Cov hniav ntawm Hutchinson, Pfluger thiab Fournier yog hom hniav enamel hypoplasia. Cov kab mob no tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, vim kev raug mob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav lossis thaum muaj kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov hniav ntawm cov hniav. Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau yog qhov kev loj hlob tsis tiav thiab txawm tias tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg. Cia peb kawm seb Hutchinson cov hniav txhim kho li cas.
Ua rau hypoplasia
Ntau tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm congenital pathology, txawm tias nws tsuas yog tom qab yug me nyuam. Dab tsi ua rau Hutchinson cov hniav tsim? Cov laj thawj yog raws li nram no:
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Rh yam hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam thiab leej niam.
- Kab mob kis tau los ntawm tus poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub thawj 3 lub hlis.
- mob hnyav thiab ntev toxicosis thaum lub sij hawm thib 2 thiab 3rd peb lub hlis twg.
- Kev raug mob thaum yug menyuam.
- Yug ua ntej 40 lub lis piam (preterm).
- Rickets.
- Dystrophy ntawm tus menyuam yaus (nrog qab qab los noj mov thiab lwm yam laj thawj).
- Kab mob plab hnyuv.
- Sib pauv hloovtshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev.
- kab mob somatic.
- lub hlwb ua haujlwm tsis raug hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej.
- Kab mob kis tau los ntawm tus menyuam hauv lub tsev menyuam lossis tom qab yug mus txog 6 lub hlis.
- lub puab tsaig thiab lub ntsej muag raug mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob kev loj hlob
Cov kws kho mob faib hypoplasia ua ob hom loj. Cov laj thawj rau lawv cov tsos yog tib yam, tab sis cov tsos mob txawv. Cia wb mus saib seb cov kab mob hauv lub cev thiab hauv cheeb tsam tau mus li cas.
Systemic hypoplasia
- Txhua cov hniav raug cuam tshuam.
- Dawb lossis tan me ntsis tshwm nyob rau pem hauv ntej.
- Enamel yog nyias lossis ploj lawm.
- txheej npog lub hauv paus ntawm tus hniav yog tsis tsim tag nrho.
Hypoplasia hauv zos
- Ntau cov hniav raug cuam tshuam.
- Cov txheej txheem mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias cov txheej sib sib zog nqus puas lawm.
- Kev tsim kho tsis zoo tshwm sim ntawm cov hniav.
- Cov hniav uas raug cuam tshuam tej zaum yuav yog ib feem lossis tag nrho cov enamel.
Ntxiv rau ob hom kab mob tseem ceeb, cov kws kho mob kuj paub qhov txawv 3 hom ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Cov no suav nrog:
- Hatchinson cov hniav. Feem ntau ib txhia los yog tag nrho cov hniav hloov cov duab. Lawv coj cov duab sib npaug lossis oval, thiab lawv cov npoo txiav ua concave thiab zoo li lub hli crescent.
- Pfluger cov hniav. Daim ntawv no tawm sab nraud zoo ib yam li tus kab mob tau piav qhia los ntawm Hutchinson. Qhov txawv tsuas yog qhov tsos ntawm ntug incisal, uaszoo ib yam li tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo.
- Fournier tus hniav. Cov hniav tas mus li, uas yog "rau", muaj cov duab ntawm lub khob hliav qab. Los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav lawv yog dav thiab taper downwards. Ntawm lawv nto muaj tubercles uas yuav luag tsis sawv. Feem ntau daim ntawv no tshwm sim nrog syphilis (intrauterine).
Lub Hutchinson triad yog txhais los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Deformation ntawm ib khub lossis tag nrho cov hniav vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa taws spirochete ntawm cov rudiments.
- Parenchymal keratitis.
Feem ntau, cov neeg mob tsis hnov lus. Qhov no yog vim lub degeneration ntawm cov hlab ntsha (vestibulocochlear), uas nyob rau hauv lub petrous ib feem ntawm cov pob txha ntawm lub temporal lobe thiab hu ua syphilitic labyrinth. Lub triad feem ntau yog ib qho cim ntawm syphilis (congenital) nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev loj hlob. Cov neeg mob muaj ib lossis ob lub cim, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj tsawg heev. Hauv daim duab ntawm cov hniav koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob zoo li cas.
Degrees of disease
Muaj 3 degree kab mob. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab daim ntawv.
- Qhov pib theem ntawm hypoplasia tshwm sim raws li cov xim me me nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tag nrho cov hniav.
- Qhov nruab nrab qib ntawm hypoplasia tshwm sim thaum convex lossis concave furrows thiab pits tshwm rau saum npoo ntawm cov enamel. Feem ntau tawm tsam keeb kwm no, Hutchinson triad tsim.
- Qhov muaj zog ntawm hypoplasia tau pom thaum cov hniav deformed lossis cov enamel raug tshem tawm.
Kev kho mob yog ua txhua yamqib, tab sis kev kho mob sib txawv.
kab mob daim ntawv
Cov kws kho hniav faib cov enamel hypoplasia ua 6 daim ntawv:
- Spotted. Nrog nws, cov pob dawb tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hniav, vim qhov no, kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm sim. Qee zaum cov xim ntawm cov pob tuaj yeem yog daj lossis xim av. Central incisors stain ua ntej.
- Erosive, los yog lub tais-puab. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm puag ncig los yog oval tsis xws luag, zoo ib yam li lub tais, uas txawv los ntawm ib tug loj. Daim ntawv erosive muaj ib tug khub ua cim, feem ntau nws cuam tshuam cov hniav nyob symmetrically. Enamel yuav nyias mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub tais, thiab qee zaum yuav tsis tuaj. Qee zaum, cov stains tuaj yeem tig daj vim yog cov dentin nkag mus.
- Striated. Furrows tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hniav, lawv yog tib yam rau ib leeg thiab dhau mus rau cov hniav nyob sib ze. Daim ntawv no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov hniav. Qhov tob yog nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Lub incisors sab sauv feem ntau cuam tshuam ntau dua li lwm cov hniav.
- Kab thiab wavy duab. Visually, grooves yog pom ntawm cov hniav, uas yog teem vertically. Feem ntau lawv nyob rau sab vestibular. Qhov no ua rau cov enamel zoo li wavy.
- Aplastic. Qhov no yog hom mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm hypoplasia. Enamel ntawm cov hniav nrog nws tsis tuaj yeem kiag li, lossis tsuas yog qhov me me ntawm nws tam sim no.
- Nco. Nrog nws, ib tug neeg muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Txhua qhov cuam tshuam tsuas yog ob peb cov hniav xwb. Ntau zausua ke, cov ntaub ntawv pom thiab lub tais zoo li tshwm.
Daim duab ntawm cov hniav saum toj no qhia txog qhov ntsug uas ua rau cov enamel.
Hypoplasia ntawm mis nyuj hniav
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim hauv ntau tus menyuam yaus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv lub prenatal lub sij hawm. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum tus menyuam muaj hypoplasia, uas ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej thaum hloov tom. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua dab tsi txog nws. Tom qab tag nrho, cov hniav tsis muaj zog yuav ua rau cov kab mob caries, thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev mus tas li. Thaum lub sij hawm hypoplasia, kev tiv thaiv qis dua, yog li tus me nyuam feem ntau tuaj yeem mob.
Tus me nyuam yuav ntsib cov kab mob hauv qab no yav tom ntej:
- Nyob rau ntawm cov hniav.
- Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
- Tau tag cov hniav cuam tshuam.
- Ntawm qhov txawv txav (abnormal) tom.
Kev kuaj hniav ntawm cov hniav hypoplasia
Kev kuaj tus kab mob no yooj yim heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau theem pib, tus kab mob tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog thawj hom kab mob caries.
| Symptom | Caries | Hypoplasia |
| Spots | Ib qho chaw dawb nyob ntawm qhov chaw ze ntawm caj dab ntawm tus hniav. | Ntau qhov stains yog xim dawb lossis xim daj thiab kis mus rau tag nrho cov hniav. |
| Enamel condition | Enamel muaj qhov du thiab du. | Ntawm ntawm cov enamel yog npog nrog furrows thiab pits, nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj tej zaum nws yuav yog ib feem los yog tag nrho. |
| Shape | Zoo zoo ib yam. | Cov hniav hauv qee hom kab mob tau hloov kho, lub thoob-puab, thiab cov ntug txiav zoo li lub crescent. |
Yog tias koj pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob, nrog kws kho mob thiab nws yuav kuaj xyuas kom raug.
Kev kho mob
Yog hais tias lub hypoplasia mob me thiab muaj stains ntawm cov hniav uas tsis pom qhov muag liab qab, ces kev kho mob yuav tsis ua. Thaum cov pob khaus pom tau zoo lossis cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hniav lwj tau pib, nws yog qhov ceev mus ntsib kws kho mob uas yuav ntsuas qhov tsim nyog. Hmoov tsis zoo li nws yuav zoo li, tus kab mob tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho. Cov kws kho hniav tuaj yeem kho qhov tsis xws luag, tab sis muaj qhov ua tau tias tom qab ib ntus koj yuav tau rov qab los rau lawv.
Kev kho mob tseem ceeb yog kho hniav kom hniav zoo nkauj. Qhov no yuav pab tshem tawm stains los ntawm enamel. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tsis yog siv rau hauv cov theem hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Qee lub sij hawm cov kws kho mob ua cov hniav sib tsoo, uas pab tshem tawm pob thiab jagged txiav ntug.
Tsis tas li, cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ntawm remineralization ntawm cov hniav enamel. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nrog kev pab los ntawm kev npaj tshwj xeeb, xws li "Remodent" thiab "Calcium gluconate" hauv kev daws. Yog cov hniav puas lawmmuaj zog, ces tus kws kho hniav yuav muab rau koj rau nruab ib lub veneer, choj los yog yas. Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho tag nrho cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm uas cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm cov kab noj hniav.
Txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hypoplasia ntawm cov hniav, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tu cev thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, txhuam koj cov hniav ntau tshaj ob zaug hauv ib hnub. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem kho cov hniav lwj nrog kev kho orthodontic. Tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia: kev kho mob orthopedic yuav tsum tsis txhob ua thaum tus me nyuam lub dentoalveolar system tsis tsim. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob tshwm sim ntawm pulpitis thiab periodontitis.
tiv thaiv kab mob
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hypoplasia hauv cov neeg laus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev tiv thaiv. Lawv yuav pab tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov cai yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hypoplasia hauv txhua daim ntawv thiab qib. Nws raug pom zoo kom pib tiv thaiv ua ntej.
Khoom noj
khoom noj kom raug thiab sib npaug ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj cev xeeb tub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj haus yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv tus menyuam tom qab nws yug los. Thaum kws kho mob tso cai rau tus menyuam siv cov khoom noj tshiab, thiab tsis yog mis nyuj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, qhov tseem ceeb yog suav nrog cov hauv qab no hauv nws cov zaub mov:
- Mis, cheese, tsev cheese thiab lwm yam khoom noj uas muaj calcium thiab fluoride.
- Vitamin D. Koj tuaj yeem muab kev npaj tshwj xeeb rau koj tus menyuam thiab siv sijhawm ntau nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj.
- Cov khoom noj uas muaj vitamin C. Cov no yog broccoli, txiv kab ntxwv, tangerines, spinach.
- Cov khoom muajCov vitamins A thiab B. Cov no yog cov nqaij nruab deg, legumes, nqaij qaib thiab nceb.
Hygiene
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum qhia tus menyuam kom huv ntawm qhov ncauj txij li hnub nyoog ib xyoos. Nws raug nquahu kom txhuam koj cov hniav thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Yog tias koj tus menyuam tab tom ua yeeb yam, ces tig qhov kev ua no mus rau hauv qhov kev ua si uas tus menyuam nyiam thiab tig rau kev npau suav. Tsis tas li ntawd, yaug koj lub qhov ncauj nrog dej tom qab noj mov. Thiab tsis txhob hnov qab mus ntsib kws kho hniav ob zaug hauv ib xyoos. Qhov no yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem ua ntej lawv tshwm sim.
Qhia rau niam txiv
Ntau tus niam txiv tsis txawm xav tias kev kho hniav hypoplasia yog ib yam kab mob ntau heev ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Yuav kom txo tau tus me nyuam tus mob, koj yuav tsum ua raws li nram no:
- Txhua yam khoom qab zib thiab qab zib ntawm koj cov zaub mov.
- Siv tshuaj txhuam hniav tshwj xeeb.
- Rau cov me nyuam me, yuav silicone ntiv tes txhuam kom huv ntawm qhov ncauj.
- Tau koj cov hniav nyiaj tsis tu ncua.
- Saib xyuas lawv tus mob thiab sau lawv cov hniav kom raws sijhawm yog tias tsim nyog.
Tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia: saib koj cov menyuam thaum ua si thiab tsis txhob cia lawv khiav nrawm. Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev raug mob rau lub puab tsaig.
Enamel hypoplasia nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv yog suav hais tias yog ib tug malformation. Nws tshwm sim vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv kev txhim kho cov hniav thiab ua rau nws tus kheej ua qhov zoo thiab ntau ua txhaum ntawm cov enamel. Ntau tus kws kho hniav ntseeg tias cov kev hloov pauv no yog vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg thiab vim yogtransformation ntawm enamel cells.
