Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog txheej txheej ntawm cov cellular thiab humoral txhais tau tias tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab qog nqaij hlav. Nws yog pom tau hais tias vim muaj cov hlwb xws li lymphocytes, plasma hlwb thiab macrophages. Nws yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum nkag siab ntau ntxiv. Tus nqi ntawm cov hlwb no zoo heev rau lub cev thiab ua kom nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov chaw nruj.
Keeb kwm ntawm macrophages
Macrophage yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, uas, tom qab tsiv teb tsaws los ntawm lub txaj vascular nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cytokines, sib txawv rau hauv phagocyte. Hais lus nruj me ntsis, macrophages yog phagocytes, uas yog, cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj peev xwm ntes cov antigens thiab nthuav tawm lawv ntawm lawv daim nyias nyias rau plasma hlwb. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm phagocytize antigens, tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Lub monocyte, ib lub xovtooj ntawm cov pob txha pob txha hauv keeb kwm, ncig hauv cov ntshav, ua haujlwm ua ntej ntawm phagocyte. ATmacrophage, nws tig tom qab nws nkag mus rau qhov chaw intercellular los ntawm lub txaj vascular. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cytokines, nws ntaus ntawv tshwm sim.
Macrophage ntau yam
Macrophages yog hom qe ntshav dawb uas tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv cov hlab ntsha. Lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw interalveolar, hauv tus po, ntawm cov paj hlwb, hauv cov qog ntshav thiab hauv cov serous membranes. Lawv kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv cov neeg coob hauv qhov chaw intercellular ntawm lwm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas lawv tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm antigens. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw, qee hom macrophages raug cais tawm. Ntau yam ntawm cov hlwb no tso cai rau koj taug qab cov antigens uas lawv yuav raug phagocytosed.
thawj hom macrophage yog histiocyte. Qhov no yog hom phagocyte feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws yog ib lub xovtooj loj txog li 80 microns loj uas ntes cov kab mob, kab mob lossis lwm lub cev thiab zom lawv.
Hom thib ob yog cov qog ntshav qab zib macrophages. Hauv cov qauv, lawv txawv me ntsis ntawm histiocytes thiab ua haujlwm zoo sib xws.
Resident macrophages
Hom thib peb yog cov neeg nyob hauv macrophages. Ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm phagocytes uas tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, alveolar, Kupffer hlwb, macrophages ntawm tus po, thiab dendritic hlwb yog txawv. Alveolar macrophages nyob rau hauv qhov chaw interalveolar, qhov chaw uas lawv ntes cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, tshem tawm lawv los ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm lub cev ntawm nws ciam teb nrog huab cua. Wednesday.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev ntes cov khoom uas cov enzymes tsis tuaj yeem tawg, cov macrophage maj mam tuag. Tom qab ntawd, lub cev txawv teb chaws rov qab sib cuag nrog cov chaw sab nraud. Tshiab macrophages, zoo li lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kuj sim phagocytize nws los yog tsim foci ntawm fibrosis nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Qhov no ua rau mob ntsws ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm mining.
Kupffer thiab splenic macrophages
Kupffer hlwb yog ib hom kab mob macrophages nyob hauv daim siab. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog kom rhuav tshem cov ntshav hlwb uas tau muaj nyob hauv cov hlab ntshav tau ntev thiab tau poob lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Cov macrophage txheeb xyuas lawv los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau ploj thaum lub neej ntawm tes. Feem ntau, hom Kupffer rhuav tshem ntau cov leukocytes, qog ntshav qog, erythrocytes.
Splenic macrophages, zoo li Kupffer's, kuj tshem tawm erythrocytes thiab leukocytes los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nyob hauv tus po. Macrophages ntawm lub cev no tseem ntes cov hlau thiab, muaj ntau txaus ntawm nws, tsiv mus rau cov pob txha pob txha, dhau los ua cell pub rau cov qe ntshav liab tshiab. Qhov no qhia ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev thauj mus los uas macrophages ua. Nws yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm histology? Tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv raws li kev ua ntawm cytokines.
Dendrite neeg nyob macrophages
Macrophage cells nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm epithelium hu uadendritic. Lawv lub npe yog los ntawm kev muaj ntau cov txheej txheem, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes captures ib tug txawv teb chaws lub cev thiab yog txuas ntawm lub cytolemmas ntawm lwm cov epithelial hlwb. Dendritic macrophages nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab ib puag ncig sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, lawv nyob ze rau lub dermis, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv thiab bronchial epithelium, eccentric los ntawm lub qab daus daim nyias nyias.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm macrophages
Xav txog macrophages (lawv yog dab tsi, piav qhia saum toj no), nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov qauv. Ua ntej, lawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov thib ob, lawv loj. Thib peb, lawv yog cov txawb thiab tuaj yeem txav mus rau thaj chaw ntawm qhov mob uas muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cytokines. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Yog li, macrophages sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm seb muaj cov cytokines tshwj xeeb, thiab yog li ntawd, tom qab lawv hloov pauv, lawv tau txais cov receptors tshiab thiab ua haujlwm. Ntawd yog, lawv cov qauv sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Lawv kuj tuaj ntawm monocytes, qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov qe ntshav. Yog li ntawd, lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm 15 txog 80 microns tau muab tso rau hauv lawv txawm tias ua ntej sib txawv rau hauv cov neeg nyob hauv macrophages (dab tsi nws tau piav qhia saum toj no). Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg nyob hauv macrophage tshiab tuaj yeem faib nws tus kheej hauv qhov chaw, twb muaj lawv tus kheej cov txheej txheem affinity molecules los qhib phagocytosis yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cellular tiv thaiv.
Qhov thib peb ntawm cov qauv yog lub peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej txav mus rau cytokines. Raukev txav mus los, lawv muaj pseudopods, uas tseem tsim nyog los ua kom yooj yim tsim cov kab noj hniav thaum phagocytosis ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem hloov lawv cov duab, thawb los ntawm capillary fenestra. Tag nrho cov no ua rau cov macrophage yog phagocyte universal lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tshem tawm ncaj qha ntawm txawv teb chaws lub cev nyob rau hauv lub internal ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev.
