Dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction: kev faib tawm, ua rau, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

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Dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction: kev faib tawm, ua rau, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction: kev faib tawm, ua rau, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction: kev faib tawm, ua rau, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction: kev faib tawm, ua rau, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
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Kev mob plab hnyuv yog ib yam kab mob uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus los yog ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv, ob qho tib si tuab thiab nyias. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev txav ntawm txhua yam khoom noj, suav nrog cov khoom thiab cov kua dej, nrog rau qhov muaj mob hnyav hauv lub plab kab noj hniav. Lub plab zom mov tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm.

dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction
dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob

Dynamic ileus yog ib hom kab mob sib cais thiab tshwm sim hauv 10% ntawm cov neeg mob plab hnyuv. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau tau coj mus rau qhov kev kuaj mob no los ntawm qhov xav tau kom tsis suav nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm phais sai.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kuaj tus kab mob no yog qhov pathogenesis ntawm lub plab zom mov tsis zoo tsis yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis pom tseebthaiv kev txav ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog luv luv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev no yog qhov tshwm sim.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus kab mob nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam neurohormonal tsis ua haujlwm hauv tus neeg mob lub cev, nrog rau cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnyuv me thiab loj. Xav txog yam dab tsi cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob xws li kev mob plab hnyuv loj.

Cov tsos mob plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus
Cov tsos mob plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus

Ua rau kab mob

Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no txawv los ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tiav hauv cov tshuaj, nws tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob hauv nqe lus nug. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem xws li kev mob plab hnyuv loj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction ua rau
dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction ua rau
  • peritonitis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab hnyuv lossis mob pancreatitis;
  • mob mesenteric infarction;
  • tshuaj lom megacolon (Crohn's disease, Hirschsprung's disease, ulcerative colitis);
  • reflex xwm txheej (kev mob tom qab phais, colic, los ntshav, mob plab, pob txha caj qaum, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv plab hnyuv);
  • kab mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej neurogenic;
  • hloov pauv hauv qib hormonal (piv txwv li, cev xeeb tub);
  • kab mob metabolic (hypokalemia, ketoacidosis, uremia, intoxication).

Kev faib tawm ntawm dynamicplab hnyuv obstruction

Hauv tshuaj, txhua qhov kev kuaj mob muaj nws tus kheej tus lej, npe thiab feem ntau lees txais cov qauv kev kho mob. Xws li ib tug kab mob raws li dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction yog tsis muaj kev zam. ICD 10 (International Classification of Diseases) faib cov kab mob raws li nram no:

  • class XI "Cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov" (K00-K93);
  • section "Lwm yam kab mob hauv plab" (K55-K63);
  • kuaj kab mob - K56.6;
  • name - "Lwm yam thiab tsis tau qhia txog plab hnyuv."

Hauv kev kho mob, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom kev mob plab hnyuv loj:

  • pastic;
  • tus kab mob.

Spastic plob tsis so tswj

Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv kev kho mob, feem ntau pom nrog lwm tus kab mob. Feem ntau qhov ua rau tus kab mob yog kis kab mob hauv lub cev nrog cov kab mob los yog pylorospasm, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev yug me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm lwm yam ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem raug sau tseg: kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, neurosis, dyskinesia.

Koj tuaj yeem tshem tau ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov txheej txheem kev saib xyuas, txij li nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los siv kev cuam tshuam kev phais hauv qhov xwm txheej no.

Spastic plob tsis so tswj: cov tsos mob

Hauv cov neeg laus, tus kab mob no tshwm sim ntau dua li cov menyuam yaus, tab sis nws cov tsos mob zoo ib yam thaum muaj hnub nyoog. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov pib tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Tus neeg mob yws ntawm luv luvmob plab plab uas tsis muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.

Cov neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no qhia cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • mob plab plab;
  • tsis sib xws tsam plab thiab puv nkaus;
  • xeev siab, ntuav, cem quav.

Thaum palpation ntawm lub plab, ib qho kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv me yog palpated, lub plab nws tus kheej tseem mos. Kev ua txhaum cai los ntawm lwm lub tshuab tsis raug soj ntsuam. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg mob tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Paralytic ileus

Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tuag tes tuag taw ntawm plab hnyuv peristalsis, nrog rau kev rov qab sai sai ntawm kev ua haujlwm vivacity ntawm cov kab mob neuromuscular. Muaj reflex thiab postoperative paralytic ileus.

