Papillary thyroid carcinoma: ua rau, tsos mob, theem thiab nta ntawm kev kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Papillary thyroid carcinoma: ua rau, tsos mob, theem thiab nta ntawm kev kho mob
Papillary thyroid carcinoma: ua rau, tsos mob, theem thiab nta ntawm kev kho mob

Video: Papillary thyroid carcinoma: ua rau, tsos mob, theem thiab nta ntawm kev kho mob

Video: Papillary thyroid carcinoma: ua rau, tsos mob, theem thiab nta ntawm kev kho mob
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Anonim

Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob qhia tias cov kab mob thyroid tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj. Lawv raug kuaj pom hauv txhua tus neeg thib peb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus. Cov kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog mob qog noj ntshav (carcinoma) ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Qhov kev kuaj mob no ntshai txhua tus uas tsuas hnov cov lus no xwb. Tab sis qhov tseeb, txhua yam tsis txaus ntshai li nws zoo li. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no zoo heev uas nws tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas tus kab mob thaum ntxov thiab ua tiav tshem tawm. Cia peb xav txog qhov nthuav dav ib yam ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, uas yog hu ua "papillary thyroid carcinoma".

papillary thyroid carcinoma
papillary thyroid carcinoma

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob

mob qog noj ntshav papillary ntau dua li lwm hom. Ib tug malignant tsim tshwm los ntawm ib tug noj qab nyob zoo cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, yog pom tau hais tias raws li ib tug cyst los yog ib tug loj uneven qog. Hauv 80% ntawm tag nrho cov mob, tus neeg mob tswj kom rov zoo los ntawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav no.

Yog tias peb tham txog lwm hom mob qog noj ntshav, ces piv nrog lawv, papillary cancer muajvaj tse yuav siv sij hawm ntev los txhim kho. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov metastases ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma feem ntau kis mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav.

Raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog 1 ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg mob, qee zaus muaj ob peb. Feem ntau raug tus kab mob no thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30-55, feem ntau yog poj niam (tab sis qee zaum txiv neej kuj kuaj tau tus kab mob no).

Yog vim li cas

Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias yog vim li cas cov thyroid mob qog noj ntshav. Cov kws kho mob hais tias, feem ntau yuav, yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv cell mutation. Vim li cas cov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim kuj tsis meej.

qog nqaij hlav tom qab cov hlwb hloov pauv. Lawv pib loj hlob, maj mam cuam tshuam cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev.

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb qhia, papillary thyroid carcinoma tshwm sim vim:

  • tsis txaus ntawm iodine hauv lub cev;
  • ib puag ncig;
  • ionizing hluav taws xob;
  • hormonal ntshawv siab;
  • Ycongenital pathology;
  • tus cwj pwm phem (kev haus luam yeeb, haus cawv);
  • nquag kis kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa.
papillary thyroid carcinoma ciaj sia taus
papillary thyroid carcinoma ciaj sia taus

Signs

Daim ntawv mob qog noj ntshav no maj mam zuj zus, yog li nyob rau theem pib nws raug txiav txim los ntawm lub sijhawm, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov tsos mob. Ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev tsis xis nyob, tsis muaj dab tsi mob, nws ua lub neej tag nrho. Thaum cov qog pib loj tuaj, nws ua rau mob hauv caj dab. Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem hnov qab nws tus kheejtxawv teb chaws foob.

Nyob rau theem tom ntej, papillary thyroid carcinoma ua rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • loj ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog (feem ntau ntawm ib sab uas muaj qog nqaij hlav malignant);
  • mob caj dab;
  • Ntseeg lub cev hnov thaum nqos;
  • qee zaum lub suab nrov nrov;
  • ua pa nyuaj tshwm;
  • thaum nplawm caj dab (tshwj xeeb yog thaum tus neeg pw ntawm nws sab), qhov tsis xis nyob tseem ceeb.
papillary thyroid carcinoma prognosis
papillary thyroid carcinoma prognosis

Stages

Puas yog papillary thyroid cancer cais qee yam? Cov theem, cov cim qhia uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev kuaj mob:

1. Hnub nyoog qis dua 45:

  • I theem: qhov loj ntawm kev kawm ib yam. Qee zaum cov qog nqaij hlav cancer kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ze, xws li cov qog ntshav qog. Metastases tsis kis mus rau lwm yam kabmob. Tus neeg ntawd yeej tsis hnov tej tsos mob tshwm sim, tiam sis tej zaum kuj muaj qhov hnov qab me ntsis, mob me ntsis hauv caj dab.
  • II theem: muaj zog loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Metastases cuam tshuam rau cov qog ntshav qog thiab cov kabmob uas nyob ze rau cov thyroid caj pas (lub ntsws, pob txha). Cov paib muaj zog txaus kom pom.

