Niam, lossis txiav txim siab, cov ntaub so ntswg nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub embryo thiab lub tsev menyuam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm fetal qe, kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab, yug me nyuam noj qab nyob zoo.
Kev xav
Ib tug poj niam loj hlob zuj zus tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej tshiab. Lub qe, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau lab tus spermatozoa nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha fallopian, tso cai rau ib leeg nkag mus, sib koom ua ke nrog rau hauv ib qho. Thawj 24 teev, lub qe fertilized yog qhov siv tau tshaj plaws; nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Qhov no yog vim muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab.
Nyob 4-5 hnub txij lub caij fertilization, lub nucleus no, tau mus deb heev, nkag mus rau hauv lub uterine kab noj hniav. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, lub qe fertilized twb faib ntau zaus, tau txais tshiab muaj peev xwm, tsim nyog functions.
Y Lub qe zais ib qho enzyme tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem yaj lub endometrium - daim nyias nyias uas kab ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Tom qab lub qe fertilized tau xaiv ib qho chaw rau nws tus kheej, yaj ib feem ntawm lub endometrium nyob rau hauv nws, tso ib qho chaw rau nws tus kheej nyob, nws yog nkag mus rau hauv lub uterine kab noj hniav. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog 2 hnub. Qhov saum toj ntawm qhov chaw cogovergrown, tsim ib hom ru tsev rau nws lub tsev. Tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm txheej txheem fertilization xaus.
Cov mucosa tsim cov zais cia tsim nyog los txhawb nqa lub embryo - Royal jelly.
Thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb daim nyias nyias, cov kua dej amniotic, ib puag ncig, tiv thaiv thiab txhawb nqa tus menyuam hauv plab.
Shells ntawm ovum:
daim ntaub so ntswg;
fuzzy;
dej
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm decidua
Thaum lub sij hawm lub qe fetal tuaj txog, lub endometrium hloov mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias nyias uas muab cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub embryo. Kev loj hlob ntawm lub qe menyuam hauv plab thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm endometrium yuav tsum tau mus ib txhij, txwv tsis pub kev cog qoob loo yuav tsis tshwm sim, cev xeeb tub yuav raug txiav thaum ntxov.
Lub ntog tawm ntawm daim nyias nyias yog cov niam txiv ntawm cov placenta, uas piav qhia nws txoj haujlwm:
Khoom noj khoom haus, raws li nws muaj glycogen, lipids, mucopolysaccharides, ntsev, kab kawm, enzymes, immunoglobulins
Kev tiv thaiv, raws li nws siv rau txhua yam kab mob kab mob, co toxins, tshuaj phem
Kev txhim kho, vim tias tom qab siv tag nrho cov as-ham, nws pib tsim cov carbohydrates, rog, proteins, cov tshuaj hormones
Immune thiab endocrine muaj nuj nqi
Muaj peev xwm ua txhaum cai hauv lub plhaub qauv
Muaj ntau thaj chaw thiab cheeb tsam ntawm kev soj ntsuam, kho cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, poj niam hauv kev ua haujlwm, cov menyuam yug tshiab. kev xav taucov kev pab cuam yog kev kawm ntawm cov placenta, tsis hais lub hnub nyoog gestational, txoj kev uas tau ua tiav. Cov ntaub so ntswg txiav txim raug tshuaj xyuas hauv kev khawb.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kawm no yog:
Kev lees paub thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov muaj feem pheej hmoo rau kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub;
tiv thaiv kab mob yug tshiab raws sijhawm;
kev kho mob, tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ntawm cev xeeb tub, yug menyuam, lub sijhawm tom qab yug menyuam;
ntsuas qhov zoo, sijhawm sijhawm ntawm kev tso npe rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub;
txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau tus menyuam mos tuag;
qhia tawm qhov ua rau tus menyuam tuag
Tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua sai, siv cov kev kuaj mob sib txawv. Kev txhais cov ntsiab lus yog ua los ntawm leej niam thiab tus menyuam.
Cov ntaub so ntswg txiav txim siab tuaj yeem nrog cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no:
ntshav siab;
necrosis;
gap;
mob khaub thuas;
thickening
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yog nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm tus poj niam thiab tus menyuam yug tshiab, keeb kwm ntawm cev xeeb tub, yug menyuam, mob, daim npav kho mob, thiab raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub sijhawm sau npe rau tus neeg mob sab nraud.
Necrosis
Necrosis yog kev tuag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw mob thaum cov ntshav muab rau cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam thiab raug rau cov kab mob thiab lawv cov khoom metabolic. Hauv qhov no, lub cev tsis muaj zog, endocrine, secretory kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias yog cuam tshuam, cov ntaub so ntswg pib tawg.thiab tsis lees paub.
Hyalinosis
Hyalinosis yog ib hom degeneration thiab thickening ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas nws yuav zoo ib yam li pob txha mos. Yog vim li cas rau kev loj hlob ntawm hyalinosis ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg decidual tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho. Tab sis nws ua rau los ntshav hnyav, yug ntxov ntxov, tseem yug me nyuam.
mob khaub thuas
Cov ntshav tsis txaus, nce vascular permeability, edema, ntau dhau ntawm cov hlwb ntawm thaj chaw hloov pauv ua rau mob. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntshav maj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm o, ib tug txiav txim cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm nrog leukocyte infiltration, uas thaum xub thawj muaj ib tug adaptive cim. Tab sis nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov ntaub so ntswg yog saturated nrog ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm leukocytes, kua paug tshwm. Txawm tias tom qab ua tiav kev kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem purulent, adhesions yuav inevitably tsim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus. Qhov no yog ua li cas cov ntaub so ntswg decidual inflamed.
Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog: endometritis, o ntawm cov kua dej amniotic, thaum kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag. Nrog los ntawm hemorrhages, uas tuaj yeem ua rau rho menyuam mus txog li 3 lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub. Decidual endometritis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov dawb dawb nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis tom qab conception. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev nchuav menyuam qeeb, nce ntxiv, kev tshem tawm ntxov ntxov ntawm cov placenta, uterine involution tsim.
Hemorrhage
Muaj cov ntaub so ntswg txiav nrog hemorrhages. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha nrog nce permeability ntawm phab ntsa,melting nws nrog kua paug los yog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Pom nyob rau hauv kev rho menyuam tawm, tubal cev xeeb tub, chorionic carcinoma.
Gap
Qee lub sij hawm muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim thiab tsuas yog cov seem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tseem nyob. Kev tawg ntxov ntxov ntawm daim nyias nyias ua rau lub sijhawm ntev tsis muaj dej, nrog rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob, los ntshav. Txhim kho nrog kev kis kab mob, kab mob ntshav, ntshav qab zib, muaj ntau qhov kev rho menyuam thaum cev xeeb tub dhau los.
Lub plhaub tuaj yeem nce ntim hauv qhov muaj mob, degeneration, hem nchuav menyuam.
Ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv decidua
Genetic pathology ntawm fetus
Cov txheej txheem mob ntawm lub tsev menyuam
Circulatory tsis ua hauj lwm
Kev kis kab mob
YHemolytic disease
Extragenital pathology: ntshav qab zib mellitus, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, kab mob ntawm cov ntshav, thyroid caj pas, lub paj hlwb
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hem thawj ntawm kev xeeb tub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas nws xav tau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj, npaj ua ntej, ua lub neej noj qab haus huv, tsis suav nrog cawv thiab haus luam yeeb, kho txhua yam kab mob somatic thiab kis kab mob.
Ua ntej npaj cev xeeb tub, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav thiab zis (rau cov ntshav txhaws, cov tshuaj hormones), nrhiav seb leej niam hom ntshav, thiab kuaj xyuas cov kab mob zais. Ob leeg niam txiv tau txais hom ntshav, Rh yam thiab kuaj xyuas cov kab mob latent. Mus rau daim ntawv teev cov ntshav yuav tsum tau kuaj rauCov kab mob muaj xws li: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes.
Thaum cev xeeb tub, nws raug nquahu kom sau npe ntawm lub tsev kho mob antenatal kom ntxov li sai tau, mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua, ua raws li nws cov lus pom zoo, kuaj xyuas raws sijhawm.