Nrog rau daim ntawv reflex ntawm tus kab mob, khaus ntawm lub siab xav ntawm lub paj hlwb autonomic. Postoperative obstruction muaj ib tug complex genesis thiab muaj ntau dua tom qab ntau yam kev ua hauj lwm ua nyob rau hauv lub plab mog.

Cov laj thawj hauv qab no ua rau muaj kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob:

  • cov txheej txheem mob plab hauv plab;
  • bruising (phlegmon) ntawm cheeb tsam retroperitoneal;
  • daim duab dav dav pom tom qab ua haujlwm xws li laparotomy;
  • qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob pathological xws li pleurisy, pneumonia, myocardial infarction;
  • thrombosis ntawm mesenteric hlab ntsha;
  • kab mob kis yav dhau los, suav nrog tshuaj lom paresis.

Muaj ntau theem ntawm qhov nokab mob:

Kuv theem. "Compensated ua txhaum cai" - nws yog sib npaug rau ib tug raug postoperative plab hnyuv paresis. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsos mob yuav kav ntev li 2-3 hnub.

II theem. "Subcompensated disorders" - tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias muaj ib qho o tseem ceeb, muaj cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication thiab peritonism ntawm lub cev. Perist altic suab nrov tsis hnov. Muaj ntau lub cim pom ntawm x-ray.

III theem. "Decompensated disorders" - lub cev nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm intoxication tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam plab hnyuv adynamia, ntuav ntawm cov hnyuv. Muaj cov tsos mob ntawm plab khaus khaus, lub plab yog o heev. X-ray kuaj pom muaj ntau theem kab rov tav ntawm cov kua hauv cov hlab ntsha (me me thiab loj tib lub sijhawm).

IV theem. "Pab tuag tes tuag taw ntawm txoj hnyuv" - nyob rau theem no, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub neej. Cov kab mob tsis zoo tau hnov txog los ntawm cov neeg mob.

Vim tias cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tseem tsis tau tsim cov tsos mob sib txawv ntawm ntau yam pathologies uas tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm tom qab phais, yog li ntawd, kev kuaj mob ntxov yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem

Paralytic ileus: Cov tsos mob

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob no, qhov kev mob hnyav hnyav heev. Nws hnov mob tas li, uas muaj tus cwj pwm txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog khaus ntau npaum li nrog cov khoom siv hauv plab hnyuv. Muaj ntuav nrogntsuab admixture. Tus neeg mob sau tseg qhov kev nce hauv cov tsos mob ntawm exsicosis, toxicosis, nrog rau kev nyuaj siab plawv.

Nrog rau tus neeg tuag tes tuag taw, tus neeg mob lub plab o, los ntawm nws phab ntsa pem hauv ntej koj tuaj yeem pom qhov nce ntawm cov voj voog ntawm cov hnyuv uas tsis yog perist altic. Yog tias tsis muaj cov tsos mob peritoneal, ces thaj tsam plab yog mos rau qhov kov.

Vim tus kab mob no yog ib txheej txheej txheem, tus neeg mob tus mob no zuj zus zuj zus tuaj. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, tachycardia thiab ua tsis taus pa luv, tsam plab, sluggish perist altic suab nrov, uas tsis tshua hnov, tuaj yeem raug sau tseg. ntuav zuj zus.

Nyob rau theem kawg, muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm morphological hauv cov khoom siv neuromuscular. Tus neeg mob yws yws ntawm cov pa thiab cov quav khaws cia, tsis tshua tso zis.

Dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction hauv me nyuam

Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov mob plab hnyuv loj tuaj ntau dua, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv tuag tes tuag taw. Cov laj thawj hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob hauv menyuam yaus:

dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
  • obstructive lossis strangulation obstruction;
  • txwv lossis diffuse peritonitis;
  • mob plab;
  • pneumonia;
  • pleural empyema;
  • mob plab hnyuv ua haujlwm.

Ntau zaus, cov plab hnyuv tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus hauv lub sijhawm tom qab phais. Tsis tas li ntawd ua rau lub maturation ntawm tus tuag tes tuag taw daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob notej zaum yuav yog hypokalemia.

Kev phom sij ntawm kev mob hauv menyuam yaus yog qhov ua rau poob dej ntau thiab ntsev vim ntuav tas li, tsis qab los noj mov, tso tawm cov poov tshuaj los ntawm lub raum, hypoproteinemia. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus mob tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav dua los ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo thiab cov kab mob.

