Kev kub hnyiab yog qhov raug mob hnyav rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tob uas tshwm sim thaum raug kub thiab qis, hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob. Thaum nws tshwm sim, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob yig: nws yog qhov ceev kom muab kev pab thawj zaug rau tus neeg raug tsim txom thiab ua kom raug.
Los ntawm kab lus no koj yuav kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab, lawv cov kev faib tawm, kev pab thawj zaug rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab raug mob.
Tus qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nws qhov kev puas tsuaj thaum raug kub heev
Epidermis - txheej txheej superficial. Muab kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm ib puag ncig. Lub epidermis yog multi-layered. Txhua txheej yog txawv nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv cellular. Muaj tsib tag nrho:
- basal;
- prickly;
- grainy;
- shiny;
- ncig.
Raws li qhov hluav taws kub puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov epidermis, qhov kub ntawm qhov kub yuav txawv.
Lub dermis muajconnective ntaub so ntswg. Vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm collagen nyob rau hauv nws, nws muab cov tawv nqaij elasticity. Lub dermis muaj papillary thiab reticular txheej.
Cov txheej ntawm cov dermis yog koom nrog hauv thermoregulation. Lawv lub xeev noj qab haus huv muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov teebmeem thermal rau qee lub sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
YHypodermis yog, qhov tseeb, cov rog subcutaneous. Kev noj qab haus huv hypodermis ua qhov kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv los ntawm cov teebmeem thermal ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov kub hnyiab los ntawm qib kev raug mob
Muab lub zog ntawm cov teebmeem thermal thiab qhov tob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj, cov tshuaj paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kub hnyiab hauv qab no:
- qib thib ib thiab thib ob: qhov tawv nqaij lossis ua tiav ntawm cov epidermis (yuav luag ua tiav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yam tsis muaj qhov caws pliav thiab nti);
- thib peb degree A thiab B: sab nraud lossis ua tiav kev puas tsuaj rau lub dermis (nrog rau qhov muaj zog ntawm thermal raug nyob rau hauv 85% ntawm cov neeg mob, cov caws pliav sib sib zog nqus rau tag nrho lub neej);
- thib plaub, qib loj tshaj plaws: kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho peb txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij (ua tiav qhov tsis tuaj yeem deformation ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim, ua raws li kev ua txhaum ntawm nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb).
kub kub: kev kho thiab ua rau
hom kev puas tsuaj no xav tau kev sib cuag nrog hluav taws, dej kub lossis chav.
- Thaum raug hluav taws kub, lub ntsej muag, tes, lub cev sab sauv thiab ua pa raug cuam tshuam. First Aidtus neeg raug tsim txom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nyuaj thiab tsis meej pem hauv kev tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws hlawv. Qhov no feem ntau provokes txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.
- Ob tug me nyuam thiab cov laus feem ntau yog scalded nrog boiling dej. Feem ntau, cov tawv nqaij ntawm ob txhais ceg, ko taw, plab, thiab tes raug kev txom nyem. Thaum scalding nrog boiling dej, kev kho mob ceev yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob. Kev pab thawj zaug muaj nyob rau hauv kev sim tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom, txias rau thaj tsam cuam tshuam thiab hu rau kws kho mob sai.
- Chav dej feem ntau ua rau kub hnyiab ntawm thawj lossis thib ob ntawm qhov nyuaj. Cov niam tsev thiab menyuam yaus feem ntau cuam tshuam. Kev pab thawj zaug rau kev kub hnyiab nrog chav yog kho qhov chaw cuam tshuam nrog dej txias.
Kev ua thaum kub hnyiab nrog khoom kub
Kev raug mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm cov khoom kub yog ib qho kev raug mob hnyav heev. Nws tuaj yeem yog lub lauj kaub kib, hlau, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ncaj nraim los ntawm qhov cub. Ntawm qhov chaw raug, raws li txoj cai, muaj cov ciam teb meej ntawm cov khoom, uas tom qab ntawd nyob twj ywm rau lub neej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm caws pliav. Kev pab thawj zaug yog hu lub tsheb thauj neeg mob sai.
Tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum sim rhuav tshem cov tawv nqaij ntawm koj tus kheej, siv roj, qaub cream, tshuaj pleev thiab lwm yam. Yog tias ua tau, thaj chaw cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau tso tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab khaub ncaws ntau li ntau tau. Ces hu lub tsheb thauj neeg mob.
Tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab
Tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Tsis txhob tso cov khoom ua noj kub kom ncav cuag menyuam.
- Tsis txhob tso lub qhov cub hlau thiab hluav taws xob rau.
- Ceev faj thaum siv lub tshuab nqus dej.
- Tsis txhob ncaim mus ntev thiab cia koj cov menyuam nyob ib leeg.
- Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj hlau lossis lub hwj qhib rau ntawm cov menyuam yaus ncav cuag.
Tshuaj kub hnyiab: nuances ntawm kev kho mob thiab ua rau tshwm sim
Kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb caustic yog qhov ua rau muaj kev kub hnyiab. Kev kho thiab tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev ntsuas hnyav.
Feem ntau, kub hnyiab los ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali tshwm sim hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws thiab paub txog cov cai tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg - qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv qhov no. Tom qab tau txais tshuaj tua kab mob, yuav tsum tau kho mob hnyav thiab mus sij hawm ntev hauv tsev kho mob.
Sib cuag nrog cov epidermis ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab no ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg kub hnyiab:
- Qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua qaub feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov mob me me. Tom qab kis tau, ib qho hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tsim. Nws tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub rau hauv qhov tob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Thaum raug rau caustic alkali ntawm lub dermis, nws raug mob heev. Kev kub nyhiab tshaj plaws yog qib thib ob thiab qib thib peb.
- Ntshav ntawm qee cov hlau hnyav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov epidermis thiab dermis. Feem ntau ua rau kub hnyiabpeb degree. Xav tau kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob. Tom qab swb ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tus neeg raug tsim txom raug muab rau kev tsis taus.
hluav taws xob hlawv
hluav taws xob hlawv tshwm sim thaum tib neeg lub cev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov kev ntsuas zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv qhov kub nyhiab yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thaum siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam thiab hauv tsev.
Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav. Rau qhov tsawg dua - los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, pob txha, cov leeg nqaij. Kev phom sij rau lub neej yog qhov tam sim no uas nws lub zog siab tshaj 0.1 A.
Cov kws kho mob faib hluav taws xob kub nyhiab raws li lub zog ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau:
- low voltage;
- high voltage;
- supervoltage.
Qhov no yog hom kev kub hnyiab uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sab hauv thiab feem ntau tuag taus. Raws li txoj cai, muaj ib qho cim ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom. Qhov no yog qhov chaw nkag thiab tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawm. Nrog xws li kub hnyiab, kev pab thawj zaug yog siv tsis tau sab nraum tsev kho mob. Feem ntau, yuav tsum tau phais.
Hlawv vim raug hluav taws xob
Ib yam tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov neeg laus feem ntau cuam tshuam. Xws li kub hnyiab tau provoked los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Cov nyhuv ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Qhov kub hnyiab tsis sib sib zog nqus, tab sis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm thaj tsam loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov kws kho mob xa muslawv mus rau qib thib ib thiab thib ob.
- Ionizing hluav taws xob ua rau daim tawv nqaij tsis cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrog cev. Cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua yog qeeb zuj zus.
- hluav taws xob Infrared feem ntau ua rau lub qhov muag puas. Feem ntau, retina thiab cornea xav tau kev kho mob sai. Nyob ntawm qhov siv hluav taws xob thiab lub sijhawm ntawm qhov raug, qhov kub hnyiab tuaj yeem yog thawj lossis thib peb degree.
Tiv thaiv tshav ntuj
Qhov feem ntau ua rau sunburn yog ntau lub hnub raug thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Scandinavian thiab lub teeb European hom tawv nqaij feem ntau raug rau cov kev puas tsuaj no. Rau cov tawv nqaij zoo li no, koj yuav tsum xaiv tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv nrog kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws. Kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab yuav pab kom zam tau lawv:
- Txij thaum 10 teev sawv ntxov txog kaum rau teev tsaus ntuj yuav tsum zam lub hnub ncaj qha, vim lub sijhawm no lawv nquag nquag.
- Ua ntej yuav tawm mus rau hauv lub hnub qhib, nco ntsoov pleev xim SPF (nrog cov lim ultraviolet) rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij liab qab - nws yuav tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab.
Lub caij ntuj sov so ntawm hiav txwv, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog qhov tshwj xeeb, yog li tsis txhob saib xyuas cov cai yooj yim no.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev pab thawj zaug rau kev kub hnyiab tshwm sim los ntawm lub hnub raug yog kom tsis txhob raug rau qhov chaw txaus ntshai. Nws yog qhov ceev kom tshem tus neeg mob los ntawm lub hnub, muab nws tso rau hauv ib chav txias. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv pliaj yuav tsum tau muab txiasntub compress.
Kev tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab thiab kev raug mob yog ib txwm yooj yim ua kom tiav dua li lawv cov kev kho mob tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, nws yooj yim dua kom tsis txhob tawm hauv tshav ntuj thaum noj su - qhov no yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj kev kho mob mus sij hawm ntev.
Kev tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab hauv tsev
Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm Ministry of Emergency Situations ntawm Russia, feem ntau kub hnyiab tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hauv tsev. Alas, cov hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus feem ntau yog cov neeg raug tsim txom. Thiab qhov ua rau ntawm lawv raug mob yog tsis muaj concentration thiab irresponsibility ntawm niam txiv. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm frostbite thiab kub hnyiab tau muaj ntau yam sib xws: ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib tug attentive thiab lub luag hauj lwm tus cwj pwm rau kev txiav txim thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab paub txog cov cai ntawm kev pab thawj zaug.
Ua raws li cov cai yooj yim ntawm kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev yuav ua tiav kom zam kev kub hnyiab thiab raug mob cuam tshuam nrog lawv:
- Tsis txhob siv lossis khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev puas hauv tsev.
- Thaum tshem tawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob, tuav lub hauv paus ntsaws ncaj qha. Tsis txhob rub ntawm cov hlau, qhov no yog fraught nrog luv luv Circuit Court nyob rau hauv cov xaim thiab tom qab hluav taws.
- Tsis txhob kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab xaim hauv chav tsev koj tus kheej.
- Hauv chav dej ntub, txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Cov me nyuam yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg.
- Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj hlau lossis lub hwj qhib rau ntawm cov menyuam yaus ncav cuag.
- Cov hluav taws kub ntawm lub qhov cub hluav taws xob, cov lauj kaub thiab cov lauj kaub ntawm lub qhov cub yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm tus menyuam.
- Yuav tsum muaj nrog cov menyuam lojkev piav qhia, qhia txog kev tua hluav taws.
- Kev haus luam yeeb hauv txaj yog ib qho ua rau muaj hluav taws hauv tsev.
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau nruab thiab kho lub tswb hluav taws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj feem cuam tshuam qhov hluav taws kub siab tshaj plaws.
- Thov kom muaj lub tshuab tua hluav taws hauv tsev.
pab thawj kauj ruam yog kauj ruam
Txhua tus yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas thaum muaj kev raug mob thermal. Kev tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab thiab kev pab thawj zaug uas muaj peev xwm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Ntawm no yog cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam:
- tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob - hluav taws kub, hlau, dej npau npau, chav dej, kua qaub, hluav taws xob;
- cua txias qhov chaw nrog dej txias lossis cua;
- hu thiab tos cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb thauj neeg mob;
- daim ntawv thov kev hnav khaub ncaws aseptic - tsuas yog ua tau yog tias tus neeg muab kev pabcuam muaj peev xwm tsim nyog;
- mob nyem - thaum muaj tshuaj loog tshwj xeeb.
Kev pabcuam thawj zaug rau kev kub hnyiab
Yog tias qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev, koj tuaj yeem muab tus neeg mob nrog kev pabcuam thawj zaug ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no yog ua tau nrog kub hnyiab ntawm thawj zaug thiab, feem ntau, thib ob degrees. Kev kho mob kuj tseem siv tau rau qhov mob tob, tom qab tus neeg mob tau nyob hauv tsev kho mob thiab tom qab phais.
Kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob zoo li nram no:
- kaw txoj kev - thov hnav khaub ncaws thiab compressesnrog tshuaj loog thiab tshuaj tua kab mob;
- qhib txoj kev - siv cov kab mob lim dej, tshuaj tua kab mob UV teeb, raug rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb irradiating thiab kho.
Kev tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm tus neeg tsis muaj kev kawm kho mob. Txawm hais tias qhov kev raug mob tau txais npaum li cas, nws yuav tsum tau qhia tus neeg mob mus rau tus kws kho mob, nws yuav muab cov kev kho mob tshuaj thiab tshuaj kho lub cev.