2. Hnub nyoog tshaj 45:

  • Kuv theem: cov qog tsis ntau tshaj 2 cm, tsis muaj lwm yam kabmob cuam tshuam rau papillary thyroid cancer. Cov tsos mob ntawm theem: tus neeg tsis xav hloov ntau, lossis cov tsos mob me me.
  • II theem: cov qog tsis mus dhau ciam tebcov thyroid, tab sis qhov loj ncav cuag 4 cm.
  • Stage III: loj dua 4 cm, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer kis rau cov kabmob nyob ze.

daim duab loj

Qhov zoo li lub pob los yog foob yog thawj yam uas pib mob qog noj ntshav. Carcinoma ntawm papillary thyroid caj pas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib leeg formations, nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj ntau yam. Yog hais tias lub pob yog tob, thiab nws qhov loj me tsis tseem ceeb, ces tus neeg yuav nrhiav tsis tau nws tus kheej. Malignant qog mus txog 1 cm tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txawm tias los ntawm tus kws endocrinologist. Tsuas yog tom qab ib qho ultrasound yog cov qauv me me uas pom lossis tom qab cov qog nqaij hlav cancer pib kis mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, thiab lawv, dhau los, nce.

Nrog me me ntawm cov nodes, tus kab mob hu ua "pib papillary carcinoma". Xws li formations tsis txaus ntshai heev, txawm nyob rau theem ntawm metastasis. Cov qog txav tau yooj yim hauv cov thyroid caj pas, tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum nqos. Tab sis thaum cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig, qhov mob ua rau tsis muaj zog.

Metastases tsis tshua kis mus rau lwm yam kabmob (tsuas yog cov qog ntshav qog ntshav). Qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau theem siab ntawm tus kab mob. Metastases zoo li tsis ua rau lawv tus kheej xav tau ntev. Feem ntau, cov qog nqaij hlav papillary cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav, tsis tshua kis mus rau lwm lobe ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.

Ntseeg ntawm cov hlwb

Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua phem:

  • size - los ntawm ob peb millimeters mus rau ob peb centimeters;
  • ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tshua muajmitoses pom;
  • qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim yuav yog calcium deposition lossis cicatricial hloov;
  • qog tsis encapsulated;
  • cells tsis muaj hormonal ua haujlwm.
Kev kho mob ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma
Kev kho mob ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma

Examination

Thaum xub thawj, tus kws kho mob palpates lub caj dab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam kuj palpable. Yog tias tus kws kho mob pom ib yam dab tsi, tus neeg mob raug xa mus rau ultrasound, uas yuav pab txiav txim seb muaj cov formations, lawv qhov loj thiab cov qauv.

Daim duab cytological ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj xyuas. Rau qhov no, siv ib rab koob aspiration biopsy, uas tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li kev taw qhia ultrasound.

Yuav kom nkag siab yog tias muaj cov kab mob metastases hauv lwm lub cev, tus neeg mob tsis tau xa x-ray.

cytological daim duab ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma
cytological daim duab ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma

tseem ceeb

Cytological papillary thyroid carcinoma yog ib qho misnomer uas tsis muaj kev nkag siab. Muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm "kev ntsuam xyuas cytological" (kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob pathology) thiab "papillary carcinoma".

Kev kho mob

Yuav ua li cas pab tus neeg mob kuaj mob papillary thyroid carcinoma? Kev kho mob muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Nrog cov kab mob zoo li no, siv cov thyroidectomy. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv rau kev ua haujlwm:

  • ib nrab thyroidectomy;
  • tag nrho thyroidectomy.

Yuav ua kom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tag nrho, lawv mus rauradioactive iodine kho tom qab phais.

