qog noj ntshav mis, qee yam kev kho mob yuav raug sau tseg, suav nrog kev xaiv ib leeg ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv.
Chemodrugs tsis muaj kev xaiv ntawm lawv lub zog, lawv cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub cev hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, antineoplastic cytostatics muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev faib cov hlwb. Yog li, nws puas tuaj yeem kho mob qog noj ntshav theem 2 kom tiav? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.
Kev ntsuas kom rov zoo
Raws li kev txheeb cais qhia, cov neeg mob kuaj mob theem IIamob cancer ntawm lub mis, rov zoo hauv 87-93% ntawm cov neeg mob. Nrog mob qog noj ntshav II b, kev rov zoo yuav tsum nyob hauv 75-80% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Feem ntau, kev kuaj mob rau theem 2 mob qog noj ntshav yog nyob ntawm theem uas mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom thiab pib kho sai npaum li cas. Nrog rau hauv cheeb tsam siab heev ntawm oncology, lub neej expectancy yog 5 xyoo. Rau kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv ib cheeb tsam, kev kho mob tau zoo nyob ib puag ncig 92%.
Khoom noj khoom haus rau oncology
Kev noj zaub mov rau mob qog noj ntshav yog tsom rau kev poob phaus, uas yuav tsum pab tiv thaiv kev rov qab los ntawm cov txheej txheem mob qog noj ntshav, ua rau muaj feem muaj sia nyob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo.
Cov poj niam uas tau raug hluav taws xob lossis tshuaj khomob zoo li hnyav, thiab yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom noj ntau tshaj li cov zaub mov noj, tab sis ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb. Kev poob phaus yuav txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav insulin ntau ntxiv, lub cev rog thiab cov tsos mob qog noj ntshav.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj zaub mov rau mob qog noj ntshav yog:
- Ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov ntsiab lus caloric ntawm cov zaub mov, suav nrog qhov hnyav. Tus neeg mob lub cev hnyav dua, qhov kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum tsawg dua.
- Cov protein noj ib hnub yog 20%, thiab tib tus nqi yog cov roj. Qhov seem 60% yog cov zaub mov muaj fiber ntau: zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cereals.
- txwv tsis pub haus cov khoom noj haus thiab rog, nqaij liab.
- txwv tsis pub cov carbohydrates, ntsev thiab txuj lom.
- Kev noj ntau ntxivcov vitamins.
- khoom noj tsis txaus, noj zaub mov ntau zaus hauv ntim me me.
- Koj yuav tsum haus tsawg kawg 2 litres dej ib hnub.
- Cov zaub mov yuav tsum yog tshiab thiab steamed (los yog boiled).
Muaj Teeb Meem
Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tau ua raws sijhawm rau theem 2 mob qog noj ntshav, tus kab mob qhia tias muaj kev nyiam sai sai rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, piv txwv li, rau cov qog ntshav hauv cheeb tsam: subclavian, axillary, parasternal. Tom qab ntawd, nrog cov kua dej ntws, cov hlwb atypical kis mus rau scapular, supraclavicular, ncauj tsev menyuam thiab mediastinal lymph nodes.
Ntxiv rau, cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm sab nraud tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, uas yog, txheej txheem oncological tuaj yeem dhau mus rau ob lub mis. Hematogenous metastasis cuam tshuam rau daim siab, lub ntsws, lub hlwb, cov pob txha thiab, thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob txaus, ua rau tuag.
Peb paub seb puas yuav kho tau tiav nrog theem 2 mob qog noj ntshav.
