Rupture of the esophagus: ua, tsos mob, kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Rupture of the esophagus: ua, tsos mob, kho
Rupture of the esophagus: ua, tsos mob, kho

Video: Rupture of the esophagus: ua, tsos mob, kho

Video: Rupture of the esophagus: ua, tsos mob, kho
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Perforation, los yog rupture ntawm txoj hlab pas, yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm txoj hlab pas uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm ib tug raug mob los yog spontaneously. Hauv lub xeev no, tsuas muaj ib qho kev pab - lub tsheb thauj neeg mob, vim qhov sib txawv ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tus neeg mob lub neej. Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog kho tau nrog kev phais xwm txheej ceev. Qhov kawg, yog tias tus neeg mob nyob hauv tsev kho mob thiab lub kua muag me me, ces kev kho kom zoo tuaj yeem ua tau.

Statistics

hom kab mob no tsawg heev, nws yog li 1% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub thoracic department. Perforation tshwm sim peb zaug ntau zaus hauv cov txiv neej cov neeg mob. Tus kab mob no muaj ntau dua rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 50 xyoo thiab laus dua. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm txoj hlab pas, lossis Boerhaave's syndrome, suav txog li 15% ntawm txhua tus neeg mob perforation.

rupture ntawm esophagus
rupture ntawm esophagus

Kev faib kab mob

Pathology feem ntau yog muab faib raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim:

  • tus kab mob nosological ywj pheej, suav nrog Boerhaave's syndrome;
  • mob tom qab lwm tus kab mob, raug mob lossis iatrogenic ua rau.

Raws li qhov chaw:

  • ua tiav rupture ntawm txoj hlab pas, uas yog, perforation yog localized thoob plaws hauv lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa;
  • tsis tiav perforation, uas yog, thaj chaw ntawm ib lossis ntau txheej ntawm cov mucosa ntawm txoj hlab pas;
  • sab hauv lossis kaw rupture, localization ntawm perforation hauv txoj hlab pas;
  • external qhib perforation nrog localization ntawm sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm txoj hlab pas.

Txawm tias ob hom kev tawg, cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog tib yam.

Mallory-Weiss syndrome, lossis tawg ntawm txoj hlab pas

Rupture of the esophagus has a similar pathology as a fissure of the gas or esophagus. Cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem ua ib leeg, thiab tuaj yeem nyob thoob plaws hauv lub mucosa ntawm txoj hlab pas. Mallory-Weiss syndrome tsis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Zoo li lub kua muag, qhov tawg yog tshwm sim rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, cov txiv neej thiab cov neeg haus cawv.

rupture ntawm esophagus
rupture ntawm esophagus

Yog vim li cas

Rupture ntawm txoj hlab pas feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm ntawm:

  • frequent endoscopy;
  • tshuaj hlawv;
  • ntseeg lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntse;
  • kev raug mob thiab qhov txhab nkag;
  • nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm ntau yam haujlwm, thiab ua rau raug mob rau ntawm txoj hlab pas.

Qee zaus, ntuav ntuav lossis hnoos hnyav thiab ntev tuaj yeem ua rau kua muag. Kev ua haujlwm dav dav, lossis kev sim ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau tus kabmob. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev mob vwm, qhov sib txawv kuj tshwm sim.

Risk group

Pab pawg no suav nrog cov neeg uas muaj kab mob hauv qab no:

  • esophagitis;
  • esophageal ulcer nrog ntuav heev.

Cov neeg uas muaj kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo. Kev tawm dag zog lub cev muaj zog lossis overstrain thaum lub sijhawm tso zis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob. Kev pheej hmoo tseem yog txiv neej ib nrab ntawm tib neeg txij li 50 xyoo.

esophageal rupture ua rau
esophageal rupture ua rau

Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob

Feem ntau, daim duab kho mob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm:

  • mob hnyav hauv thaj tsam retrosternal thiab epigastric;
  • mob plab;
  • pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij thoob plaws lub cev;
  • hnoos qhuav uas tshwm sim ntawm xiav;
  • nce salivation;
  • tachycardia, ua tsis taus pa;
  • ntuav ntshav tsis tuaj yeem, dhau sijhawm ntuav yuav zoo li kas fes;
  • ua pa nyuaj thiab hnyav;
  • tawm hws ntau;
  • xov xwm tom qab mob;
  • muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev qaug rau lub cev;
  • caj npab thiab lub ntsej muag tuaj yeem tig xiav thiab cyanosis tsim;
  • tawg hauv cheeb tsam thoracic tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm mediastinitis;
  • yog tias qhov tawg nyob ze ntawm lub plab, peritonitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim;
  • air-filled emphysema in the face, caj dab.

Cov tsos mob ntawm txoj hlab pas yuav tsum tau mus kho mob tam sim. Hmoov tsis zoo, tab sis hauv 50% ntawm cov neeg mob perforation, cov neeg mob tuag vim nrhiav kev pab tsis tu ncua.