YPartial thyroidectomy

Kev phais mob ntawm hom no yog qhia rau cov neeg mob uas muaj qhov me me ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, uas nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov lobules ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tsis kis mus rau lwm qhov. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub node tsis tshaj 1 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 2 teev.

Tus neeg mob tsis raug hem nrog kev txhim kho ntawm hypothyroidism, vim tias cov tshuaj hormones yog tsim los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Qee zaum yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuaj hormone hloov pauv.

Tag nrho cov thyroidectomy

Cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov thyroid caj pas. Ob lub lobes ntawm lub cev yog excised, nrog rau cov isthmus uas txuas lawv. Qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no thaum lawv loj heev, thiab metastases pom nyob rau hauv lawv. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog kwv yees li 4 teev.

cytological papillary thyroid carcinoma
cytological papillary thyroid carcinoma

Tom qab kev phais zoo li no, tus neeg mob yuav tau noj tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj hormones rau lub neej. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj cov thyroid cov ntaub so ntswg nyob hauv lub cev.

Radioiodine Therapy

Txoj kev kho no yog siv thaum ua haujlwm lawm. Nws yog tsom rau kev rhuav tshem cov seem ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Metastases uas tau dhau mus rau hauv lub cev, mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Nrog kev pab ntawm radioactive iodine, nws muaj peev xwm tua cov hlwb. Feem ntau lawv nyob hauv cov thyroid caj pas nws tus kheej tom qab ib feem ntawm thyroidectomy.

Txawm tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau kis mus rau hauv lub ntsws, txoj kev kho hluav taws xob iodine tuaj yeem ua tiav tshem tawm ntawm lawv.

Post-operative period

Thyroectomy yog ib qho kev phais mob nyuaj, tab sis kev rov qab los tom qab nws tau nrawm heev. Feem ntau cov neeg mob uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm zoo li no yuav tsis hnov qhov tsis xis nyob ntau tom qab tus txheej txheem. Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv txoj kev ua neej li qub tam sim tom qab tawm hauv tsev kho mob.

Qee tus neeg xav tias tom qab tus txheej txheem yuav tsis muaj peev xwm noj, haus dej. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Qhov kev txiav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev nqos ntawm cov khoom noj thiab kua.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Nyob tsis tshua muaj, kev ua haujlwm xaus nrog cov teeb meem:

  1. Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha rov qab, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub suab.
  2. Haarseness lossis hloov me ntsis hauv lub suab. Qee lub sij hawm lub suab hloov mus ib txhis.
  3. Kev raug mob rau cov qog nqaij hlav parathyroid. Lawv nyob tom qab cov thyroid caj pas, yog li lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Tab sis qhov no tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv inexperienced kws phais. Kev puas tsuaj ua rau cuam tshuam kev sib pauv ntawm phosphorus thiab calcium. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov no ua rau hypoparathyroidism.

Huab cua

Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau papillary thyroid carcinoma tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg? Qhov kev cia siab yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Txawm hais tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau kis mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem nyob tau ntev. Kev txheeb cais qhia tias tom qab kev phais ib tus neeg muaj sia nyob:

  • tshaj 20 xyoo hauv 70% ntawm tus neeg mob;
  • tshaj 10 xyoo hauv 85% ntawm tus neeg mob;
  • tshaj 5 xyoos 95% ntawm lub sijhawm.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, papillary thyroid carcinoma tsis txaus ntshai. Qhov ciaj sia taus yog qhov siab heev txawm tias cov qog tau kis dhau ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.

xeem ntxiv

Tom qab kev kho mob tag nrho, ib tus neeg yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob endocrinologist tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau saib xyuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv. Qee lub sij hawm tus mob qog noj ntshav rov qab los, yog li koj yuav tau mus kuaj tag nrho txhua xyoo:

  • kuaj ntshav (qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov kho yog txiav txim siab, nrog rau muaj cov qog nqaij hlav, cov metastases seem);
  • Ultrasound ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab cov qog nqaij hlav;
  • lub cev scan nrog iodine.
metastases ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma
metastases ntawm papillary thyroid carcinoma

Papillary thyroid cancer yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai, tab sis feem ntau nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog kev phais, tom qab ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tua kab mob iodine.

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