Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: cov lus qhia, kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem thiab tshuaj xyuas

Cov txheej txheem:

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: cov lus qhia, kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem thiab tshuaj xyuas
Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: cov lus qhia, kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem thiab tshuaj xyuas

Video: Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: cov lus qhia, kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem thiab tshuaj xyuas

Video: Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: cov lus qhia, kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem thiab tshuaj xyuas
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Qhov teeb meem ntawm urolithiasis tseem ceeb heev hauv urology. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob nephrolithiasis tsuas yog nce txhua xyoo. Yog tias tsis muaj kev ntsuas kev kho mob, tus kab mob sai sai ua rau ntau yam teeb meem ntawm txhua lub cev. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tshem tau nephrolithiasis yog kev phais. Ib qho kev kho mob zoo li no yog percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Cov txheej txheem yog me me invasive thiab qhia tau hais tias high efficiency.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy yog dab tsi?

hu rau nephrolithotripsy
hu rau nephrolithotripsy

Txoj kev no yog thawj zaug siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev qhib lub raum pob zeb tshem tawm xyoo 1973. Percutaneous (percutaneous contact) nephrolithotripsy yog ib txoj hauv kev kho urolithiasis los ntawm crushing raum pob zeb hauv kev sib cuag nrog lawv. Txoj kev ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qhov loj (ntau dua 1 cm), ib leeg thiab ntau lub raum pob zeb, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem staghorn.pob zeb formations nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub pelvicalyceal system ntawm cov taum zoo li lub cev.

Lub pob zeb tawg yog ua los ntawm kev nthuav tawm lawv mus rau qhov kev poob siab. Cov fragments raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub nephroscope siv ob-los yog peb-hniav gripper, Dormia pob tawb (lithoextractor) los yog lwm yam twj paj nruag: rab koob, ib tug Ellik evacuator.

Indications rau kev phais

urolithiasis
urolithiasis

Cov kws kho mob ntawm txoj kev phais ntawm kev kho mob urolithiasis feem ntau nyiam lithotripsy tej thaj chaw deb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov txheej txheem no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ua tsis zoo rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, tus kws kho mob xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tshem cov pob zeb hauv lub raum.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy yog sau rau cov lus qhia hauv qab no:

  • Ib pob lossis ntau lub pob zeb loj (ntau dua 20 mm).
  • Koral-zoo li calculi nyob rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm lub pyelocaliceal system ntawm lub raum.
  • Kab mob, oxalate, cystine pob zeb.
  • kev nyuaj siab.
  • Contraindications rau sab nraud lithotripsy lossis rov tshwm sim sai heev tom qab siv txoj kev no.
  • Kev kho tsis tau lwm yam.

YContraindications

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy feem ntau yog ib txoj kev phais uas muaj ntau yam uas tiv thaiv kev siv txoj kev no. Contraindications rau cov txheej txheem yog:

  • Txhua lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm cev xeeb tub.
  • Hemocoagulation disorders.
  • Hloov pauv hauv lub raum qauv, uas nkag mus rau pob zeb nyuaj.
  • Ureteral stricture.
  • kab mob plawv.
  • Nyob ntawm malignant neoplasms.

Thaum muaj kab mob thiab cov txheej txheem mob hnyav, kev ua haujlwm raug ncua. Kev phais tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog ob lub lis piam tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob. Tsis tas li, cov txheej txheem tsis tau ua thaum cev xeeb tub.

Yam kev ua haujlwm

nephroscope ntsuas
nephroscope ntsuas

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Lawv xaiv nyob ntawm hom thiab pes tsawg lub raum pob zeb.

  • Rau calculi loj dua 1.5 cm, hu rau crushing yog ua. Los ntawm cov twj paj nruag ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tsim los kuaj xyuas lub raum pelvis (nephroscope), lub kaus lithotriptor tau coj mus rau lub pob zeb - lub cuab yeej rau kev rhuav tshem lub pob zeb thiab kev sib tsoo yog ua nrog kev sib nqus (suction) ntawm cov khoom me me. Litholapaxy tuaj yeem ua tau siv lub ultrasonic lossis pneumatic lithotripter.
  • Nrog staghorn thiab ntau lub pob zeb, kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib cuag thiab tej thaj chaw deb lithotripsy yog siv. Thaum pib, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej nruj, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai ntim ntawm coral-zoo li suav suav raug tshem tawm, suav nrog nws cov pelvic fragment. Lub khob seem ntawm lub pob zeb yog crushed los ntawm tej thaj chaw deb lithotripsy. Feem ntau, tej thaj chaw deb lithotripsy yog hloov los ntawm fibronephroscopy. Lub fiberscope qhia cov duab tseeb uastxhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem.
  • Txhawm rau tshem cov pob zeb txog li 15 hli loj, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy nrog lithoextraction yog siv - qhov no yog crushing lub pob zeb nrog tom qab rho tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tsim los ntes pob zeb.
nephrolithotripsy nrog lithoextraction
nephrolithotripsy nrog lithoextraction

Tus kws kho mob urologist hauv txhua kis siv raws li txoj hauv kev kho mob uas yuav pab tus neeg mob tshem cov pob zeb nrog kev raug mob tsawg kawg nkaus rau tus neeg mob thiab lub raum.

Npaj rau kev phais

Tus kws kho mob urologist tau sau cov haujlwm tom qab kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob, kws kho mob nephrologist thiab tshuaj loog. Thaum pib, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov contraindications kom tsis muaj teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab kev phais, piv txwv li, Quincke's edema. Vim muaj kev fab tshuaj rau cov khoom siv tshuaj loog, cov caj pas o tuaj yeem tshwm sim, thiab tus neeg mob tuaj yeem ua tsis taus pa. Kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem ntawm percutaneous nephrolithotripsy muaj nyob rau hauv dhau ib txheej ntawm kev kuaj.

  • kuaj ntshav: CBC, kev tshuaj xyuas biochemical, kev txiav txim siab ntawm Rh factor, coagulogram, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HIV, cov cim kab mob siab B, C.
  • kuaj zis: kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav thiab kab mob kab mob.
  • Tshaj tawm quav rau cov qe qe.
  • YImmunoglobulin IgE.
  • Ultrasound raum scan.
  • Excretory urography.
  • Fluorography, ECG nrog kev txiav txim siab.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau txais qhov xaus ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb: tus kws kho mob endocrinologist (muaj lossis tsis muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus), kws kho mob phlebologist (txheeb xyuas cov leeg varicose). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej hnubcov lus xaus 1 hli.

txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm

ua haujlwm
ua haujlwm

Kev phais mob txhawm rau kho nephrolithiasis los ntawm kev sib tsoo pob zeb nrog lawv cov kev tshem tawm tom ntej yog feem ntau ua raws li kev npaj qhia. Kev ua haujlwm percutaneous nephrolithotripsy yog ua raws li kev siv tshuaj loog thiab muaj ob theem.

  1. Kev nkag mus rau lub raum pob zeb. Kev nkag mus yog ib theem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg tshwm sim thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kev nkag tau zoo ua rau nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pob zeb loj tshaj plaws. Ib lub calculus ntawm txhua qhov loj nyob rau hauv lub plab mog raug tshem tawm tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev pab cuam. Kev puncture ntawm lub raum phab ntsa yog ua nyob rau hauv X-ray thiab ultrasound tswj. Rau kev tuav pov hwm, ib txoj hlua raug ntsia rau hauv lub ureter, uas yog ib qho kev qhia thaum nthuav cov kab mob nephrostomy. Txoj hlua raug tshem tawm thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
  2. Tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb. Ib lub raj yog ntsia rau hauv lub raum thiab cov cuab yeej nruj (nephroscope, ultrasonic bougie lossis laser fiber, forceps) tau qhia los ntawm nws, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov fragments ntawm lub calculus crushed thiab evacuated los ntawm lub pyelocaliceal system ntawm lub raum. Tom qab ntawd, lub raum yog scrupulously kuaj. Tom qab xyuas kom meej tias lub pob zeb raug tshem tawm tag, lub nephrostomy ntws los yog ureteral sawv ntsug yog muab tso rau hauv txoj kab. Cov raj raug tshem tawm 3-4 hnub tom qab ua haujlwm.

Kev nyuaj siab

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy yog suav tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev kho urolithiasis. Tab sisTxij li cov txheej txheem yog invasive, yeej ib txwm muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem.

  • Ntsuag. Lub raum muaj nephrons, uas yog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. nephron yog ib pob ntawm cov ntshav capillaries. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, los ntshav tshwm sim.
  • Kev raug mob rau lub cev nyob ze. Kev ua txhaum cai tshwm sim tsawg heev, tab sis tseem muaj.
  • Ultrasonic lithotripter hlawv.
  • Rupture ntawm calyx ntawm lub raum nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm lub shock yoj ntawm electrohydraulic lithotripter.
  • Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv hollow uas nqa zis.

Ib qho teeb meem tsis tu ncua ntawm percutaneous nephrolithotripsy nrog lithoextraction yog rupture ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub plab mog thaum lub pob zeb "rub tawm" rau hauv lub raum parenchyma. Raws li qhov poob ntawm lub calculus hauv cov leeg thaum nws rho tawm.

Txhais tau

YPyelonephritis feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab phais. Qhov no yog vim muaj tus kab mob thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem los yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov rehabilitation lub sij hawm. Kev kho tsis tau kab mob thiab kab mob inflammatory ua rau muaj tus kab mob.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy yog ib txoj kev kho mob. Tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem lav tias lub raum pob zeb yuav tsis rov tshwm sim dua. Nws tuaj yeem txo lossis txawm tias tsis suav nrog qhov tshwm sim tsuas yog yog tias koj ua raws li kev noj haus, kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov urolithiasis. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias yog tias cov khoom tawg ntawm cov calculi tsis raug tshem tawm tag nrho, tom qab ntawd qhov rov tshwm sim yog lav.

Huab cua

tawm hauv tsev kho mob
tawm hauv tsev kho mob

poKev txheeb cais hauv 95% ntawm qhov kev cia siab rau kev rov zoo yog qhov zoo. Cov neeg mob tsis muaj qhov tsis xis nyob nrog rau lub raum pob zeb. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev kho yog nyob ntawm kev ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo kho mob.

Kev tshem tawm pob zeb ntawm lub raum tsis txhais hais tias tshem tawm ntawm lub cev, yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg tsis muaj cai rau kev tsis taus. Cov lus nug ntuj yog pes tsawg hnub ib tug neeg raug suav hais tias muaj peev xwm-lub cev tom qab percutaneous nephrolithotripsy thiab thaum twg koj tuaj yeem mus ua haujlwm. Nrog kev ua haujlwm tiav yam tsis muaj teeb meem, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lub neej zoo thiab ua haujlwm hauv ib lub lis piam.

Rehab

tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo
tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo

Tom qab kev ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob raug soj ntsuam hauv lub tsev kho mob ob peb hnub. Nws raug sau tseg cov tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem inflammatory, ua kom hnav khaub ncaws. Tus neeg mob muab tso zis thiab ntshav txhua hnub rau kev tshuaj xyuas txhawm rau taug qab cov txheej txheem rov qab los.

Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau: nrog percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, lawv muab sijhawm so mob ntev npaum li cas? Lub sijhawm nyob hauv tsev kho mob yog ib lub lis piam, yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Daim ntawv pov thawj kev mob nkeeg tuaj yeem muab tau rau hnub tso tawm, qhia txog cov hnub hauv tsev kho mob.

Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg mob thiab kws kho mob

Urolithiasis thiab nws txoj kev kho mob tau kawm ntev. Crushing pob zeb yog suav tias yog txoj kev kho zoo tshaj plaws. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm percutaneous nephrolithotripsy tsuas yog qhov zoo. Urologists nco ntsoov tias kev siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no nce ntxivkev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Nrog kev pab ntawm nephoscopes hloov tau yooj yim, nkag mus rau qhov chaw nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv lub raum, qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov pob zeb staghorn.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob uas raug phais hais lus zoo txog nws. Cov poj niam xav txog qhov tsis muaj qhov caws pliav thiab lub sijhawm kho kom rov zoo li qub yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb.

Pom zoo: