Kev kuaj pom tsis hnov lus sai dua, qhov muaj feem ntau dua, vim yog kev kho lossis kev phais pob ntseg, tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yuav txawj hais lus thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho thiab kawm raws li tus qauv.
Kev faib cov menyuam tsis hnov lus:
- hnov tsis hnov;
- deafness.
Tus neeg lag ntseg tsis hnov cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig thiab thaum siv cov cuab yeej mloog. Cov me nyuam lag ntseg kawm hauv cov koom haum tshwj xeeb thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv. Kev lag ntseg muaj plaub degrees nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog qhov pib ntawm lub suab ntes. Tsis hnov cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lawv hnov qhov nyuaj, xav tau kev siv cov cuab yeej mloog.
Pathogenesis
Yog tsis muaj kev zam, kev hnov mob pathologies tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- muab xeeb;
- natural;
- received.
Kev lag ntseg, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua conductive, uas yog nrog los ntawm pathologies ntawm lub suab-conducting system, thiab neurosensory, yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub suab-receiving system puas lawm.
Cov xwm txheej tsis zoo uas ua rau pom kev lag ntseg thiab hnov lus tsis zoo yog:
- hnyavniam lub cev xeeb tub nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm pathology ntawm neonatal theem;
- kis kab mob;
- kab mob;
- kab mob ENT kab mob;
- Kev siv tshuaj lom thaum cev xeeb tub, xav tau kev kuaj pom ntxov ntawm kev hnov qab hauv cov menyuam mos.
Kev hnov mob hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab tshwm sim 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab yug menyuam. Cooing hloov mus ua babbling tom qab 4-5 lub hlis. Yog hais tias leej txiv thiab leej niam muaj kev xav tias tus me nyuam tsis teb rau lub suab, lub cooing yuav ploj mus thaum lub sij hawm tsis hloov mus rau babbling, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog, cov niam txiv yuav tsum tam sim ntawd qhia rau lawv lub zos pediatrician los yog otolaryngologist.
Yog vim li cas
Cov kws tshaj lij tham txog cov laj thawj hauv qab no ntawm cov kab mob:
- Kev tsis hnov lus tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm leej txiv, niam thiab lwm tus txheeb ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, teeb meem hnov lus tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau tiam neeg los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
- Kev mob caj ces, ntau yam kev hloov pauv. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua neej tsis zoo ntawm ib tug lossis ob leeg niam txiv, ecology tsis zoo, ib puag ncig muaj kuab lom, nrog rau niam txiv kev tsim txom ntawm cawv, nicotine lossis tshuaj narcotic thiab psychotropic.
- Txoj kev ua neej tsis zoo ntawm tus niam uas muaj menyuam thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev haus luam yeeb, cawv, tshuaj, thiab qee zaum noj zaub mov tsis zoo lossis ua tsis taus paua rau pathologies.
- Cov mob raug mob thaum cev xeeb tub kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus menyuam qhov hnov lus.
- Kev raug mob thaum yug los, ua tsis raug cai caesarean tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam mos. Kab mob, kis kab mob hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam qhov hnov lus.
- Adenoids yog ib qho me me uas ua rau tus menyuam tsis xis nyob thiab muaj teeb meem ntau rau nws niam nws txiv. Yog tias kuaj pom adenoids los ntawm tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm raws sijhawm, tom qab ntawd tus menyuam yuav muaj teeb meem nrog lub cev lub cev.
Symptoms
Kev tsis hnov lus zoo sib cuam tshuam nrog kev qeeb ntawm kev txawj ntse lossis kev puas siab puas ntsws, vim hais tias, tsis hnov suab feem ntau thiab / lossis tsis tuaj yeem tsim tawm, tus menyuam tsis paub yuav ua li cas pom lub ntiaj teb txaus, teb rau Tej yam thiab yooj yim sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tsis hnov lus ntxiv thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob txawv txav, nws yuav tsum tau hu rau tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau. Yog li, cov tsos mob ntawm kev hnov lus hauv tus menyuam yaus:
- Nyob rau hauv thawj lub limtiam thiab lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab lub neej, nws nyuaj heev los kuaj xyuas txhua yam kabmob. Cov menyuam yaus loj hlob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis yog tias tus menyuam tsis tau hnov mob rau leej niam lub suab lossis flinched ntawm lub suab nrov hauv peb mus rau plaub lub lis piam, koj yuav tsum hu rau koj tus kws kho mob.
