Kev haus luam yeeb tau dhau los ua teeb meem loj niaj hnub no. Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias nws muaj kev phom sij, tab sis ntau tus tseem haus luam yeeb. Nicotine muaj nyob rau hauv cov luam yeeb, txawm nyob rau hauv me me koob tshuaj, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Qhov teeb meem yog tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg nkag siab tias nicotine yog dab tsi thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Wb sib tham txog qhov teeb meem no!
yam ntxwv dav dav
Yog li nicotine yog alkaloid pom hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg nightshade. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov luam yeeb, tab sis muaj 66 lwm cov qoob loo uas muaj nws tsawg dua. Me me ntawm nicotine txawm pom muaj nyob rau hauv zaub xws li txiv lws suav, tswb peppers, qos yaj ywm thiab eggplant.
Hauv kev haus luam yeeb qhuav, nicotine tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 0.3 mus rau 5% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Nws biosynthesis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, thiab nws tsub zuj zuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nplooj. Nicotine yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim, oily kua. Nws boils ntawm 247.6 ° C thiab darkens sai heev thaum raug huab cua. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60-210 ° C, nicotine ib nrab yaj hauv dej. Thiab ntawm qhov kub qis dua 60 thiab siab dua 210 ° C, nws sib tov zoo nrog dej.
Npe"nicotine" tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Jean Nicot, uas yog Fabkis Ambassador rau lub tsev hais plaub Portuguese. Nyob rau hauv 1560, nws xa poj huab tais Catherine de 'Medici ib co luam yeeb raws li ib tug kho mob migraines. Ntxiv nrog rau migraines, lawv tau kho mob rheumatism, hawb pob, mob hniav thiab qhov txhab.
Nicotine thiab tib neeg
Txij thaum tsis ntev los no, tib neeg tau haus luam yeeb. Lub ntiaj teb keeb kwm ntawm luam yeeb muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Russia, piv txwv li, luam yeeb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ivan lub txaus ntshai. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj nicotine tsuas yog pib thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thiab txog tam sim no, txoj kev ua neej tsis zoo yog yeej, noj ntau thiab ntau tus neeg. Cov tub rog loj ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb coj cov txiaj ntsig rau cov tuam txhab luam yeeb. Thiab txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev ntsuas uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov koom haum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, hauv ntau lub tebchaws, luam yeeb tseem yog cov tshuaj siv tau tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig.
Siv nicotine
Nicotine tau noj peb txoj hauv kev: haus luam yeeb, zom thiab nqus luam yeeb. Cov khoom no yuav sai sai absorbed los ntawm lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov ncauj, lub kwj dej ntawm lub alimentary thiab lub ntsws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nicotine tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txawm tias tsis zoo. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, cov khoom kis tau sai heev los ntawm cov ntshav. 7 vib nas this tom qab nqus cov pa luam yeeb, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Nicotine raug tshem tawm rau qee qhov ntawm lub cev tsawg kawg ob teev. Feem ntau, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov nicotine uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv luam yeeb yog nqus tau thaum haus luam yeeb. Qhov tseeb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj hlawv tawm. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj lom absorbed los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb nyob ntawm seb hom luam yeeb thiab nyob raulub xub ntiag ntawm lub tshuab luam yeeb. Thaum zom lossis hnia cov luam yeeb tshwj xeeb, ntau cov nicotine nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.
Txhais tau
Ib zaug hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau acetylcholine receptors. Nyob rau hauv tsawg concentrations, nws activates cov kev ua ntawm receptors. Qhov no ua rau nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormone adrenaline hauv cov ntshav. Kev tso tawm ntawm adrenaline ua rau lub plawv dhia nrawm, nce ntshav siab, ua pa nrawm thiab nce ntshav qabzib.
Hais rau lo lus nug ntawm seb nicotine puas tsim kev puas tsuaj, cov lus teb yog yooj yim: yeej muaj teeb meem. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, tsis tshua muaj leej twg yuav tsis ntseeg nws. Feem ntau, nicotine yog tshuaj lom tiag tiag. Nws cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si hauv nruab nrab thiab peripheral paj hlwb. Cov tshuaj ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ganglia ntawm lub paj hlwb autonomic. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws belongs rau cov chav kawm ntawm thiaj li hu ua ganglinar tshuaj lom. Kev noj ntau ntawm nicotine uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev muaj zog thiab ua rau tuag tes tuag taw, nrog rau kev ua tsis taus pa, uas sai sai ua rau lub plawv nres. Qhov koob tshuaj tuag rau tib neeg yog 0.5-1 mg / kg.
Txawm hais tias nws muaj zog toxicity, tsawg koob tshuaj nicotine ua ib tug psychostimulant. Nws cuam tshuam rau lub siab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev rau cov neeg sib txawv. Ua rau tso tawm adrenaline thiab piam thaj, cov tshuaj lom ua rau muaj kev zoo siab ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev xav, qhov no coj kev zoo siab ntawm kev so, kev thaj yeeb, nrog rau lub xeev me ntsis euphoric. Qee tus neeg haus luam yeeb muaj qhov txo qis hauv qab los noj mov thiab nce hauv cov metabolism, uas tuaj yeem ua tauua rau poob phaus.
Kev siv cov nicotine ntau zaus, ib tug neeg ua rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb nyob ntawm nws thiab rov qab los rau nws txhua lub sijhawm. Kev siv cov nicotine mus ntev ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem xws li kev tsis pom kev, kev puas tsuaj rau lub plab thiab cov hnyuv, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, kab mob plawv, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Ua ke nrog tar, nicotine tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev mob qog noj ntshav. Thiab cov txiv neej uas haus luam yeeb tau ntau xyoo raug hem nrog impotence.
Nthuav thiab cim kev siv
thawj koob tshuaj nicotine ua rau xeev siab thiab ntuav. Yog tias koj tseem haus luam yeeb, kev hloov pauv yuav pib, thiab cov reflexes yuav ploj mus. Tej zaum me ntsis excitation ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Raws li txoj cai, muaj kev so ntawm cov leeg pob txha thiab tshee ntawm tes. Tus neeg haus luam yeeb muaj lub sij hawm txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis txhim kho kev mloog thiab kev nco luv luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum haus luam yeeb, kev ntxhov siab ploj mus thiab qab los noj mov tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov txheej txheem zoo tau hloov pauv sai sai los ntawm qhov sib txawv thaum qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom hauv lub cev poob.
Nicotine lom yog qhia los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no: xeev siab thiab ntuav, mob plab, salivation, nce plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab, tsis meej pem, tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog.
Nicotine lom tsis tshua muaj. Raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam yaus uas sim haus luam yeeb ntau npaum li cov neeg laus raug tshuaj lom. Kev pab rau kev lom yog yooj yim: qhib nkag mus rau tshiabhuab cua, tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa los ntawm ntuav, ntxuav koj lub ntsej muag nrog dej txias. Thaum muaj tshuaj lom, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas txoj hlab pa thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob tom tus nplaig.
Cov paib sab nraud ntawm kev haus luam yeeb - qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm luam yeeb los ntawm qhov ncauj thiab tes, nrog rau cov ntiv tes daj los ntawm lub lim.
