Obstruction yog qhov thaiv ntawm txoj hlab pa. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib qho ntawm nws thaj chaw, los ntawm pharynx mus rau bronchioles. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev ua ub no, muaj ib tug obstructive hnoos tshwm sim los ntawm no obstructive. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws yog ib tug tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob bronchitis ntawm tib lub npe (ua los ntawm kev cuam tshuam, abstraction). Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm tus mob no, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, txoj kev kuaj mob, alleviation ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob, cov lus qhia ntawm kev kho mob.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Kev hnoos hnoos nrog rau daim ntawv eponymous ntawm bronchitis. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm o ntawm bronchi, uas yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Nrog rau tus kab mob no, kuj tseem muaj o ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, deterioration ntawm cov pa ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsws. Cov mucous daim nyias nyias thiab trachea, thiab tsob ntoo bronchial raug cuam tshuam.
Obstructive bronchitis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv ob hom:
- Spicy. Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws. Tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob - mob khaub thuas, adenoviruses, parainfluenza, tus kab mob ua pa syncytial.
- Ntawm. Daim ntawv no ntawm bronchitis yograug rau cov neeg laus. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws asthma. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab kab mob.
Ua rau daim ntawv mob hnyav
Qhov ua rau hnoos obstructive yog obstructive. Qhov ntawd yog, ib qho kev cuam tshuam uas thaiv txoj hlab pa (airways). Obstructive hnoos tsis yog ib qho kab mob ywj pheej. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm bronchitis ntawm tib lub npe. Dab tsi ua rau tus kab mob no?
Feem ntau, kev txhim kho ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm tus kab mob bronchitis provokes cov hauv qab no:
- Respiratory syncytial viruses.
- kab mob khaub thuas.
- Adenoviruses.
- Parainfluenza type 3 viruses.
- Rhinoviruses.
- Viral-bacterial koom haum.
Txhua yam saum toj no ua rau muaj tus kab mob hnyav, nrog rau kev hnoos hnoos. Tsis tas li ntawm cov laj thawj tsis ncaj, qee zaum, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais tau:
- DNA cov kab mob tsis tu ncua. Nov yog kab mob herpes, mycoplasma thiab chlamydia virus.
- Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Tus mob obstructive bronchitis feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus, uas feem ntau mob.
- Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ua rau mob ntsws.
- Cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev tsis haum tshuaj.
Ua rau daim ntawv mob ntev
Kev hnoos hnoos ua rau tus neeg mob vim qhov tseeb tias nws txoj hlab pa tsis pub dawb, khaus, mob. Lub cev instinctively sim tso lawv nyob rau hauv no txoj kev. Kev tshwm sim- excruciating hnoos tawm tsam. Nws yog tshwm sim ntawm no los ntawm peb yam ib zaug:
- o ntawm cov mucous ntawm lub bronchi.
- Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov hnoos qeev tuab, uas tom qab ntawd tau ntim nrog cov kab mob sib kis - kab mob, fungi, kab mob (cov khoom pov tseg ntxiv ua rau ua pa ua pa, ua rau hnoos hnyav).
- Smooth leeg spasms.
Tab sis hnoos nrog obstructive bronchitis yog ib qho tsos mob xwb. Daim ntawv mob ntev ntawm tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Ob qho tib si nquag thiab tsis haus luam yeeb.
- Npau suav phem. Tshwj xeeb yog tias huab cua muaj sulfur dioxide.
- Cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua haujlwm nrog silicon lossis cadmium.
daim ntawv mob tshwm sim li cas
Cov tsos mob ntawm hnoos obstructive yog cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob nws nrog. Txij li thaum nws tsis yog ib qho kab mob ywj pheej, thiab nws tus kheej ua raws li kev kos npe. Hauv qhov no, obstructive bronchitis. Ntxiv nrog rau paroxysmal hnyav obsessive hnoos (ob qho tib si qhuav thiab ntub, nrog hnoos qeev) hnoos, tus neeg mob muaj cov hauv qab no:
- nce lub cev kub.
- Tsis muaj zog.
- Headache.
- Dyspeptic disorder.
- ua tsis taus pa.
hom kab mob no feem ntau kuaj tau rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua peb xyoos. Tus kab mob muaj qhov pib mob. Thaum lub sij hawm ua pa, cov nqaij ntshiv tseem yuav koom nrog (cov leeg ntawm lub caj dab, lub xub pwg nyom, lub plab). Thauminhalation, tis ntawm tus me nyuam lub qhov ntswg o dav. Yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv whistling elongated exhalations, "suab paj nruag" hawb pob. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hlab pa uas ua rau ua pa nyuaj.