- Yog tias tus menyuam mus txog tsib lub hlis tus menyuam tsis tsim suab, ces qhov no yog cov tsos mob txaus ntshai. Tej zaum nws tsis muaj dab tsihnov.
- Nco ntsoov, yog tias mus txog rau ib xyoos tus menyuam tsis sim hais cov lus, rov tsim suab zoo ib yam li kev hais lus, qhov no yog cov tsos mob phem heev uas hais txog kev hnov lus tsis hnov lus, lag ntseg, qee zaum, adenoids thiab kev loj hlob qeeb. nrog txhua qhov no.
- Yog tus me nyuam yaus sim ua suab los ntawm kev hais lus lossis lwm yam, tab sis nws muaj kev loj hlob qeeb lossis kev tsis taus, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob (vim tias kev loj hlob qeeb tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov tsis hnov lus).
- Thov, teb tsuas yog hais lus nrov yog cov tsos mob ntawm kev hnov lus tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
tsis hnov lus
hnov tsis hnov - poob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis hnov lus, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov teeb meem hauv kev nkag siab ntawm tib neeg lub suab thiab cuam tshuam nrog txo cov lus.
- Hom kev hnov lus tsis zoo yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev nkag siab thiab kev sib kis ntawm lub suab (suab). Lub suab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig tsis yog kis los ntawm auditory kwj dej los ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg. Ib qho piv txwv: kev sib sau ntawm pob ntseg hauv pob ntseg kwj dej, deformity los yog raug mob ntawm lub pob ntseg, kev loj hlob ntawm o ntawm pob ntseg kwj dej.
- Sensorineural yam tsis hnov lus yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hnov lus, vim qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub suab paj nruag kwj dej lossis ib lub rooj sib hais hauv tib neeg lub hlwb cortex. Lub hauv paus ua rau ntau yam no yogCov teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob kis (pab pawg), kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathological ntawm cov hlab plawv, kev nyob hauv cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab thiab ntxhov siab, tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nrov nrov.
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis hnov lus thaum raug mob taub hau, tom qab siv tshuaj ntev ntev, muaj teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem mob hauv lub pob ntseg, kab mob pob ntseg. Ib hom kev hnov lus sib xyaw feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev hnov lus ntawm kev vibrations thiab nrov nrov monotonous, tom qab muaj kev kub ntxhov, atherosclerosis. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus, ib hom kev hnov lus tsis zoo yog vim txo cov ntshav mus rau lub cev tsis hnov lus.
Neeg
Kev lag ntseg yog qhov txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hnov lus, uas qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Kev lag ntseg yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo, vim nws feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov menyuam yaus thaum yug los thiab muaj ntau yam teeb meem rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lag ntseg tshwm sim los ntawm caj ces los yog cov tsos mob ntawm pathologies nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm perinatal ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob.
Pathologies of phonemic hnov lus hauv me nyuam mos
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hnov lus hauv cov menyuam yaus hu ua dyslalia. Nrog rau tus kab mob no, ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem hais lub suab kom raug, thaum lawv sib xyaw, thiab qhov no yog ib qho kev nco txog cov lus hais ntawm tus menyuam muaj peb xyoos. Tab sis cov me nyuam ntawm nomuaj hnub nyoog, xws li hais lus yog suav tias yog tus qauv. Koj tuaj yeem tham txog tus kab mob yog tias qhov kev hais lus tsis hloov tom qab muaj hnub nyoog plaub xyoos.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus yog:
- hloov suab;
- hla lub suab hauv koj cov lus lossis rov kho lawv;
- tsis muaj zog sib cais ntawm lub suab (feem ntau hloov ntawm "sh" nrog "s").