Sad statistics
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsis ntseeg tias cov pa luam yeeb muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev, sib cav tias lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo dua thaum haus luam yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txheeb cais ntau dua li eloquently ua pov thawj qhov opposite. Txhua 10 vib nas this, ib tug neeg tuag los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thoob ntiaj teb. Txog niaj hnub no, raws li kev txheeb cais qhia, luam yeeb tua txog peb lab tus tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, raws li tag nrho cov kev kwv yees, daim duab no yuav nce mus rau 10 lab. Muaj cov skeptics uas hais tias, piv rau tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no (kwv yees li 6 billion), 10 lab yog ib tug me me. Tab sis rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo poob rau hauv 10 lab, qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Yog tias qhov kev hloov no txuas ntxiv mus, nws thiaj li haus luam yeeb yuav tua txog 500 lab tus tib neeg nyob niaj hnub no. Thiab qhov no twb yog 9% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txij li xyoo 1950, kev haus luam yeeb tau tua 62 lab tus tib neeg - ntau dua li tuag thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias kev haus luam yeeb ua rau 6% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag thiab txog 3% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Ntxiv mus, tus lej tu siab tau nce zuj zus txhua hnub, thiab los ntawm 2020, 12% ntawm cov neeg tuag thoob ntiaj teb tau kwv yees.
nicotine siv qhov twg
Nicotine yog ib qho muaj zog heev neurotoxin uas muajcuam tshuam rau kab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog yav tas los nquag siv los ua tshuaj tua kab. Niaj hnub no, nicotine derivatives, xws li imidachlorpid, yog siv rau tib lub hom phiaj. Lub koom haum American Heart Association tau xaus lus tias kev haus luam yeeb muaj peev xwm lees paub tias yog ib qho teeb meem tshaj plaws niaj hnub no, vim nws tsis yooj yim kom tshem tau nws. Kuv xav tias cov kab yuav xav li cas rau tib neeg yog tias lawv paub tias tib neeg yeem siv cov tshuaj lom uas lawv raug lom?
txiaj ntsig ntawm nicotine
Txhua lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb, tsis muaj kev zam, sib cav tias nicotine yog cov tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias ntau cov nroj tsuag alkaloids, nrog rau cov tshuaj, yog siv los ua tshuaj. Yog li tej zaum nicotine zoo ib yam?
Hnub no, muaj ntau yam khoom tsim los hloov cov luam yeeb thiab, yog li ntawd, muab nicotine tag nrho. Ntawm lawv yog plasters, zom cov pos hniav thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no muaj tib yam nicotine ib yam li hauv luam yeeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho me me. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov alkaloid no los ua ib txoj hauv kev rau kev kho thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob xws li kev xav tsis zoo, Alzheimer's disease, herpes zoster, Parkinson's disease thiab plab hnyuv ulcer. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias yav tom ntej yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm nicotine. Tom qab tag nrho, raws li lawv hais, txhua yam yog tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj, thiab tsuas yog koob tshuaj yog qhov txiav txim siab.
Electronic luam yeeb
Tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua zam ua lwm txoj hauv kev haus luam yeebsiv lub npe hu ua luam yeeb. Lawv yog ib tug me me inhaler uas cov kua nrog nicotine yog rhuab thiab evaporated. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov luam yeeb yog, thawj zaug, siv cov nicotine purified (hauv kua, diluted daim ntawv) thiab, qhov thib ob, maj mam txiav luam yeeb. Cov kua rau luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua rau hauv tsev, nws muaj ntau yam khoom xyaw, ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hu ua nicotine "weaving" - ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm ib yam khoom. Nws yog tov nrog flavors thiab dej. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm sib txawv los ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb, thiab nws muaj peev xwm maj mam hloov mus rau cov kua luam yeeb tsis muaj nicotine.
Ntau tus yuav nug: "Vim li cas haus luam yeeb?" Qhov tseeb yog tias kev haus luam yeeb tsis yog tsuas yog kev quav tshuaj nicotine xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus cwj pwm los tuav tus kheej nrog qee yam. Yog li ntawd, rau cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg qhov muck zoo li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim los ntawm kev hloov luam yeeb yooj yim nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, peb rov ntseeg tias kev haus luam yeeb ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Tab sis ntxiv rau nicotine, luam yeeb muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los kawm kom txaus siab rau koj tus kheej nrog rau lwm yam thiab vam khom rau ib yam dab tsi qab ntxiag dua, piv txwv li, ntawm kev hlub, xws li hauv zaj nkauj "Thaum Nicotine". Peb xav kom koj noj qab nyob zoo!
