Epiglottitis yog Ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Epiglottitis yog Ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho
Epiglottitis yog Ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Video: Epiglottitis yog Ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho

Video: Epiglottitis yog Ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, kho
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Epiglottitis yog ib qho txheej txheem inflammatory hauv epiglottis thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig nws, feem ntau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub patency ntawm lub larynx. Tus kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2-4 xyoos, tab sis cov hluas thiab cov laus tuaj yeem mob.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm lub larynx. Yog li, lub larynx yog ib lub cev nqaij daim tawv-cartilaginous thav duab uas nkag mus rau hauv lub trachea thiab yog lined los ntawm sab hauv nrog ib tug mucous daim nyias nyias, thiab lub epiglottis yog ib tug mobile petal-zoo li pob txha mos uas ua raws li ib tug valve ntawm lub pharynx thiab trachea. Nws yog tus uas txwv tsis pub cov zaub mov nkag mus rau hauv lub trachea.

larynx thiab epiglottis
larynx thiab epiglottis

Thaum nqos, lub epiglottis npog lub lumen ntawm lub trachea thiab zaub mov xa mus rau txoj hlab pas. Yog li ntawd nws tsis yooj yim sua kom nqos thiab ua pa tib lub sijhawm. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis haus dej los yog noj, lub epiglottis nce me ntsis, qhib qhov qhib ntawm lub trachea. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm o ntawm epiglottis vim raug mob los yog o, lub tracheal inlet nqaim kom txog thaum nws tag nrho thaiv.

Daim ntawv mob ntawm epiglottitis yog kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2-4 xyoos, txawm li cas los xijTus kab mob kuj tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus. Vim yog kev qhia txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (1985) tawm tsam Haemophilus influenzae B-hom, tus kab mob tshwm sim tsawg dua.

Risk pawg

Cov pawg neeg hauv qab no feem ntau yuav muaj mob epiglottitis:

  • menyuam yaus nrog perinatal encephalopathy;
  • males;
  • tus neeg mob muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm Hodgkin tus kab mob;
  • cov neeg mob splenectomy;
  • neeg tawv nqaij;
  • cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog kev txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv lub cev;
  • tus neeg nyob ntev ntawm cov neeg coob coob (piv txwv li, tsev kawm ntawv, khw muag khoom, thiab lwm yam);
  • tus neeg mob uas ib tus neeg intolerance rau ib yam dab tsi.

Etiology ntawm epiglottitis

Lub ntsiab "culprit" ntawm epiglottitis yog ib yam kab mob tshwj xeeb Hemophilus Influenza, B-hom. Cov kab mob no kuj ua rau mob meningitis thiab mob ntsws. Cov kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob ua pa los ntawm cov tee hauv huab cua, los yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav hauv lub xeev tsis muaj zog, "tos" rau cov kev mob zoo rau nws qhov ua kom.

tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob epiglottitis
tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob epiglottitis

Ntxiv rau, cov kab mob tuaj yeem yog:

  • candida (pob zoo li cov kab mob uas ua rau thrush);
  • A, C thiab B- streptococci;
  • Varicella Zoster (ua rau mob khaub thuas);
  • pneumococci ("ua rau" yam ntawm tus mob meningitis);
  • kab mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob herpes.

NrogTsis muaj kab mob ua rau mob epiglottitis:

  • kev raug mob ncaj qha;
  • caj pas kub hnyiab nrog cov kua kub lossis tshuaj lom neeg (alkali/acid) tshuaj;
  • lub cev txawv teb chaws uas ua rau mob ua pa;
  • smoking;
  • Siv heroin/cocaine.

Pathogenesis

Lub hauv paus rau kev loj hlob ntawm epiglottitis yog capillary ruptures, nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab, vim li ntawd, tshwm sim ntawm ntau me me hemorrhages. Los ntawm cov cuam tshuam epithelium, cov kab mob pathogenic flora yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv submucosal txheej, ua rau mob thiab o ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus mob epiglottis o thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig nws ua rau lub ntsws ua pa (larynx), ua rau mob ua pa tsis ua pa thaum mob hnyav thiab tuag ntawm tus neeg mob.

Kev faib tawm

Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov kab mob epiglottitis, cov no yog:

  • mob (qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug);
  • mob (mob rov muaj dua).

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob feem ntau muab faib ua hom:

  • infiltrative;
  • abscessing;

daim duab kho mob

Qee zaum, epiglottitis tshwm sim tom qab kis kab mob nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ua pa sab saud.

Tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ntawm xob laim, thiab 2-5 teev tom qab qhov tshwm sim tag nrho thaiv cov kab mob ua pa vim o thiab mob hnyav ntawm epiglottis.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm epiglottitis hauv cov menyuam yaus yog:

  • hyperthermia;
  • xov xwm;
  • ua pa nrov nrov;
  • chim siab;
  • dysphagia;
  • mob caj pas.

Yuav kom txo tau lawv tus kheej mob, cov menyuam yaus coj tus cwj pwm zoo: tus menyuam zaum, ntswj nws lub caj dab rau pem hauv ntej, nws tus nplaig dai tawm thiab nws lub qhov ncauj sib cais, tus menyuam lub qhov ntswg o thaum sim ua pa hauv huab cua..

Yog tus mob epiglottitis (saib daim duab saum toj no) raug tsim los ntawm Haemophilus influenzae, ua npaws thiab mob hnyav hauv caj pas.

Lwm yam qhia txog kev mob:

  • dysphonia;
  • ua tsis taus pa;
  • drooling;
  • cyanosis (cyanosis) ntawm daim di ncauj vim tsis muaj oxygen.

Edematous form

nrog rau:

  • hyperthermia (37-39 degrees);
  • mob hnyav thaum nqos txav;
  • pronounced qaug cawv;

Palpation ntawm caj dab yog mob heev, thiab ntawm kev kuaj mob epiglottis mucosa yog xim liab. Cov ntu qis ntawm lub larynx tsis muaj kev hloov pauv pathological.

Leukocytosis feem ntau txiav txim siab hauv cov ntshav, nce ESR.

Cov ntawv nkag mus thiab abscess

Nrog rau tus neeg mob hnyav, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem loj hlob sai thiab maj mam. Qhov kub nce mus txog 39 degrees, cov neeg mob yws yws ntawm qhov mob caj pas tsis tuaj yeem thiab tsis muaj cua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov mob grimace khov rau ntawm tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag.

Tus neeg mob tus nplaig yog npog nrog cov txheej grey qias neeg, thiab epiglottis yog hyperemic thiab thickened, muaj ib tug thiaj li hu uaVitreous edema cuam tshuam rau aryepiglottic quav thiab pyriform sinuses.

Nyob rau hauv mob epiglottitis, exudative inflammatory tivthaiv yog ua ke nrog chondroperichondritis ntawm lub epiglottis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug mob abscessing daim ntawv, cov kua paug yog pom los ntawm lub edematous mucosa, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub larynx tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas. Tus neeg mob muaj mob ua pa nyuaj heev.

Epiglottitis hauv menyuam yaus

Feem ntau tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 2-5 xyoos. Qhov "causal" yam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug dog dig tonsillitis los yog SARS.

epiglottitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
epiglottitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Cov tsos mob ntawm epiglottitis hauv cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim ntawm xob laim (hauv ob peb teev). Muaj mob thiab ua tsis taus pa, chim siab, dysphagia, salivation profuse, kub taub hau thiab dysphonia. Tus me nyuam zaum ntho rau pem hauv ntej thiab qaub ncaug los ntawm nws lub qhov ncauj.

Cov txheej txheem nce nrawm heev, ob peb teev muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho ntawm txoj hlab pa. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov menyuam yaus feem ntau tuag vim tsis muaj oxygen txaus, nqus tau ntuav thiab hypoxic coma.

Epiglottitis hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov hluas

Nyob rau hauv neeg laus, tus kab mob xyaum tsis tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txiv neej muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov kab mob, vim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua neej (kev haus dej cawv, kev siv yeeb tshuaj).

epiglottitis nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus
epiglottitis nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus

Cov kab mob epiglottitis hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas yog subacute, uas yog, cov tsos mob (feem ntau mob caj pas) nce ntau hnub. Tsuas yog 25% ntawm cov neeg mob noyws ntawm ua tsis taus pa, 15% ntawm salivation thiab 10% muaj stridor.

ntsuas ntsuas

  • Kev tshuaj xyuas pom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm xav tias muaj epiglottitis nyob rau hauv tus menyuam los ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev: zaum nrog ib qho kev xav rau pem hauv ntej, lub caj dab outstretched thiab tus nplaig protruding, nrog rau kev kuaj mob caj pas..
  • kev kuaj X-ray, uas tso cai rau kuaj pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm edema thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev kwv yees sab nraud - nce hauv epiglottis.
  • YFibrolaryngoscopy. Tib txoj kev uas cov epiglottis hauv epiglottitis tuaj yeem kuaj tau. Txoj kev tshawb no yog nqa tawm tshwj xeeb hauv chav ua haujlwm, qhov twg, yog tias tsim nyog, tracheal intubation tuaj yeem ua tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub epiglottis tau nthuav dav thiab muaj lub ntsej muag liab liab.
  • kuaj ntshav. Muaj bacteremia (25%).
  • kuaj mob
    kuaj mob
  • Cov qoob loo los ntawm pharynx. Haemophilus parainfluenca, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae thiab pyogenes tau pom.

YPathology Therapy

Kev kho mob ntawm epiglottitis tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov. Txhua yam kev kho mob hauv tsev nrog kev pab ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab kev kho pej xeem tsis yog tsuas yog siv tsis tau, tab sis kuj txaus ntshai, vim nws ua rau tus neeg mob tuag. Yog li ntawd, ntawm thawj cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob no, lub tsheb thauj neeg mob hu tsis tau ncua.

Tus neeg mob raug thauj tshwj xeeb rau hauv qhov chaw zaum. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev thauj mus los, lub patency ntawm txoj hlab pa yog rov qab los, rau qhov no, lub trachea yog intubated, humidified oxygen inhalations, oxygen lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, los yog percutaneous puncture yog ua.tracheostomy.

resuscitation
resuscitation

Tom qab tuaj txog hauv tsev kho mob, txhua txoj hauv kev saum toj no tau siv dua thiab kom txog thaum txoj hlab pa rov zoo tag.

Tom qab resuscitation, ENT, ua ke nrog tus resuscitator, raug tshuaj

  • tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm pawg penicillin thiab cephalosporin: Amoxiclav, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime thiab lwm yam;
  • sedatives;
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: "Likopid", "Bronchommunal", "Polyoxidonium";
  • corticosteroid inhalation;
  • infusion ntawm saline daws: "Lactasol", "Disol" thiab lwm yam;
  • compresses siv dimexide ntawm caj dab.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug infiltrative daim ntawv ntawm pathology, notches yog ua nyob rau hauv lub epiglottis (nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm loj tshaj o). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug abscess ntawm lub epiglottis, nws yog qhib.

Parents' actions

Pom pom tus kab mob tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam, koj yuav tsum hu lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd, ua ntej nws tuaj txog, koj tsis tuaj yeem tso tus menyuam mus pw, lossis sim saib nws lub qhov ncauj thiab nias nws tus nplaig. Qhov tsuas yog qhov ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog ua kom nyob twj ywm thiab ua kom tus menyuam paub tseeb.

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Cov kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb raug txo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntxiv mus, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tau tsim rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos.

tiv thaiv epiglottitis
tiv thaiv epiglottitis

Cov neeg laus nrog txo qis heevkev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas kuj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Kev tiv thaiv tus kabmob tsis tshwj xeeb yog ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:

  • khaw;
  • tsis noj zaub mov kub kom tsis txhob hlawv;
  • nquag ntxuav tes;
  • raug, khoom noj khoom haus ntau tshaj plaws;
  • kev tiv thaiv rov qab;
  • sports;
  • tshem tawm cov cwj pwm phem (tshwj xeeb yog haus luam yeeb);
  • zam tshuaj rau tus kheej thiab nrhiav kev kho mob ntxov thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm epiglottitis tshwm sim.

Pom zoo: