Yuav tsis tshua muaj ib tus neeg uas tsis tau kuaj ntshav tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej. Txhua tus neeg mob paub txog cov txheej txheem no, tab sis tsuas yog lub voj voog nqaim ntawm tib neeg paub yuav ua li cas txhais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas kom raug. Kev txiav txim siab cov qe ntshav dawb, cov qe ntshav liab, hemoglobin thiab hematocrit yuav zoo li ib txoj haujlwm txaus ntshai, tab sis nws tsis nyuaj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kuaj ntshav yog cov leukocytes - cov proteins uas tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev. Cov qe ntshav dawb no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lawv tus lej yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev nyiam los tawm tsam qhov no lossis tus kab mob. Tias yog vim li cas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm leukocytes hauv kev kuaj ntshav yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus. Cia peb xav txog qhov ntsuas no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog leukocytes
Leukocytes (cov qe ntshav dawb, lossis cov qe ntshav dawb (WBC)) yog ib pawg ntawm cov hlwb hauv tib neeg lub cev uas tsim tawm hauv cov qog ntshav thiab cov pob txha. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab kis kab mob. Piv txwv li, nrog kev pab tshwj xeebenzymes, qee hom leukocytes tuaj yeem khi thiab sib sau cov kab mob pathogenic thiab lawv cov khoom lag luam metabolic, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas rhuav tshem cov hlwb txawv teb chaws. Feem ntau lees txais cov npe ntawm leukocytes hauv kev kuaj ntshav yog WBC.
Kev tsis sib haum los ntawm tus qauv
Tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav yog qhov qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau, hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, tus nqi ntawm WBC hauv kev kuaj ntshav, tsis hais hnub nyoog, yuav tsum nyob rau hauv 4-9x10 9..
Qhov nce ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes hu ua leukocytosis. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias muaj physiological thiab pathological leukocytosis. Thiab yog tias qhov ua rau thawj zaug tuaj yeem yog kev ntxhov siab zoo ib yam, haus luam yeeb, ua si lub cev, noj zaub mov tsis zoo, nrog rau kev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuam, ces qhov thib ob tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob sib kis (piv txwv li, sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis., pyelonephritis).
Yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm WBC, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, raug txo qis (leukopenia), qhov no qhia tias lub cev tsis zoo ntawm lub cev. Leukopenia tuaj yeem pom thaum muaj qee yam kab mob tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev (tus kab mob khaub thuas, rubella, qee hom kab mob khaub thuas), nrog rau thaum noj tshuaj (piv txwv li, mob khaub thuas, tshuaj tua kab mob).
Type of leukocytosis
Nyob ntawm seb hom leukocytosis, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm leukocytes hauv kev kuaj ntshav sib txawv. Yog tias qhov nce hauv qib ntawm leukocytes tsis nrogphysiological cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob (physiological leukocytosis), ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsom xam. Hauv qhov no, cov mis leukocyte yuav rov zoo li qub tom qab qhov tshwm sim uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv leukocytes hauv cov ntshav tsis ua haujlwm rau lub cev. Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los xij, leukocytosis yog pathological, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom meej, vim qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov cim ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai heev. Yog li, piv txwv li, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov kab mob leukocytosis ntev ntev, leukemia (tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm leukocytes) tuaj yeem tshwm sim, uas cov qe ntshav dawb tsis ua haujlwm.
Leukocyte formula. Kev txhais lus
Muaj tsib hom qe ntshav dawb. Lub npe ntawm leukocytes hauv kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv yog hu ua leukocyte formula. Raws li nws, uas yog qhov proportional ratio ntawm leukocytes, nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim qhov xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev.
Cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm leukocytes (nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb) ib chav tsev ntim feem ntau yog txiav txim los ntawm cov mis: A (%)WBC (109 / l) / 100, qhov twg A (%) txhais tau tias qhov kev faib ua feem. ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm leukocytes ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb raws li feem pua, thiab WBC (109 / l) - tag nrho cov leukocytes hauv cov ntshav.
Cov duab ntawm leukocytes. Neutrophils
Tus qauv ntawm neutrophils (rau cov neeg laus) yog 48-78%. Qhov no yog thawj thiab loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm leukocytes. Tus nqi ntawm WBCs no concentrated hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv kev kuaj ntshavyog li ntawm 50-70% ntawm tag nrho. Lawv thawj zaug poob rau hauv lub foci ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab sim ua kom puas cov kab mob phem. Tsis tas li ntawd, neutrophils yog cov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv cov co toxins thiab microbes. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus kab mob, tus naj npawb ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm leukocytes tuaj yeem nce 10 zaug. Hauv qhov no, cov mis leukocyte yuav hloov mus rau sab laug.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils yog hom thib ob ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb tsis tu ncua hauv tib neeg cov pob txha, suav txog 1 txog 5 feem pua ntawm tag nrho WBCs. Tom qab kev loj hlob tag nrho, daim ntawv no ntawm leukocytes tawm hauv cov pob txha pob txha thiab txav mus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg, feem ntau ntawm lub ntsws, plab hnyuv thiab daim tawv nqaij, qhov chaw uas lawv pib rhuav tshem cov proteins uas nyob sab nraum lub cev.
Kev nce hauv daim ntawv no ntawm WBC hauv kev kuaj ntshav (eosinophilia) tshwm sim vim lawv qhov kev tsim muaj ntau ntxiv thiab qhia tias lub cev tau pib tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tawm tsam cov protein txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Raws li txoj cai, eosinophilia tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj lossis kev noj cov helminth larvae.
Kev txo qis ntawm eosinophils hauv cov ntshav (eosinopenia) lossis lawv qhov ploj tag tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob sib kis. Cov tsos mob ntawm hom leukocytes tom qab lawv tsis nyob hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam qhia thawj cov cim ntawm kev rov zoo.
Tus qauv ntawm eosinophils (rau tus neeg laus) yog 0.5-5%.
Basophiles
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm leukocytes yog basophils. Lawv ua siLub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib qho allergen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Yog tias basophil paub txog nws, nws yuav pib rhuav tshem nws, tso cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg mus rau hauv cov ntshav uas ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim (kev tsis haum tshuaj).
Basophilia yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom cov qe ntshav dawb. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsis haum tshuaj los yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob xws li pox pox. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws lossis ovulation hauv cov poj niam.
Qhov tsis muaj basophils tsis muaj qhov ntsuas tau los ntawm kev kho mob ntawm qhov pom, thiab basopenia tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab cov lej leukocyte.
Tus qauv ntawm basophils rau tus neeg laus yog 0-1%.
Monocytes
Monocytes yog hom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tua cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob txawv teb chaws ua ke nrog neutrophils. Tab sis txij li qhov loj ntawm cov monocytes loj dua, lawv nyob thiab rhuav tshem lub cev tsis zoo ntev dua li neutrophils.
Kev txiav txim siab thiab xaiv cov leukocytes hauv kev kuaj ntshav ntawm hom no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, txij li qib siab ntawm monocytes yog qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm tus kab mob xws li kis kab mob mononucleosis, thiab lawv qhov tsis tuaj yeem yog hais txog qhov mob hnyav. inflammatory, kis kab mob hauv lub cev, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj rau pob txha pob txha.
Tus qauv ntawm monocytes (rau tus neeg laus) yog 3-11%.
Lymphocytes
Lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog lymphocytes, lwm hom dawbcov ntshav. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv tus po, pob txha pob txha, thiab tom qab ntawd xa ncaj qha mus rau cov ntshav thiab lymph, qhov chaw uas lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev paub txog cov antigen ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws uas lawv tau ntsib yav dhau los. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm lymphocytes no tsim qhov peb paub tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob yav dhau los.
Muaj peb hom lymphocytes: T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes thiab NK-lymphocytes. Cov qub yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes, tom kawg muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los yog humoral tiv thaiv kab mob. NK-lymphocytes rhuav tshem lawv cov hlwb yog tias pom cov kab mob kis tau ntawm lawv qhov chaw.
Qhov nce ntawm cov leukocytes no hu ua lymphocytosis, thiab qhov txo qis yog hu ua lymphopenia. Thaum deciphering cov leukocyte mis mis thaum tsis muaj lub cev cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lymphocytes tsis txaus ntshai. Kev tsim cov leukocytes hauv kev kuaj ntshav ntawm daim ntawv no nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm hom yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev txiav txim siab cov mis leukocyte.
Tus qauv ntawm lymphocytes (rau tus neeg laus) yog 25-40%.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov qauv rau txhua hom leukocytes tau qhia rau tus neeg laus. Rau cov menyuam yaus, nyob ntawm hnub nyoog, cov lej no muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv.
Pom tseeb, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev los txiav txim seb leukocytes tau qhia li cas hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, thiab cov lej dab tsi tawm tsam qhov ntsuas no txhais tau li cas. Tsis txhob tso tseg qhov kev paub no thiab siv nws los txhim kho koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis kuj tsis koom nrog kev kuaj mob tus kheej thiab kho tus kheej,txij li tsuas yog ib tus kws tshaj lij uas muaj kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem sau cov txheej txheem kev kho mob raws sijhawm thiab cawm tus neeg mob los ntawm cov teeb meem ntxiv.
