Feem ntau peb kawm los ntawm cov neeg laus coj los ntawm TV qhia txhua yam uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob hauv plab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav txhua yam, boil nws, noj kom raug, saturate lub cev nrog cov kab mob zoo thiab cov khoom zoo li ntawd.
Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Xyoo 1908, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias I. I. Mechnikov tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv Physiology, qhia (thiab ua pov thawj) rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb txog kev muaj nyob rau hauv dav dav thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phagocytosis hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
YPhagocytosis
Tiv thaiv peb lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob phem thiab kab mob tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no: muaj cov cim cim, lawv pom cov yeeb ncuab thiab cim nws, thiab cov neeg cawm siav nrhiav cov neeg txawv ntawm cov cim thiab rhuav tshem lawv.
Phagocytosis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj, uas yog, nqus cov kab mob tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj sia nyob los ntawm lwm cov kab mob lossis cov hlwb tshwj xeeb - phagocytes. Muaj 5 hom ntawm lawv. Thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej siv sijhawm li 3 teev thiab suav nrog 8 theem.
theem ntawm phagocytosis
Cia peb mus saib seb phagocytosis yog dab tsi. Cov txheej txheem no heevxaj thiab systemic:
• ua ntej, phagocyte pom cov khoom ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab txav mus rau nws - theem no hu ua chemotaxis;
• tau ntes tau nrog cov khoom, lub xovtooj tau ruaj khov, txuas rau nws, i.e. adheres;
• ces pib qhib nws lub plhaub - lub txheej membrane;
• tam sim no qhov tseeb phagocytosis nws tus kheej pib: qhov tshwm sim no yuav raug cim los ntawm kev tsim cov pseudopodia nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom;
• Maj mam cov phagocyte encloses lub teeb meem cell nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv nws daim nyias nyias, yog li ib tug phagosome yog tsim;
• nyob rau theem no phagosomes thiab lysosomes sib koom ua ke;
• tam sim no koj tuaj yeem zom txhua yam - rhuav tshem nws;
• nyob rau theem kawg, nws tsuas yog muab pov tseg cov khoom ntawm kev zom zaub mov.
Txhua yam! Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov kab mob tsis zoo yog ua tiav, nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub plab zom mov enzymes ntawm phagocyte los yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua pa tawg. Peb yeej!
Kev tso dag, tab sis phagocytosis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, ntxiv rau, hauv vertebrates thiab invertebrates.
Characters
Tsis yog phagocytes lawv tus kheej tsuas yog koom nrog phagocytosis. Txawm hais tias cov hlwb no yeej ib txwm npaj los tua, lawv yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yam tsis muaj cytokines. Tom qab tag nrho, phagocyte, yog li hais, yog qhov muag tsis pom. Nws tus kheej tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm nws tus kheej thiab lwm tus, lossis nws tsuas yog tsis pom dab tsi.
Cytokines yog qhov taw qhia, ib hom kev qhia rau phagocytes. Lawv muaj qee qhov zoo"vision", lawv zoo kawg nkaus to taub leej twg yog leej twg. Thaum pom tus kab mob lossis kab mob, lawv muab cov cim rau ntawm nws, uas, zoo li los ntawm tsw, phagocyte yuav pom nws.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cytokines yog qhov hu ua hloov pauv hloov pauv molecules. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, phagocytes tsis tsuas yog nrhiav pom qhov twg tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis kuj sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg, hu rau kev pab, tsa leukocytes.
Thaum peb txhaj tshuaj, peb cob qhia cov cytokines, peb qhia lawv kom paub txog tus yeeb ncuab tshiab.
Types of phagocytes
Cells muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis tau muab faib ua cov kws tshaj lij thiab tsis yog kws tshaj lij phagocytes. Cov kws tshaj lij yog:
•
monocytes - belongs rau leukocytes, muaj lub npe menyuam yaus "wipers", uas lawv tau txais rau lawv lub peev xwm nqus tau (yog tias kuv hais li ntawd, lawv muaj qab los noj mov zoo heev);
• macrophages yog cov noj loj uas noj cov hlwb tuag thiab puas thiab txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• Neutrophils ib txwm yog thawj zaug tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw kis kab mob. Lawv yog cov coob tshaj plaws, lawv neutralize yeeb ncuab zoo, tab sis lawv lawv tus kheej kuj tuag tib lub sij hawm (ib hom kamikaze). Los ntawm txoj kev, kua paug yog tuag neutrophils;
• dendrites - tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob thiab ua haujlwm sib cuag nrog ib puag ncig, • mast cells yog progenitors ntawm cytokines thiab scavengers ntawm Gram-negative bacteria.
