Ntau protein ntau hauv urinalysis yog proteinuria. Proteins nkag mus rau hauv cov zis los ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Albumins ua rau feem ntau, thiab cov nqaijrog cov nqaijrog yog sawv cev los ntawm complex glycoproteins. Lawv yog synthesized los ntawm lub mucous kab mob ntawm lub genitourinary system thiab lub raum tubules. Hauv cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, cov protein yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj los yog nws yuav muaj tsawg heev. Yog tias qhov kuaj zis pom cov protein, qhov no yog qhov laj thawj rau kev kuaj ntxiv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Protein, lossis, nws tseem hu ua protein, yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub cev, suav nrog biofluids. Vim lub peev xwm pom zoo ntawm ob lub raum, nws raug kuaj pom hauv thawj cov zis hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem rov qab nqus ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv lub raum tubules yog nqa tawm. Yog tias ib tus neeg muaj ob lub raum noj qab haus huv thiab tsis muaj cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav plasma, tom qab ntawd hauv cov dej biofluid tawm hauv lub cev, nws muaj nyob rau hauv me me lossis tsis tuaj. Cov provocateurs ntawm nce nws qib yog ob qho tib si physiological thiab pathological laj thawj.
Proteins ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg:
- Form colloid osmotic ntshav siab.
- Muab cov lus teb rau qhov kev txhawb nqa sab hauv lossis sab nraud.
- Koom tes hauv kev tsim cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov cellular thiab cov hlwb tshiab, nrog rau kev tsim cov enzymes uas txhawb kev ntws ntawm cov tshuaj biochemical.
Yog tias cov protein nyob hauv cov zis raws li kev soj ntsuam tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj qhov tso cai, ces qhov tshwm sim no hu ua proteinuria. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv yog pom zoo rau tus neeg, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nrhiav qhov ua tsis tiav.
Hom kab mob pathological proteinuria
Nyob ntawm qhov muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis, muaj ntau hom kev txawv txav xws li:
- Prerenal - yog tsim los ntawm qhov muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav plasma. Yog li ntawd, lub raum tubules tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem nqus cov protein ntau hauv ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua txhaum cai kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev qhia txog albumin los ntawm sab nraud, piv txwv li, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm nephrotic syndrome.
- Lub raum lossis lub raum - tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kab mob raum. Nws tshwm sim thaum cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein reuptake raug cuam tshuam, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nws yog hu ua tubular los yog nws tseem hu ua tubular. Yog hais tias qhov provocative yam yog ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm cleansing muaj peev xwm ntawm lub raum glomeruli, ces qhov no yog glomerular (tubular) proteinuria.
- Postrenal - tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mobcov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv cov zis. Cov protein nkag mus rau hauv cov zis uas tau tawm hauv lub raum lim.
- Secretory - tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qee yam kab mob, tshwj xeeb cov proteins thiab antigens tau zais cia.
Hom kev ua haujlwm proteinuria
Lawv yog ib ntus thiab tsis nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary thiab ob lub raum. Ntawm lawv, proteinuria yog qhov txawv:
- Lordotic, lossis postural - protein tshwm hauv cov zis tom qab nyob ntev hauv txoj haujlwm ntsug, nrog rau kev taug kev hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj lub cev asthenic.
- Kev xav - yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab hnyav.
- Kev ntxhov siab (txwv tsis pub nws yog hu ua haujlwm (- feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab cov neeg ncaws pob, piv txwv li nrog kev ua kom lub cev siab.
- Feverish - kuaj pom thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum lim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Palpatory - tshwm sim nrog lub sijhawm ntev thiab khaus palpation hauv plab.
- Alimentary - tom qab noj zaub mov muaj protein ntau.
- Centrogenic - qaug dab peg lossis raug mob yog xav tias ua rau.
- Congestive - tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa oxygen tshaib plab hauv lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm lossis cov ntshav ntws qeeb heev hauv ob lub raum.
Ntau zaus kawg ob qhov kev ua haujlwm proteinuria ua ke thiab suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov kab mob pathological hu ua extrarenal.
Yam cuam tshuam rau pathological thiab physiological nce hauv cov protein
Pathological ua rauCov protein ntau hauv cov zis tsom xam:
- Yglomerulonephritis;
- mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy;
- sclerosis ntawm lub raum;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- cystitis;
- tshuaj lom nrog cov tshuaj hnyav;
- Yurethritis;
- kab mob autoimmune;
- neoplasms ntawm malignant thiab benign xwm;
- raum tuberculosis;
- lub raum tsis zoo.
Lub cev ua rau lub cev:
- hypothermia;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- cold;
- kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau;
- noj cov protein;
- ua xua tshwm sim;
- predominance ntawm cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau hauv kev noj haus.
Degrees ntawm proteinuria
Proteinuria los ntawm ntau qib:
- Mob me - yam ntxwv ntawm lub raum qog, cystitis, urolithiasis, urethritis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm 0.3 mus rau 1.0 g ntawm cov protein tau tawm ntawm ib tus neeg hauv ib hnub.
- Nruab Nrab - tshwm sim nyob rau thawj theem ntawm amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, mob necrosis ntawm tubular lim. Hauv kev tsom xam txhua hnub ntawm cov zis, cov qauv ntawm cov protein ntau dhau lawm, nws qhov poob yog los ntawm ib mus rau peb grams.
- Mob hnyav - pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam myeloma, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau theem ntev, nrog rau cov mob nephrotic. Ntau tshaj peb grams ntawm cov protein tau tawm ntawm lub cev.
Qhia rau kev kuaj cov protein
Tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo qhov kev tshawb fawb no thaum lub chaw kho mob hauv qab no tshwm sim hauv tus neeg:
- xws li o;
- chronic anemia;
- pob txha thiab pob qij txha vim tsis muaj protein ntau;
- sudden bouts of tsis nco qab thiab kiv taub hau;
- drowsiness, lethargy, tas li qaug zog;
- convulsions, nqaij spasms;
- ntiv tes, tingling;
- xeev siab, raws plab, ntuav, poob lossis rov qab ua kom qab los tsis muaj laj thawj;
- bout txias los yog kub taub hau;
- xav tias lub zais zis tsis tiav;
- mob, tsis xis nyob, khaus, kub hnyiab thaum tso zis.
Ntxiv rau, kev kuaj zis rau cov protein yog qhia rau:
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (kev kuaj mob thiab saib xyuas kev kho mob).
- Thaum tso npe rau lub tsev kho mob, suav nrog cev xeeb tub.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary, ntau yam myeloma.
- Nyob rau hauv lub cev hypothermia.
- Oncology ntawm lub genitourinary system.
- Kab mob ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab mob ntev.
- Kev kub hnyiab thiab raug mob.
Hloov cov yam ntxwv xws li sediment, cov zis niaj hnub ntim, ntom ntom, tsw, sediment, pob tshab, cov tsos ntawm cov ntshav blotches kuj yog ib qho qhia rau txoj kev tshawb no.
Yuav tsum muaj protein ntau npaum li cas hauv kev kuaj zis: tus qauv (g / l)
Protein yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhia tias tus kws kho mob ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov saib xyuas thaum kawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm. Nws tsis tuaj yeem pom pom pom muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis.
Thaum kuaj pom, rov ua dua tshiab tau pom tom qab ob lub lis piam,thaum kuaj thaum sawv ntxov thiab txhua hnub ntawm biomaterial. Protein hauv zis:
| Morning analysis | tsom xam txhua hnub | |
| txiv neej | 0, 033 | 0, 06 |
| Nyob | 0, 033 | 0, 06 |
| Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub | 0, 033 | 0, 3 |
| Cov me nyuam | 0, 037 | 0, 07 |
Txoj kev kuaj kab mob
Tom qab kuaj pom ib qho kev nce ntxiv hauv cov protein hauv kev kuaj zis dav dav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob pathological thiab kev ua haujlwm. Rau qhov no, anamnesis yog sau, ib qho kev kuaj orthostatic yog ua nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua xyem xyav ntawm ib tug concomitant ailments, tus neeg raug pom zoo kom sab laj nrog xws li cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws li ib tug urologist los yog gynecologist. Ultrasound ntawm lub zais zis, ob lub raum thiab cov kabmob ntawm qhov chaw mos yog qhia. Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas: cov ntshav dav dav thiab biochemical, zis kab lis kev cai, raws li Nechiporenko, rau txhua hnub thiab cov proteins tshwj xeeb.
Ntxiv rau, lwm hom kev xeem yuav raug sau tseg.
Cov cim qhia tias muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis
Cia peb xav txog cov tsos mob uas ib tus neeg yuav muaj nrog cov protein ntau ntxiv hauv kev kuaj zis:
- daj ntseg thiab qhuav tawv nqaij, tev;
- kev qaug zog;
- puffiness;
- qhia ua pa luv;
- ntxhais plaub hau thiab rau tes;
- ncesiab;
- mob taub hau;
- vim dej ntau dhau qhov hnyav nce.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias yuav tsum nrhiav dab tsi hauv qhov muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis, raws li cov proteinuria paub tseeb qhia tias muaj cov kab mob hauv lub raum loj, nrog rau lwm yam kab mob hauv lub cev.
Npaj cov dej num rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov Cai khaws cov zis
Rau qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws:
- tau pw tsaug zog hmo ua ntej kev xeem;
- exclude any overloads;
- ceeb toom tus kws kho mob txog kev noj tshuaj;
- tsis txhob hloov pauv kev noj zaub mov thiab haus dej ua ntej thiab thaum lub sijhawm sau cov khoom siv biomaterial;
- tshem tawm txhua yam dej cawv.
Yuav ua kev soj ntsuam cov protein ntau txhua hnub, cov zis yuav tsum tau sau kom raug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no kom raug, koj yuav xav tau:
- npaj lub thawv tsis muaj menyuam;
- thawj feem ntawm cov zis tsis tau sau tseg, pib ntawm thib ob thiab tom qab ntawd thaum nruab hnub - nws muab ntxiv rau hauv lub thawv npaj thiab kaw lub sijhawm tso zis;
- khaws cov khoom biomaterial khaws cia hauv tub yees;
- tom qab sau cov zis, koj yuav tsum sau nws ntim;
- sib tov thiab ncuav li 200 ml rau hauv ib lub thawv cais tsis muaj menyuam;
- nqa lub thawv nrog cov khoom siv biomaterial, lub sijhawm tso zis, kaw cov zis txhua hnub, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koj qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav mus rau chav kuaj.
Ua ntej sau txhua feem ntawm cov zis, cov txheej txheem tu cev yog ua tiav.
Npaj protein ntau hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub
Qhov ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tshwm sim:
- Nephropathy - tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab hnub tim, piv txwv li thaum yug ntxov ntxov tuaj yeem xaus rau qhov kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav cev xeeb tub.
- Gestosis yog cev xeeb tub uas tshwm sim nrog cov teeb meem (nce siab, o, convulsions).
- Toxicosis yog qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm dej-ntsev sib npaug tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
Cov poj niam xav tias yuav muaj menyuam tsis tu ncua, cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob nco gestosis. Yog tias kev kuaj zis rau cov protein thaum cev xeeb tub pom tias muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov qauv, ces kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tau pom zoo. Ib tug poj niam raug sau tseg txoj kev kho mob txhawm rau txo nws cov concentration, thiab cov kev ntsuas raug coj los pab coj tus menyuam mus txog hnub kawg. Piv txwv li, lub tsev kho mob hauv qab no yog qhov zoo rau nephropathy:
- nausea;
- thirst;
- zais thiab pom tseeb edema;
- kiv taub hau;
- tsis muaj zog;
- siab nce;
- mob hauv txoj cai hypochondrium, daim siab loj;
- zoo li hyaline casts hauv zis.
Ntxiv rau, nrog rau nephropathy, niam expectant muaj ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm protein thiab dej ntsev metabolism, oxygen tshaib plab ntawm tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab tus me nyuam hauv plab, thiab nce permeability ntawm lub vascular phab ntsa. Kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim gestosis lig. Kev pheej hmoo yog cov poj niam uas muaj kab mob raum ntev, Rhesus teeb meem, nrog rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiabhormonal ntshawv siab. Kev pab tsis raws sijhawm thiab tsis muaj kev kho mob ua rau eclampsia thiab preeclampsia. Cov xeev no nrog rau:
- hemorrhagic stroke;
- pulmonary edema;
- txhawj xeeb;
- tsis nco qab;
- lub raum thiab lub siab tsis ua haujlwm;
- tus menyuam hauv plab tuag;
- qhov chaw tso quav ua ntej ntxov ntxov.
Kab mob uas muaj protein ntau hauv kev kuaj zis nce siab
Prerenal daim ntawv ntawm proteinuria yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- malignant hloov pauv hauv lymphatic thiab hematopoietic cov ntaub so ntswg;
- kab mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm kev ua xua, uas ob lossis ntau lub cev raug cuam tshuam;
- rhabdomyolysis;
- qaug dab peg;
- hemolytic anemia;
- poisoning;
- Ymacroglobulinemia;
- kev ntshav tsis sib haum;
- mob hlwb raug mob.
Postrenal proteinuria yog ib qho cim ntawm cov kab mob xws li:
- raum tuberculosis;
- cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv qhov chaw mos, urethra, zais zis;
- benign zais zis qog;
- los ntshav los ntawm cov zis.
Lub raum daim ntawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no lub raum pathologies:
- amyloidosis;
- urolithiasis;
- jade interstitial;
- mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy;
- Yhypertensive nephrosclerosis;
- Yglomerulonephritis.
Yog pom muaj zisCov qe ntshav dawb thiab cov protein, yuav ua li cas?
Kev kuaj pom cov protein thiab leukocytes hauv kev kuaj zis qhia tau tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim hauv cov zis. Cov qe ntshav dawb, ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, tsis tso cai rau cov kab mob microflora ntau ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tuag thiab tawm hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg nrog rau cov zis. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hlwb no nyob rau hauv biomaterial ntau tshaj qhov tso cai qhov tseem ceeb yog hu ua leukocyturia. Nws cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog cov kab mob:
- urinary system;
- genitals;
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Ntxiv rau, kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob ntev ntev thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev tu cev ua ntej pub cov biofluid provoke cov tsos ntawm leukocytes hauv cov zis. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov qauv yog siab tshaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Qhov tshwm sim no txuas nrog qhov tseeb tias lub raum tseem tab tom tsim thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qee qhov haujlwm.
Kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob
- Glomerulonephritis yog ib qho ua rau muaj proteinuria. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsom xam cov zis, cov protein ntau dua li cov qauv, thiab tseem muaj gemma-, leukocyturia, nce hauv qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab ntau ntawm cov hlwb epithelial. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si thawj thiab tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lwm yam kab mob pathological. Tsis muaj kev kho mob ua rau mob glomerulonephritis. Tus kab mob no nrog rau: mob heev o ntawm lub ntsej muag, tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv siab, o ntawm daim siab, kev puas tsuaj rau lub glomeruli thiab tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub lim.qhov system. Yog tias tus mob nephrotic mob me, ces ntshav siab thiab edema tsis tuaj.
- Protein hauv kev kuaj zis kuj tseem muaj ntau tshaj hauv cystitis, daim ntawv mob ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua lub hnub nyoog. Feem ntau nws raug kuaj pom hauv cov poj niam. Hauv cov zis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein thiab leukocytes nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kis tau tus ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb. Tus neeg muaj ib tug general malaise, mob tso zis. Kev kho mob yog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev noj haus. Cov khoom noj uas muaj vitamin C thiab proteins raug txwv.
- Pyelonephritis - cov kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm: xim daj ntseg ntawm cov zis, pos huab nyob rau hauv muaj kua paug; tshaj qhov tso cai ntawm leukocytes thiab protein; acidity thiab ntom nyob rau hauv ib txwm txwv. Tus neeg mob muaj qhov kub thiab txias, tsis muaj zog, mob hauv thaj tsam lumbar thaum tso zis.
- Ntshav Qab Zib Ntshav Qab Zib - cuam tshuam rau lub raum ua haujlwm. Kev tswj hwm cov protein hauv cov neeg mob no tau qhia ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis
Siv qhov xaus
Yog tias cov protein nce siab hauv kev kuaj zis, feem ntau qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub raum ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Thaum kuaj pom, tus kws kho mob xa tus neeg mus rau qhov kev tshawb fawb thib ob, vim tias ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj yuav tsis zoo rau kev xa cov khoom siv biomaterial, piv txwv li cov protein tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov zis los ntawm qhov chaw mos sab nraud. Yog tias kev kuaj rov qab pom cov protein hauv cov zis, tus mob hu ua proteinuria.