Ua rau dyslalia
Qhov laj thawj ntawm kev ua txhaum cai yog:
- immunodeficiency;
- kab mob sib kis;
- cov teeb meem thyroid;
- kev phem kev qias;
- piv txwv tsis zoo (niam txiv nrog kev hais lus tsis zoo).
Kev kuaj pom qhov tsis hnov lus hauv tus menyuam yog ua los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Kev kho mob ntawm dyslalia yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug complex yam. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kws kho mob hlwb, cov niam txiv, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws kho mob hais lus koom nrog. Ntau yam tshuaj txhawb lub hlwb thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm nco.
Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob tau sau ntawv "Pantogam" txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txhawb nqa lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Txhawm rau txo qhov nro thiab txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog, "Glycine", "Phenibut" yog tshuaj - txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev ntshai, "Cortexin" yog siv thaum muaj kev raug mob taub hau. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau kho koj cov zaub mov. Lub sijhawm no, raws li txoj hauv kev uas twb muaj lawm, kev hnov lus tau tsim kho.
Kev kho mob hnov mob hauv cov menyuam mos
Kev kho qhov tsis hnov lus hauv tus menyuam tshwm sim siv cov hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj.
- Tshaj tawm txoj hauv kev kho lub suab thiab hais lus kho tus cwj pwm.
- Kev mloog thiab kev hais lus tsis tu ncua.
- Siv cov khoom hnov lus.
- Qhia tawm los ntawm kws kho mob hlwb kom tswj tau lub paj hlwb thiab lub hlwb ntawm cov menyuam mos.
Speech therapy work
Kev hais lus rau cov menyuam tsis hnov lus hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, txij li cov menyuam yaus tsis hnov lus muaj cov kab mob hais lus cuam tshuam nrog kev hais lus. Cov kws kho mob hais lus ua kev cob qhia zoo li no txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib txuas lus thiab ua tiav cov lus zoo ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau hom kev hais lus kho cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov xwm txheej dav dav tau siv thiab xaiv tshwj xeeb, suav nrog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus menyuam.
Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem uas siv rau hauv pathologies ntawm auditory kwj dej txhawm rau txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm. Cov no suav nrog kev ua pa tshwj xeeb, nrog rau tus nplaig, puab tsaig, daim di ncauj, luag nyav thiab puffing ntawm lub puab tsaig.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Qhov feem ntau ua rau tsis hnov lus hauv cov menyuam yaus yog kev xeeb tub, ib puag ncig tsis zoo, kev ua neej nyob niam txiv tsis zoo thiab kev mob yav dhau los.
Raws li ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no, cov lus xaus tuaj yeem ua rau kev tiv thaiv tus menyuam tsis hnov lus. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm kev sib deev - koj tsuas yog tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm kev kuaj mob ntau zaus thiab kuaj xyuas raws sijhawmua txhaum cai.
Thaum npaj ib tug menyuam, tseem yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, uas yog:
- pib lub neej noj qab nyob zoo;
- Y haus cov vitamins;
- register with a family Planning center;
- tau sim.
Lwm yam ntsuas
Yuav kom tsis txhob raug mob auricle ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub pob ntseg kom zoo. Tsis txhob ntxuav koj lub pob ntseg ntau dhau - qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij, vim tias me me ntawm pob ntseg tiv thaiv pob ntseg los ntawm ib puag ncig aggressive.
Thaum tus menyuam loj hlob tuaj, yuav tsum tau qhia nws kom huv nws lub pob ntseg thiab tswj cov txheej txheem no tsawg kawg ob peb hlis.
Tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam kom tsis txhob muaj dej hauv pob ntseg thaum da dej, da dej lossis da dej hauv pas dej. Saib xyuas tus menyuam thaum ua si - tsis txhob cia nws tso cov khoom ntse me me hauv nws pob ntseg.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm yog kev tiv thaiv tsis ncaj ncees rau kev hais lus tsis hnov lus hauv tus menyuam (vim ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev txhim kho cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj teeb meem rau lub pob ntseg).
Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, raws li tau hais tseg, ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me ntsis, hu rau tus kws tshaj lij tam sim. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los kho tus kab mob thaum ntxov tshaj li nws daim ntawv siab.