Kev mob plab hnyuv hauv cov menyuam mos tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam hauv qab no:

  • prematurity;
  • kev ua txhaum ntawm kev cuam tshuam;
  • siv tshuaj (nrog rau tus poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub);
  • hypermagnesemia;
  • siv sijhawm ntev ntawm tus heroin;
  • siv hexamethonium;
  • sepsis;
  • enteritis;
  • kab mobCNS;
  • necrotizing enterocolitis;
  • kab mob endocrine.
pathogenesis ntawm dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction
pathogenesis ntawm dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction

Kev mob plab hnyuv hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj, tab sis nws yooj yim kuaj tau thiab ua kom tau raws sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua xyem xyav ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li ib qho kev cuam tshuam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis mus succumb mus rau lub temptation ntawm kev kho tus kheej, tab sis nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Qhov tshwm sim ua rau tuag taus yog kev txhim kho tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej uas muaj teeb meem xws li plab hnyuv tsis muaj zog.

kuaj mob

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab ci ntsa iab, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm nws qhov kev kuaj mob. Cov kev kuaj mob hauv qab no yog siv:

dynamic plab hnyuv obstructionkuaj mob
dynamic plab hnyuv obstructionkuaj mob
  • sib sau anamnesis;
  • kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob;
  • x-ray kuaj ntawm cov kabmob hauv thaj tsam plab (qhov muaj cov pa roj ntau dua cov kua hauv cov hnyuv tseem ceeb);
  • Ultrasound (tsis yog yuav tsum tau, vim nws tsis yog qhov qhia tau txaus);
  • CBC.

Dynamic ileus: kho

Raws li txoj cai, kev kho tus kab mob yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm thawj qhov ua rau ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob (kab mob sib kis, mob ntsws, mob peritonitis, thiab lwm yam). Yog hais tias tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm toxicity los yog reflex tshwm sim, conservative kev kho mob yog tsim nyog, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kho mob rau tag nrho cov tsis zoo tshwm sim, uas ua rau ib tug nres ntawm cov txheej txheem plab hnyuv peristalsis. Cov kev kho no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev qhia cov tshuaj xws li sodium chloride rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nrog rau cov piam thaj. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau yaug cov hnyuv nrog ib qho enema, yog tias tsim nyog, ntxig lub plab hnyuv. Thaum mob siab, tso cai rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Yog tias tus neeg mob tus mob tsis zoo nyob rau hauv 6 teev ntawm kev kho mob, kev phais yog ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev phais xwm txheej ceev tau ua rau kev mob plab hnyuv hauv plab.

mob dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction
mob dynamic plab hnyuv obstruction

Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm muaj kev tshem tawm ib feem ntawm txoj hnyuv, uas tsis ua nws txoj haujlwm ntxiv lawm. tshwj xeebThaum mob hnyav, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom lub cev colostomy (ib qho khoom siv lub qhov quav nyob rau hauv lub plab phab ntsa, uas cov quav txav mus thiab muaj lub sijhawm nkag mus rau hauv lub hnab tshwj xeeb txuas nrog).

Nws tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tau tshem tawm ib ntu ntawm txoj hnyuv tsuas yog thaum muaj kev mob plab. Raws li qhov xwm txheej no, koj tuaj yeem ua ncaj rau cov hnyuv los ntawm kev hla cov pa hauv cov hnyuv thiab saib xyuas tag nrho cov duab nrog kev pab ntawm X-rays.

Kev kho mob tom qab kev phais muaj ib tus neeg noj zaub mov, uas nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm kev phais. Thawj ob hnub tom qab ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob tau pom zoo kom nyob hauv txoj haujlwm Fowler, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua kev ua pa. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txais kev kho tshuaj, uas suav nrog kev kho mob detoxification, normalization ntawm electrolyte metabolism, kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, stimulants ntawm txoj hnyuv, thiab, yog tias qhia, kho hormonal.

Nrog cov teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm postoperative, ua rau lub qhov txhab hnyav dua, los ntshav, peritonitis, kab mob peritoneal nplaum yog ua tau.

Nrog rau lub plab zom mov tsis zoo, ib yam li lwm yam kab mob, nws tsis yog qhov kev kho mob ntau yam, tab sis yog qhov kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Txoj kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li:

  • kho qhov sib npaug ntawm electrolyte;
  • tshuaj kho nrog prokinetics;
  • noj tshuaj tua kab mob;
  • ib qho khoom noj uas tsim nyog uas muaj roj tsawg, cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab cov zaub mov cog uas muaj cov khoom xyaw tsis txaustib neeg lub cev.

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