Kab lus no yuav xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog, lub cev lub zog tiv thaiv nws cov hlwb los ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws (antigens) lossis cov kab mob (cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob). Kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim tau ob txoj hauv kev. Thawj yog humoral thiab yog yam ntxwv los ntawm zus tau tej cov proteins tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv - gamma globulins, thiab lub thib ob yog cellular, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub phenomenon ntawm phagocytosis. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov hlwb tshwj xeeb hauv cov kabmob uas cuam tshuam nrog endocrine thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.
Macrophage cells: yog dab tsi?
Macrophages, ua ke nrog lwm cov hlwb tiv thaiv (monocytes), yog cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm phagocytosis - cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntes thiab zom cov khoom txawv teb chaws lossis cov kab mob pathogenic uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tau piav qhia tau tshawb pom thiab kawm los ntawm Lavxias tus kws kho mob physiologist I. Mechnikov hauv xyoo 1883. Lawv kuj tsim tau qhov ntawdKev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes suav nrog phagocytosis - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv lub cell genome los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm txawv teb chaws hu ua antigens.
Nws yuav tsum nkag siab cov lus nug: macrophages - cov hlwb no yog dab tsi? Nco qab lawv cytogenesis. Cov hlwb no tau muab los ntawm cov monocytes uas tau tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua diapedesis. Nws tshwm sim yog tsim ntawm macrophages nyob rau hauv lub parenchyma ntawm lub siab, ntsws, lymph nodes thiab spleen.
Piv txwv li, alveolar macrophages thawj zaug hu rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws parenchyma los ntawm cov receptors tshwj xeeb. Cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob no ces nqus thiab zom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob, yog li tiv thaiv cov kab mob ua pa ntawm cov kab mob thiab lawv cov co toxins, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws nrog ib feem ntawm huab cua thaum nqus tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug pov thawj tias alveolar macrophages zoo ib yam li kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv cov qe ntshav - monocytes.
Cov qauv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Phagocytic hlwb muaj cov qauv cytological tshwj xeeb, uas txiav txim siab cov haujlwm ntawm macrophages. Lawv cov cell membrane muaj peev xwm tsim pseudopodia, uas ua haujlwm los ntes thiab ntim cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm muaj ntau yam digestive organelles - lysosomes, uas ua kom lub lysis ntawm toxins, kab mob los yog kab mob. Mitochondria kuj tseem muaj, synthesizing molecules ntawm adenosine triphosphoric acid,uas yog lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm macrophages. Muaj ib tug system ntawm tubules thiab tubules - ib tug endoplasmic reticulum nrog protein-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes. Yuav tsum muaj ib lossis ntau lub nuclei, feem ntau tsis xwm yeem nyob rau hauv cov duab. Multinucleated macrophages yog hu ua symplasts. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm intracellular karyokinesis, tsis muaj kev sib cais ntawm cytoplasm nws tus kheej.
Type of macrophages
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv qab no, siv lo lus "macrophages", tias qhov no tsis yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis yog ib qho cytosystem heterogeneous. Piv txwv li, qhov sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob ruaj khov thiab dawb tiv thaiv. Thawj pab pawg muaj xws li alveolar macrophages, phagocytes ntawm parenchyma thiab kab noj hniav ntawm lub cev. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem muaj nyob hauv osteoblasts thiab cov qog ntshav qog ntshav. Depository thiab hematopoietic plab hnyuv siab raum - lub siab, spleen thiab liab pob txha pob txha - kuj muaj taag macrophages.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes yog dab tsi
Cov hom phagocytes saum toj no tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv cov kab ke macrophage uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, uas ncaj qha muab lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem lawv los ntawm kev ntes thiab zom zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes suav nrog cov kab ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm T- thiab B-lymphocytes uas khi rau saum npoo ntawm cov kab mob, cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev: rickettsiae thiab chlamydia..
Peripheral tiv thaiv kab mob hematopoietic kab mob sawv cev los ntawm tonsils, tus pothiab lymph nodes tsim ib tug functionally unified system lub luag hauj lwm rau ob qho tib si hematopoiesis thiab immunogenesis.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm macrophages hauv kev tsim lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Tom qab kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis, tom kawg muaj peev xwm "nco" biochemical profile ntawm cov kab mob thiab teb nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau nws rov nkag mus rau hauv lub cell nyob. Muaj ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob nco: zoo thiab tsis zoo. Ob leeg ntawm lawv yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lymphocytes, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv thymus, spleen, nyob rau hauv cov plaques ntawm lub plab hnyuv phab ntsa thiab lymph nodes. Cov no suav nrog derivatives ntawm lymphocytes - monocytes thiab hlwb - macrophages.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob nco yog, qhov tseeb, lub cev muaj nuj nqis rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Txij li thaum lub hlwb nco tau sai sai pom cov antigens pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv tam sim ntawd teb nrog cov tsim sai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo yog coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv transplantology kom txo qis qib ntawm kev tsis lees txais cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm hematopoietic thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Txhua lub hlwb siv los ntawm lub cev los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab cov tshuaj lom yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha liab, uas kuj yog cov kab mob hematopoietic. Lub caj pas thymus, los yog thymus, muaj feem xyuam rau cov kab mob endocrine, ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv tib neeg lub cev, ob qho tib si pob txha pob txha liab thiab thymus yog qhov tseem ceeblub cev ntawm immunogenesis.
Phagocytic cells rhuav tshem cov kab mob, uas feem ntau yog nrog los ntawm kev mob hauv cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Lawv tsim ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb - platelet activating factor (PAF), uas ua rau kom cov hlab ntsha permeability. Yog li, ntau tus macrophages los ntawm cov ntshav nkag mus rau qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob pathogenic thiab rhuav tshem nws.
Tau kawm macrophages - cov hlwb zoo li cas, nyob rau hauv lub cev lawv tsim thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas - peb tau ntseeg tias, nrog rau lwm hom lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), lawv yog cov cov hlwb tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