Qhov teeb meem kuj nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov tsos mob ntawm qhov sib txawvtus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kab mob thiab yuav ua rau pleurisy los yog lub plawv nres. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob txaus, ib tug neeg tsuas yog yuav tuag.

kho esophageal rupture
kho esophageal rupture

ntsuas ntsuas

Yog xav tias muaj qhov tawg ntawm txoj hlab pas, kev kuaj mob tau ua raws li qhov xwm txheej ceev. Yuav pib nrog, kev kuaj lub cev yog ua tiav, anamnesis tau qhia meej. Tom qab ntawd cov ntshav raug coj mus rau biochemical thiab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav. X-rays thiab ultrasound yog ua. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob, kev kuaj X-ray ntawm lub hauv siab yog ua. Kev kuaj mob kuj muaj xws li mediastinoscopy thiab pharyngoscopy.

kev kuaj X-ray yog tsom rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kua thiab cov cua hauv lub pleura thiab lub plab kab noj hniav. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob, qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej-soluble yog thawj zaug nkag rau hauv txoj hlab pas, uas, txav chaw, tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau txoj hlab pas.

Kev kuaj ntshav yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub endoscope nruj kom tsis txhob ua rau cov hlab pas nrog cua.

rupture ntawm esophagus
rupture ntawm esophagus

ntsuas ntsuas

Kev kho cov kua muag hauv txoj hlab pas cuam tshuam nrog kev phais.

Tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tseem siv kev kho mob. Cov kev ntsuas no muaj peev xwm ua tau yog tias cov mucosa puas los ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 1.5 cm, qhov no tej zaum yuav puas tsuaj rau cov hlab pas nrog ib tug ntses pob txha los yog ib tug biopsy koob, lub ntsiab mob yog tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub mediastinal kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob muajconcomitant cov tsos mob, uas yog ib qho kev qhia rau kev phais. Hauv qhov no, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob nquag siv. Kev noj haus thiab haus dej thaum kho tsis cuam tshuam txog kev qhia zaub mov los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab rau tus neeg mob ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub thiab ua kom tiav lub txaj so. Yog tias tag nrho cov kev ntsuas tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua.

esophageal rupture cov tsos mob
esophageal rupture cov tsos mob

Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws muaj peev xwm "khiav" tus kab mob thiab zam kev tuag tsuas yog nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus kws phais. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsom rau:

  • kaw nrawm ntawm qhov sib txawv;
  • tso dej ntawm abscesses, yog tias muaj, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm peritonitis;
  • kev tshem tawm ib ntus ntawm txoj hlab pas los ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Tom qab ua haujlwm, tsawg kawg 2 hnub koj tsis tuaj yeem noj zaub mov hauv qhov ncauj. Kev pub mis yog ua los ntawm gastrostomy. Cov kws kho mob txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb.

Yog tias tus neeg mob tus mob tso cai, tom qab 3 hnub kev qhia zaub mov pib raws li ib txwm muaj, tab sis muab lub rooj noj mov. Cov khoom hauv qab no tso cai rau noj:

  • ci zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
  • porridge;
  • mashed soups;
  • Yjelly thiab compotes;
  • nqaij thiab ntses, tsuas yog nqaij ntshiv, ib txwm ci lossis steamed;

Koj yuav tsis noj cov hmoov nplej, nrog rau cov qhob cij. Nws yog txwv tsis pub noj cov zaub mov kib thiab rog, kev txuag, cov khoom noj acidic uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov txhab ua paug. Cov khoom uas muaj dyes.

Txhua yam khoom uas tuaj yeem noj tau tom qab kev phais yuav tsum tau ntxuav los yog grated, coj mus rau lub xeev sov ua ntej noj thiab noj hauv me me.

esophageal rupture syndrome
esophageal rupture syndrome

Muaj Teeb Meem

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj hlab pas tawg tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj. Ib hom kab mob siab heev tuaj yeem ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem purulent thiab inflammatory, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov fiber ntau. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob yog qhov lav ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab kev tuag.

Huab cua thiab tiv thaiv

Raws li nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug rupture ntawm txoj hlab pas, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, cov prognosis rau rov zoo heev nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ncua ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev kho mob thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau txoj hlab pas. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov teeb meem uas nrog rau cov kab mob, qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab cov kab mob ntev.

Kev ntsuas tiv thaiv hauv qhov no ua lub luag haujlwm thib ob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev cais tawm ntawm qee yam yuav tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Koj yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob raug mob iatrogenic, tiv thaiv koj lub cev los ntawm kev ua bulimic, thiab mus kuaj mob raws sijhawm.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li qee txoj cai kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm perforation. Qhia cov me nyuam kom noj zaub mov maj mam thiab zom kom huv si. Feem ntau perforation tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm nqos ib qho loj ntawm cov zaub mov. Tsis txhob hnov qab txoglo lus hais tias "thaum kuv noj, kuv lag ntseg thiab ruam." Kev tawm dag zog lub cev muaj zog, kev nqa hnyav yuav tsum tau tso tseg. Khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum sib npaug thiab raug, cawv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tsim txom.

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