Lub sijhawm muaj mob - 1-3 lub lis piam. Yog tias nws rov tshwm sim hauv ib xyoos, nws tsim nyog los tham txog kev rov qab los ntawm tus kab mob. Yog tias cov tsos mob tsim txom tus neeg mob ntau tshaj ob xyoos, tus kws kho mob hloov qhov kev kuaj mob mus ntev.
Cov tsos mob ntev
"kev hnoos obstructive" txhais li cas? Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv uas tshwm sim los ntawm obstruction ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av. Ntawd yog, qhov tsos ntawm ib qho teeb meem hauv lawv ua pa. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm bronchitis, nws yog tuab mucus, o, nqaij spasms. Ob qhov kev tshwm sim tsis kaj siab rau ib tug neeg.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm obstructive bronchitis yog hnoos thiab ua tsis taus pa. Thawj yog ib qho me me ntawm cov hnoos qeev. Thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob, nws yog purulent los yog mucopurulent. Kev hnoos ua rau tus neeg mob tsis yog thaum nruab hnub, tab sis kuj thaum hmo ntuj. Tej zaum yuav nrog hawb pob (vim tib qho kev cuam tshuam). Qee zaum, ntshav siab nce thiab hemoptysis tau pom.
Tom qab ntawd muaj qhov ua pa nyuaj - qhov no yog qhov ua tsis taus pa. Tus neeg mob yuav hnov zoo li tsis muaj oxygen thaum lub cev tawm dag zog, ua pa tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob nyob ntawm seb muaj cov kab mob sib kis, lub xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Raws li daim ntawv mob ntsws ntev zuj zus, tus neeg mob kuj yuav pib pom cov hauv qab no:
- Headache.
- Ntausqaug zog.
- ntxub tawm hws.
Qhov hnoos ntawm obstructive bronchitis yog obsessive. Cov no yog qaug dab peg uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob lub neej zoo.
Diagnostic directions
Kev kuaj mob ntawm "obstructive bronchitis" yuav tsum tsuas yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob pulmonologist. Tom qab tag nrho, hnoos thiab ua tsis taus pa luv kuj qhia tau hais tias ob yam kab mob loj - tuberculosis thiab mob ntsws cancer. Txhawm rau tshem tawm lawv, tus neeg mob tau muab tag nrho cov txheej txheem kuaj mob:
- Endoscopic.
- functional.
- X-ray.
- Lab.
- Lub cev.
ntsuas ntsuas
Raws li kev kuaj mob lub cev, tus kws kho mob sau qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg mob hnoos, ua pa, muaj xuav thiab hawb pob, suab tshee, txo qis kev txav ntawm lub ntsws. X-ray ua rau nws tuaj yeem cais lossis txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov kab mob ntsws.
tshuaj hnoos rau obstructive bronchitis tsuas yog muab thaum kuaj pom tseeb. Rau qhov no, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tau ua tiav:
- Spirometry. Nov yog lub npe ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua pa sab nraud.
- Pneumotachometry. Txoj kev kawm ntawm kev kub ceev thiab volumetric huab cua ntws thaum yuam thiab ua pa ntsiag to.
- Peakflowmetry. Qhov no yog tus neeg mob qhov siab tshaj plaws yuam kev inspiratory rate.
Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog bronchoscopy. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog kev kuaj mob xwb, tab sis kuj yog txoj kev kho mob. Cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub bronchi yog kuaj, coj mus rauKev tsom xam cov hnoos qeev, kev huv ntawm tsob ntoo bronchial yog nqa tawm nrog kev qhia txog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshem tawm cov nplaum nplaum uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob yog kev sau cov zis thiab ntshav rau kev kuaj, biochemical thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub xeev acid-base, cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav tau kawm. Kev kuaj kab mob microscopic thiab bacteriological ntawm cov hnoos qeev tau ua tiav.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj xyuas, kev kho mob raug sau tseg. Feem ntau, nws yog kev saib xyuas, kho mob.
Qhov tseem ceeb Therapies
Yuav ua li cas kho tus hnoos hnyav hauv tus menyuam? Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm pulmonologist. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - Interferon, Ribavirin. Yog tias qhov kev cuam tshuam loj heev, cov hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
- Mucolytic tshuaj. "Lazolvan", "Acetylcysteine".
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. "ACC", "Ambroxol".
- tshuaj kho mob, tshuaj tua kab mob. "No-shpa", "Papaverine".
- Broncholytics. Berodual, Salbutamol, Asthmopent.
nyiaj ntxiv
Yuav ua li cas kho tus hnoos hnyav hauv tus menyuam? Yog tias nws muaj kev cuam tshuam, ces yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem ntxiv los txhim kho cov hnoos qeev (nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam):
- Percussion hauv siab massage. Cov tawv nqaij yog rubbed, them sai sai rau cov leeg ntawm lub hauv siab, intercostal chaw. Ces mobpw ntawm nws nraub qaum thiab txo nws lub taub hau. Lub sij hawm no tus masseur yog percussion ntawm lub hauv siab twb rov qab.
- Massage ntawm tus txha caj qaum.
- Vibration hauv siab massage. Nws yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb vibration massagers. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no pab txo qhov mob.
- ua pa tawm ua pa.
Yuav tsum tau tshuaj tshwj xeeb
Yuav ua li cas kho hnoos hnoos? Yog hais tias qhov ua rau yog kab mob, kab mob, ces tus neeg mob yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob. Feem ntau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Accession of a secondary microbial infectious disease.
- Thaum thawj kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob kab mob.
- Nyob rau qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj uas twb tau siv lawm.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qab no pab kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev mob ntsws ntsws:
- YMacrolides. Azithromycin los yog erythromycin.
- Tiv thaiv penicillins. Amoxicillin thiab clavulanic acid.
Qee zaum, cov tshuaj bronchodilators kuj tau sau tseg, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej zoo ntawm cov neeg mob los ntawm normalizing ua pa. Cov tshuaj no yog:
- Xanthines. Piv txwv li, "Theophylline".
- Cholinolytics. "Atrovent".
- B2-agonists. "Berotek".
Yog tias tus neeg mob tau pom tias muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide siab hauv cov ntshav, nws kuj tau txais kev kho cov pa oxygen. Kev kho cua tso caince oxygen siab. Thiab twb yog vim li no, kev ua kom rov tsim dua tshiab, oxidative, detoxification txheej txheem tshwm sim, ob qho tib si lub plawv dhia thiab kev ua pa ntawm tus neeg mob tau zoo, thiab tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua qub.
Kev phom sij
Vim qhov hnoos nws tus kheej tsis yog kab mob, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg mob lub neej lossis kev noj qab haus huv. Hom kab mob no, zoo li obstructive bronchitis, teb zoo rau kev kho mob. Tab sis yog tias tus me nyuam muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj, tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws asthma, mob ntsws asthmatic. Qee qhov xwm txheej, daim ntawv mob nkoos ntws mus rau qhov mob ntev.
Raws li kev txheeb cais, hauv 5% ntawm cov neeg mob, bronchitis yog nrog los ntawm tus kab mob thib ob uas cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws. Mob ntsws yog kuaj tau. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob bronchitis ntev tshwm sim hauv cov tib neeg hauv qab no:
- Smokers.
- Cov kab mob plawv, raum, lub plawv.
- Cov neeg mob uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.
Raws li cov teeb meem, cov hauv qab no tau kuaj pom:
- Emphysema.
- Ua pa tsis ua haujlwm.
- Cor pulmonale.
- Ua txhaum cov protein metabolism hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev.
Risk pawg
Raws li tib cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, cov neeg hauv qab no feem ntau ua rau mob bronchitis:
- Ntau tus mob khaub thuas lossis kis kab mob.
- Kev txom nyemua xua.
- Passive lossis nquag haus luam yeeb.
- Nyob hauv ib puag ncig tsis zoo.
- Cov neeg ua haujlwm hnyav: cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb ciav hlau, cov miners, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho, metallurgy, kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm koom nrog kev luam ntawv.
Lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua lub neej noj qab haus huv, sim txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Raws li rau kev tiv thaiv theem nrab ntawm tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau sim tiv thaiv tus kab mob exacerbation. Thiab thaum muaj mob, kho raws sijhawm thiab kho tus mob bronchitis, ua raws li txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo.
Kev hnoos tsis yog kab mob, tab sis yog cov tsos mob. Raws li, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob muaj nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm qhov ua rau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm tsam obstructive chronic los yog mob bronchitis.
