Hauv kab lus, peb yuav xav txog dab tsi ua rau muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis.
Nyob rau hauv lub raum, cov ntshav yog lim, vim li ntawd, tsuas yog cov khoom uas lub cev xav tau nyob rau hauv nws, thiab cov seem yog tawm hauv cov zis.
Cov protein molecules loj, thiab cov lim dej ntawm lub raum corpuscles tsis cia lawv dhau. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog mob lossis lwm yam laj thawj, qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv nephrons tau tawg, thiab cov protein tau dhau los ntawm lawv cov ntxaij lim dej.
Protein yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tag nrho. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov zis tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev tshawb fawb biochemical. Protein hauv zis txhais li cas? Ib yam mob uas nws qib siab yog hu ua "albuminuria" lossis "proteinuria" hauv tshuaj.
Protein (protein) yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub cev, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ib puag ncig. Feem ntau, cov protein hauv cov zis tau txiav txim siab me me, txij li lub raum ua tib zoo lim nws tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.reabsorption. Kev nce hauv qhov tseem ceeb yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm physiological (kev ntxhov siab, noj zaub mov, thiab lwm yam) lossis pathological (oncology, pathology ntawm lub genitourinary system, thiab lwm yam) ua rau.
Yuav ua li cas protein nyob rau hauv cov zis ntawm ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam txhais tau tias, ntau tus neeg txaus siab.
Nws ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev:
- pab rau kev tsim cov hlwb tshiab thiab tsim cov ntawv cog lus intercellular;
- muab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau sab nraud lossis sab hauv stimuli;
- forms colloid-osmotic (oncotic) ntshav siab;
- koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov enzymes uas ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv biochemical.
Ntau cov protein ntau hauv cov zis: ua rau
Tsawg protein yog vim kev noj zaub mov, kev ua lub cev thiab kev txhawj xeeb me.
Yog tias muaj kab mob, mob lossis lwm yam txheej txheem pathological tshwm sim hauv lub raum pom, tom qab ntawd ntau qhov kev suav nrog raug txiav txim siab hauv cov zis, suav nrog globulins - cov protein ntau ntau.
Yuav ua li cas cov protein hauv cov zis yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub.
Kev tawm hauv cov zis ntau ntawm nws yog hu ua proteinuria. Yog tias ntau tshaj 3 g ntawm cov protein raug tawm hauv lub cev ib hnub, qhov no yog qhov laj thawj rau kev xav tias tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum glomerular. Proteinuria uas kav ntev tshaj li peb lub hlis yog qhov qhia tias mob raum mob. Kev poob ntau dua 3.5 g ntawm cov protein ib hnub tuaj yeem ua rau mob nephrotic (mob loj heev thiabnce cov cholesterol).
Dab tsi ua rau muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis?
Ntxiv rau, qhov poob ntawm cov proteins tuaj yeem yog vim kev ua txhaum ntawm lawv cov reabsorption (rov nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav) hauv lub raum raum tubule. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau lub xeev no:
- kis kab mob lossis cov txheej txheem inflammatory;
- kev mob tshwm sim ntawm qee yam tshuaj;
- kab mob nephrological nyob rau theem ntev, thiab lwm yam.
Pab pawg txaus ntshai rau cov protein ntau hauv cov zis suav nrog:
- neeg tshaj 65;
- neeg mob ntshav qab zib;
- cov me nyuam uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv;
- cov neeg mob rog ntau yam;
- poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub;
- kis las.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam, qhov ua rau ntawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv cov zis yuav luag tib yam, tshwj tsis yog thaum xws li ib tug mob yog provoked los ntawm pathologies ntawm lub reproductive system.
ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas
Los ntawm cov protein uas tshwm sim hauv cov zis, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim siab. Kev tshuaj xyuas tau raug sau tseg nyob rau hauv muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- mob, tsis xis nyob, khaus lossis kub hnyiab thaum tso zis;
- xav tias lub zais zis tsis txaus;
- mob pob qij txha thiab pob txha, pob txha nkig (vim tsis muaj protein ntau);
- tsis muaj zog thiab tsaug zog, nce qaug zog;
- nquag tawm tsam kiv taub hau, kiv taub hau (tej zaum yuav qhia txog kev txuam nrog hauv cov ntshavcalcium);
- pathological o;
- loog lossis tingling ntawm ntiv tes;
- ua npaws lossis ua daus no, hyperthermia yam tsis paub ua;
- mob ntshav qab zib hom mob ntev (tsawg hemoglobin);
- convulsions, nqaij spasms;
- digestive disorders (dyspepsia, qab los noj mov) yam tsis paub ua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev sim rau cov protein nyob hauv cov zis yog muab rau cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- kab mob pathologies ntawm txhua daim ntawv;
- kuaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary: cystitis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, prostatitis, glomerulonephritis;
- mob ntshav qab zib;
- kis mob me thiab mob;
- hauv kev kuaj mob ntau yam myeloma (oncological qog ntawm cov ntshav ntshav);
- saib xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua kom qaug cawv (tshuaj lom nrog nab venom, hnyav hlau, tshuaj overdose);
- kab mob oncological ntawm lub genitourinary system;
- raug mob lossis kub hnyiab loj;
- congestive heart failure;
- nrawm hypothermia ntawm lub cev;
- kev phais tsis ntev los no.
Physiological proteinuria
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej me lossis ib qho dhau ntawm cov protein ntau hauv cov zis, kev ua haujlwm (physiological) yuav tsum raug cais ua ntej. Ntawm lawv yog cov hauv qab no:
- hyperthermia tsis cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary;
- kev tawm dag zog ntev, kis las, nqa hnyav;
- longhypothermia;
- kev hloov pauv hauv txoj haujlwm tam sim ua ntej xa khoom ntawm biomaterial;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- mus sij hawm ntev "ntawm ob txhais ceg";
- lub cev qhuav dej, haus dej tsis txaus;
- noj tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis;
- kev tsis haum;
- cev xeeb tub (lub tsev menyuam loj hlob ua rau lub raum siab, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj haujlwm pom).
nce ntxiv raws li kev noj zaub mov
Yog li, peb txuas ntxiv nkag siab tias cov protein zoo li cas hauv cov zis. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim kev siv cov khoom xws li:
- tsis noj cov protein (cov qe nyoos, mis nyuj, ntses thiab nqaij);
- khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib;
- tawm ntsim, ntsev los yog ntsim;
- dej cawv, suav nrog npias;
- vinegar-based sauces;
- loj ntim dej ntxhia.
YPathological proteinuria
Yog tias, thaum txiav txim siab kuaj zis dav dav hauv cov neeg laus, qhov ntsuas tau nce ntxiv, nws raug nquahu kom tsis suav nrog cov kab mob xws li: kab mob sib kis hauv cov kab mob genitourinary, mob raum, zais zis, raum tsis ua haujlwm, cystitis, nephrotic syndrome, nephritis, cuam tshuam ntawm lub raum tubules, kab mob ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej, oncological pathologies ntawm lub raum, leukemia (ntshav cancer), hlwv ntawm lub genitourinary system, myeloma. Tshem tawm qhov qubpathologies cuam tshuam rau kev sib kis ntawm impulses (concussion, epilepsy, stroke), mob cell anemia, kab mob ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha.
rau lub raum thiab extrarenal proteinuria
Qhov ua rau muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim los tsim.
raum proteinuria yog ob hom - tubular thiab tubular.
Tubular proteinuria tshwm sim thaum:
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- mob nephritis;
- Sjogren's syndrome;
- siv sijhawm ntev ntawm NSAIDs;
- cryoglobulinemia (muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov proteins cryoglobulin uas ua rau lub cev vasculitis).
Glomerular proteinuria, uas tshwm sim vim kev puas tsuaj rau lub glomeruli, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom glomerulonephritis.
Extrarenal proteinuria yog prerenal thiab postrenal. Congestion proteinuria tsim los ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm atypical low molecular yuag proteins uas ua rau mob raum raug mob. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob xws li rhabdomyolysis (tus txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov leeg hlwb) thiab ntau yam myeloma.
Qhov ua rau postrenal proteinuria yog kab mob, urolithiasis, ntau yam qog nqaij hlav hauv lub raum. Protein hauv zis txhais tau li cas rau cov poj niam?
Proteinuria thaum xav tau tus menyuam
Reference values lub sij hawm no yog 0-0.3g/l2. Dab tsi ua rau muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub?
Yog tias cov ntsuas no dhau qhov kev tso cai, ces qhovKev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim gestational pyelonephritis hauv tus neeg mob. Kev nce qib hauv cov theem tom qab (3rd trimester) yog qhov laj thawj rau xav tias preeclampsia, uas yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce siab, o loj heev thiab cov leeg nqaij. Nrog pathological proteinuria nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam cev xeeb tub, muaj ib tug general deterioration nyob rau hauv kev noj qab nyob zoo, ntev drowsiness thiab tsis muaj zog, ntshav siab. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxygen tshaib plab ntawm fetus, ua txhaum ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, nchuav menyuam thiab yug ntxov ntxov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov proteinuria hnyav, qhov tshwm sim ntawm intrauterine fetal tuag nce 5 zaug.
Deciphering the general urine test in cov neeg laus
Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum muaj cov txuj ci kho mob tsim nyog, yog li cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom txhais tus kheej ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab, kev yooj yim ntawm kev coj ua thiab suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob.
Parameters suav nrog hauv kev tso zis dav dav:
- organoleptic ntsuas (tsim, xim, ntim, foaminess, transparency);
- physico-chemical qhov tseem ceeb (acidity, ntom);
- biochemical ntsuas (qab zib, protein, ketone lub cev, urobilin);
- kuaj microscopic ntawm sediment (leukocytes, erythrocytes, epithelial cells, cylinders, kab mob, ntsev muaju, fungi).
Tsuas yog kws kho mob tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig tau txais thaum lub sijhawm kawm thiab suav nrog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob.
Yogkev nyeem ib txwm yog:
- xim - straw yellow;
- smell - tsis ntse;
- absolute transparency;
- pH - los ntawm 4 txog 7;
- ntom - 1012 g / l - 1022 g / l;
- protein ntim - tsis ntau tshaj 0.033 g / l;
- bilirubin - tsis muaj;
- ketone lub cev - tsis yog;
- urobilinogen - 5-10 mg / l;
- hemoglobin - tsis muaj;
- erythrocytes - ib leeg (hauv txiv neej), tsis pub ntau tshaj 3 (hauv poj niam);
- qe ntshav dawb - tsis tshaj 6 (rau poj niam), tsis tshaj 3 (rau txiv neej);
- epithelial hlwb - tsis ntau tshaj 10;
- lub tog raj kheej - ib leeg hyaline lossis tsis tuaj;
- ntsev - tsis yog;
- kab mob, fungi, kab mob - tsis muaj.
Glucose - tsis ntau tshaj 0.8 mmol / l;
Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau kuaj cov zis protein?
Kev kuaj mob thaum qhov ntsuas tau hloov pauv los ntawm tus qauv
Raws li tau hais lawm, muaj cov protein ntau txhua hnub tawm hauv cov zis, yog li txhua qhov kev sib txawv ntawm nws yuav tsum yog lub hauv paus rau kev kuaj mob kom zoo. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kab mob hauv lub cev, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob nephrologist lossis urologist. Yog tias pom muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis thaum cev xeeb tub lig, tom qab ntawd tsis yog tus kws kho mob hauv nephrology lossis urology, tab sis kuj yog tus kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob gynecologist tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no. Kev ntsuas ntsuas suav nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Ultrasound ntawm lub zais zis thiab lub raum;
- Renal MRI;
- xov tooj cua isotope kuaj pom muaj ntau yam kab mob urological;
- kev kuaj mob urodynamic;
- uroflowmetry.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem kuaj mob, tus neeg mob yuav tsum xeem dhau cov zis kuaj cov kab mob albumin thiab protein.
Yuav txo qis li cas?
Kev kho mob kom tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no yog nyob ntawm qhov ua rau nws ua rau nws. Yog tias pom muaj cov ntsiab lus protein ntau ntxiv hauv cov zis, kev kho mob profile raug sau tseg, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv qab. Vim qhov tseeb tias tus mob no muaj ntau yam ua rau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav kev kuaj mob. Kev tshuaj ntsuam urinary ua ntej.
Feem ntau, nrog cov protein ntau hauv cov zis, cov kws tshaj lij tau sau cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- tshuaj tua kab mob, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, txiav txim siab ua ntej siv cov kev sim kuaj;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav siab;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- cytostatics (yog xav tau);
- glucocorticosteroids;
- painkillers, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum tus neeg mob muaj ib tug pronounced mob syndrome.
Raws li txoj cai, tom qab tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv qab uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov protein hauv cov zis, qhov txiaj ntsig no rov qab los li qub.
Npaj rau kev tshuaj ntsuam
Yog li qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam muab qhov siab tshaj plawsCov txiaj ntsig raug, tus neeg mob yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas sau cov zis kom pom cov proteinuria txhua hnub.
Rau tso zis, koj yuav tsum tau yuav lub thawv tshwj xeeb. 24 teev ua ntej tso zis, ntsim, rog, zaub mov nplua nuj thiab qab ntsev, nrog rau zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus, thiab zaub mov rog yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ncua kev noj tshuaj rau qee lub sijhawm. Cov poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog yug me nyuam nrog kev kuaj zis yuav tsum tos yog tias lawv coj khaub ncaws thaum lub sijhawm no.
Qhov chaw mos yuav tsum huv si thaum khaws cov zis, txwv tsis pub cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsis ntseeg. Tom qab sau cov kua, lub hub yog nruj nreem npog nrog lub hau thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus, txias. Biomaterial tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev tshaj li ob teev ua ntej kev kawm.
Peb saib seb muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis txhais tau li cas.
