Cov tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho mob esophageal dysphagia

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Cov tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho mob esophageal dysphagia
Cov tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho mob esophageal dysphagia

Video: Cov tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho mob esophageal dysphagia

Video: Cov tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho mob esophageal dysphagia
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Qhov tshwm sim uas tus neeg muaj kev tsis xis nyob thaum nqos lossis nqos tsis tau ib yam dab tsi (khoom noj, dej, qaub ncaug) hu ua dysphagia. Ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm tus mob no tuaj yeem ceeb toom rau ib tus neeg, thiab yog tias qhov tshwm sim zoo li no tau pom dua, ces nws yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab kho dysphagia.

Tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov tseeb dysphagia nrog pseudodysphagia. Nrog rau qhov kawg, ib qho "pob" yog hnov nyob rau hauv txoj hlab pas los yog tom qab lub sternum, thiab cov txheej txheem nqos nws tus kheej tseem zoo li qub. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm dysphagia feem ntau nrog cov kev puas siab puas ntsws rov qab los, nrog rau cov kev xav hnyav (lub suab nrov, kua muag, qw), clouding ntawm tsis nco qab, convulsions, nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab lub plawv..

kev kho mob dysphagia
kev kho mob dysphagia

Symptoms of esophageal dysphagia

Kev kho mob yuav tham hauv qab no. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cia peb piav qhia cov tsos mob ntawm tus kabmob no.

Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas los yog, raws li peb tau hu uaQhov tshwm sim no, qhov tseeb dysphagia, tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov paj hlwb uas tswj cov txheej txheem nqos, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj no. Yog li ntawd, thaum koj sim nqos cov khoom noj bolus, nws cov ntsiab lus nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws (nasopharynx, larynx, trachea) thiab tsis yog txoj hlab pas. Qhov no ua rau cov hlab ntsws spasm, ntuav thiab hnoos muaj zog.

Cov kab mob hauv paj hlwb xws li hyperexcitability lossis neuroses tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm dysphagia. Nws cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsis tu ncua, cov neeg mob koom nrog kev noj cov zaub mov (piv txwv li, khoom, ntsim, kua, thiab lwm yam). Cov zaub mov tsis nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev ua pa, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm nqos yog nyuaj, thiab txav mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas yog txuam nrog kev mob thiab tsis xis nyob. Kev kho mob ntawm dysphagia yuav tsum ua tiav.

Ua rau dysphagia

Cov txheej txheem nqos tau muab faib ua 3 theem:

  • qhov ncauj (arbitrary) thaum ib tug neeg tswj lub sip ntawm lawv tus kheej;
  • pharyngeal (ceev tsis yeem), thaum tus neeg nqus sai yog tswj tsis tau;
  • esophageal (slow involuntary) nrog qeeb tsis tswj cov zaub mov los ntawm txoj hlab pas.

Thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab dysphagia, kev kho mob yog txhawm rau kho tib neeg lub siab. Kev ua ntawm nqos cov zaub mov nrog dysphagia ntawm txoj hlab pas tsis cuam tshuam, tab sis txav raws nws ua rau mob hauv plab plab, kub siab, thiab belching. Kuj tseem muaj regurgitation, qhov twg cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub plab yog pov rau ntawm lub pharynx thiab lub qhov ncauj, ua rau ib qho tsis kaj siab saj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Nce regurgitationtuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub cev tig, suav nrog thaum pw tsaug zog, yog tias noj hmo tsawg dua ob teev ua ntej hmo ntuj so.

Dysphagia tuaj yeem nrog cov tsos mob xws li hoarseness, salivation ntau dhau thiab txhaws qa. Feem ntau, esophageal dysphagia provokes khoom noj khoom haus. Cov neeg mob nco ntsoov tias thaum haus dej los yog noj cov zaub mov tsis zoo lossis ua kua, nws yooj yim dua rau nqos. Txawm hais tias muaj cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom noj ua kua ua rau dysphagia, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob tseem ceeb heev.

kab mob daim ntawv

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus txheej txheem, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no ntawm dysphagia yog qhov txawv:

  • oropharyngeal (yuav nyuaj txav cov zaub mov mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas, lub siab yeem nqos tau cuam tshuam);
  • pharyngeal-esophageal (kev nkag mus ntawm cov zaub mov tsis yooj yim rau hauv txoj hlab pas, cuam tshuam sai sai ntawm kev nqos);
  • esophageal (kev nyuaj ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm txoj hlab pas, ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm kev nqos).
Kev kho mob esophageal dysphagia
Kev kho mob esophageal dysphagia

Dysphagia kuj tseem faib ua:

  • organic (qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim yog pathology ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum);
  • functional. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm CNS tsis meej, yog tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom noj.

Kev kho mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm dysphagia yog ua los ntawm kws kho mob hlwb lossis kws kho mob neuropathologist ua ke nrog kws kho mob plab.

Ua rau tus mob pathological

Ntau zaus kev loj hlob ntawm dysphagia yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm txoj hlab pas. Ntawm lawv yog:

  • Esophagitis yog ib qho mob ntawm txoj hlab pas.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Nrog rau tus kab mob no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub plab nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas, ua rau nws cov phab ntsa.
  • Txoj kev ntawm phab ntsa ntawm txoj hlab pas (diverticula).
  • Cicatricial nqaim ntawm txoj hlab pas uas tshwm sim tom qab kho cov tshuaj kub hnyiab los ntawm kev noj cov kua qaub lossis alkali. Tom qab kis tau zoo li no, cov ntaub so ntswg elastic ntawm txoj hlab pas hloov los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis zoo ncab thiab tsis ua rau kev txav ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm txoj hlab pas.
  • Malignant qog ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab plab. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov qog loj hlob sai uas cuam tshuam cov kabmob uas nyob sib ze.
  • Achalasia ntawm cardia. Txoj kev ntawm cov zaub mov bolus los ntawm txoj hlab pas mus rau lub plab yog cuam tshuam, yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv ib tug mob neuromuscular kab mob ntawm txoj hlab pas.
tshuaj kho mob dysphagia
tshuaj kho mob dysphagia

Tsis tas li, dysphagia tuaj yeem txhim kho ntawm keeb kwm ntawm:

  • ua tsis taus pa ntawm cov ntshav venous los ntawm lub siab (portal hypertension), dilated esophageal veins thiab daim siab tsis ua haujlwm (lub siab tsis ua haujlwm vim yog cov txheej txheem mob hnyav lossis mob ntev ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws cov hlwb);
  • kev raug mob ntawm txoj hlab pas (kev puas tsuaj rau sab hauv ntawm txoj hlab pas, piv txwv li, thaum nqos cov khoom ntse, riam lossis mos txwv qhov txhab rau hauv siab, thiab lwm yam);
  • sab nraud nqaim ntawm txoj hlab pas, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm aortic aneurysm (aortic dilation), lub plawv loj, qog ntawm mediastinum - ib feem ntawm lub hauv siab, txwv rau sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm lub ntsws, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub sternum, thiab tom qab ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Nws hlaesophagus, trachea, lub plawv thiab thymus caj pas (ib lub cev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob).

Kev kho mob dysphagia tom qab mob stroke feem ntau xav tau.

Pathological lesions ntawm oropharynx tuaj yeem ua rau dysphagia:

  • tumor;
  • Quincke's edema (ib qho kev tsis haum tshuaj loj nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov edema ntawm lub larynx thiab pharynx);
  • angina (mob ntawm tonsils);
  • lub cev txawv teb chaws (pob txha, khoom noj, thiab lwm yam);
  • paralysis ntawm pharyngeal leeg. Nws tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, tom qab cerebrovascular kev huam yuaj (stroke), uas tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm atherosclerosis (clogging ntawm cerebral hlab ntsha nrog atherosclerotic plaques). Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub paj hlwb, nrog rau kev raug mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam qaum. Tag nrho cov no ua rau dysphagia ntawm txoj hlab pas. Kev kho mob thiab nws txoj kev vam meej nyob ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug.
dysphagia kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj
dysphagia kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj

Txoj kev kuaj mob

Kev kuaj tus kab mob suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

  • Sau cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab anamnesis ntawm tus kab mob nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: lub sijhawm pib ntawm cov tsos mob, txawm tias nqos tau cuam tshuam txhua lub sijhawm, txawm tias nws mob thaum nqos, seb puas muaj qhov tsis xis nyob tom qab lub sternum Thaum noj mov, tus neeg mob koom nrog lawv qhov tshwm sim, txawm tias muaj teeb meem thaum nqos cov khoom noj xwb, thiab tam sim no ua kua lossis lwm yam.
  • Kev tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm lub neej: cov kab mob dab tsi uas tus neeg mob muaj, txawm tias muaj kev ua haujlwm, kub hnyiab ntawm txoj hlab pas, mob plab (gastritis), kab mob hauv plab.
  • Kev tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau los (txawm muajCov txheeb ze ze ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, tshwj xeeb yog kab mob ntawm txoj hlab pas).
  • Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus neeg mob, kuaj xyuas qhov ncauj kom zoo, palpation (palpation) ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub caj dab kom kuaj pom dysphagia syndrome. Kev kuaj mob thiab kho tus kab mob no yuav tsum tau raws sijhawm.
  • Kev kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab biochemical - txhawm rau txiav txim siab qib ntawm hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein), erythrocytes, leukocytes (lawv nce qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory), nrog rau saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum, txiav. thiab lub siab.
  • Coprogram - tsom xam cov quav ntawm cov quav (qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia pom cov khoom noj tsis zoo, cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau, rog).
  • Laryngoscopy: Ib qho endoscope yog siv los kuaj pom qhov nraub qaum ntawm caj pas.
  • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) - kev tshuaj xyuas siv lub tshuab gastroscope ntawm duodenum, lub plab thiab txoj hlab pas, nrog rau txoj kev tshawb no nws muaj peev xwm coj ib daim mucous rau biopsy.
  • kuaj ultrasound (ultrasound). Tso cai rau koj los soj ntsuam cov kab mob hauv plab (cov hnyuv, gallbladder, ob lub raum, cov ducts, plab, pancreas) thiab nrhiav seb qhov ua rau dysphagia.
  • X-ray kuaj ntawm txoj hlab pas. Nws kuj tseem muab sijhawm rau txheeb xyuas qee yam kab mob lossis tej yam mob uas yuav ua rau nqos nyuaj.
  • Irrigoscopy yog kev kuaj x-ray ntawm txoj hlab pas nrog kev qhia txog tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv, uas tau pom meej hauv daim duab. Tso cai rau koj kom pom qhov nqaim lossis cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoomlos ntawm txoj hlab pas.
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab electroencephalography ntawm lub hlwb yog ua los xyuas cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, yog tias kev kuaj mob ntawm tus neeg mob dysphagia tsis tau nthuav tawm ib qho teeb meem uas cuam tshuam cov zaub mov bolus. txav mus los ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab oropharynx.
dysphagia lwm txoj kev kho mob
dysphagia lwm txoj kev kho mob

Tus neeg mob uas muaj teeb meem nqos tau yuav tsum tau txais kev sab laj los ntawm kws kho mob: tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist, kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho mob plab.

Tshuaj kho mob dysphagia

Drug therapy (nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj) muaj nyob rau hauv noj tshuaj. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj inhibitors raug sau tseg kom txo cov acidity ntawm lub plab yog tias qhov no yog qhov ua rau dysphagia. Koj tseem yuav xav tau tshuaj tua kab mob rau qhov mob ntawm lub pharynx thiab txoj hlab pas, uas ua rau nqos tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj kho dysphagia yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob.

kev kho mob phais

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub hnyiab ntawm txoj hlab pas uas ua rau nws nqaim, mob, qog. Tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam nrog nqos.

dysphagia cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
dysphagia cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Yog tias tus neeg mob lub sijhawm rov zoo tom qab mob stroke tsis tso cai rau kev kho mob phais kom tshem tawm qhov ua rau dysphagia (piv txwv li, nrog cov qog ntawm txoj hlab pas), ces kev ntsuas ib ntus yuav ua rau tus neeg mob hnov. zoo dua.

Puas muaj peev xwm kho cov tshuaj pej xeem rau dysphagia? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.

kev kho neeg zoo

Phytotherapy yuav pab daws cov tsos mob tsis zoo ntawm dysphagia. Ua ntej noj mov, koj yuav tsum haus ib decoction ntawm tshuaj ntsuab, uas muaj ib tug calming nyhuv:

  • Hop cones - 25g
  • Peppermint Nplooj - 25g
  • Rosemary nplooj - 20g
  • Valerian hauv paus - 30g
  • St. John's wort - 20 g.
  • Melissa nplooj - 25g

Cov khoom sau yuav tsum sib tov kom huv si, diav 1 tablespoon thiab ncuav 1 khob dej npau npau, tawm rau ob teev. Tom qab ntawd lub infusion yuav tsum tau lim. Noj peb lub hlis twg khob peb zaug ib hnub ib nrab ib teev ua ntej noj mov.

kev kho mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm dysphagia
kev kho mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm dysphagia

Belladonna tincture muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yuav tsum noj 5 tee peb zaug ib hnub twg 5 feeb ua ntej noj mov.

Muaj lwm yam tshuaj uas zoo sib xws:

  • cag thiab rhizome ntawm broad-leaved ragwort, 15 g.
  • Ephedra tshuaj ntsuab, 20g
  • Motherwort Nyom, 20 g.

Cov khoom crushed yog nchuav nrog ib liter dej txias rau plaub teev, tom qab ntawd nws yog boiled tshaj ib tug hluav taws rau ob feeb, txias, lim. Ob tablespoons ntawm qhov tshwm sim muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau noj kaum feeb ua ntej noj mov.

Nrog dysphagia, lwm txoj kev kho mob tsis yog ib txwm pab, yog li yuav tsum muaj kev sab laj tshwj xeeb.

Cov khoom noj muaj dab tsi?

Kev kho mob ntawm dysphagia yog txoj hauv kev, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txo qhov mob ntawm lub cev, qee yam kev cai noj zaub mov yuav tsum ua raws.

  • Fractional food intakehauv me me.
  • Zoo sib tsoo lossis zom zaub mov.
  • Npaj dej kom tsawg.
  • Kev tsis lees paub cov khoom noj uas ua rau mob plab hnyuv (ntsib, ntsev, ntsim, txias lossis kub), zaub mov qhuav, kas fes thiab tshuaj yej, dej qab zib thiab cawv.

Tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog los nqa tawm bougienage - ntau qhov nthuav dav ntawm lumen ntawm txoj hlab pas nrog bougie, lub dilator tshwj xeeb. Nov yog kev kho mob dysphagia.

Kev tshwm sim thiab teeb meem

  • Kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, qee zaum ua tiav, tshwm sim los ntawm cov qog ntawm txoj hlab pas, nyem lub ntsws (lub cev uas ua rau lub ntsws).
  • Kev mob plab hnyuv (esophagitis).
  • Cov qog nqaij hlav (ua nrawm nrawm thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws lub cev) ntawm txoj hlab pas lossis qhov pib ntawm plab.
  • Aspiration pneumonia, thaum, ua txhaum txoj haujlwm nqos, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub oropharynx raug pov los ntawm lub qhov ntswg mus rau hauv lub ntsws thiab lub ntsws, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog kev txhim kho mob ntsws, mob ntsws.
  • ntsws abscesses (pustules ncig los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) uas tshwm sim thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub plab tau muab pov rau hauv cov hlab ntsws thiab pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm o.
  • Pneumosclerosis, uas yog ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg vim kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub plab (nws yog acidic), uas tau txais tom qab casting vim impaired nqos.
  • Poob poob vim kev noj zaub mov tsawg.
  • Dej poob lossis lub cev qhuav dej.

Peb tau txiav txim siab muaj kab mob xws li dysphagia. Kev kuaj mob, tsos mob, kev kho mob tau piav qhia meej hauv kab lus no.

Pom zoo: