Mob qog nqaij hlav bronchi: theem, thawj cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Mob qog nqaij hlav bronchi: theem, thawj cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Mob qog nqaij hlav bronchi: theem, thawj cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Mob qog nqaij hlav bronchi: theem, thawj cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Mob qog nqaij hlav bronchi: theem, thawj cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
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Anonim

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm bronchi yog kab mob oncological uas cov qog hlwb loj hlob los ntawm cov hlwb epithelial (mucosa) ntawm bronchi. Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav uas yuav tsum tau kho sai. Yog tsis kho kom raug, tus neeg mob tuag.

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob

Raws li kev kho mob cov lus hais, mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob ntsws ntsws tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub tswv yim - bronchogenic lossis bronchopulmonary cancer. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias feem coob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntsws loj hlob los ntawm cov phab ntsa bronchial. Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua qhov ntawm lub ntsws (xws li bronchi) koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathological.

Kev nthuav dav thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no pab tsim cov txheeb cais. Nws tau ua los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau ntau xyoo lawm. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, mob qog noj ntshav bronchogenic nyob hauv ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tshwm sim.

Cov theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial
Cov theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial

thoob ntiaj teb, kwv yees li ib lab tus neeg mob ntsws tshiab tau kuaj pom txhua xyoo, ntau pua txhiab tus neeg mob tsis tiv nrog tus kab mob no. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob feem ntau yog los ntawm cov chav kawm asymptomatic thaum ntxov tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws yog lub sijhawm no cov neeg mob muaj ntau tshajmuaj feem ntau yuav rov qab los.

Feem ntau cov neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev sib deev muaj zog, hauv cov txiv neej tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom yuav luag 10 npaug ntau dua li cov poj niam. Thawj cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg mob feem ntau raug kuaj pom muaj hnub nyoog 40 txog 60.

Ua rau mob qog noj ntshav bronchogenic

Cov kws kho mob nyiam faib txhua yam ua rau cov qog loj hlob ua 2 pawg:

  • external factor;
  • kab mob ntev ntawm txoj kev ua pa.

Cov xwm txheej sab nraud suav nrog txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg ua pa. Ib tug yog haus luam yeeb.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev haus luam yeeb feem ntau ncua sij hawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, tus neeg tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb rau 30 xyoo thiab tsis yws txog nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis thaum kawg, nws tseem yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua pa. Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov kab mob oncological ntawm kev ua pa (xws li bronchi) hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob raug kuaj pom hauv cov neeg uas tsim txom luam yeeb.

Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov nqus cov pa luam yeeb muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov kua qaub, tar thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov khoom no nyob rau ntawm lub epithelium ntawm lub bronchi thiab provoke pathological hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo sab nraud yog suav tias yog kev tsim khoom txaus ntshai. Cov tib neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob oncology ntawm lub ntsws nrog kev sib cuag ntev nrog asbestos, arsenic, npib tsib xee, chromium, hlau hnyav.

Raws cov kab mob ntev, ua raubronchogenic mob cancer tuaj yeem muaj cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  • muag;
  • abscesses;
  • bronchiectasis;
  • cov kab mob kis tau yooj yim.

Cov qog nqaij hlav bronchial

Cov qog uas tshwm sim los ntawm bronchial epithelium yog qhov sib txawv, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Raws li tus yam ntxwv no, ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav tau txawv.

Bronchial cancer thawj cov tsos mob
Bronchial cancer thawj cov tsos mob
  • Squamous daim ntawv - nws yog hom kab mob oncology uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv bronchi thiab ntsws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub bronchi ntawm loj caliber.
  • Small cell form. Ib tug tshwj xeeb yam ntxwv ntawm xws li ib tug qog yog suav hais tias yog siab aggressiveness. Kev loj hlob sai thiab nquag metastasis (kis mus rau lwm lub hauv nruab nrog cev) tsis muab kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.
  • qog ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab bronchus (nrog rau segmental lossis lobar). Qee zaum, cov qog tsim ib hom pob caus uas pib loj hlob mus rau hauv lub lumen ntawm lub bronchus thiab ib nrab kaw nws. Lwm qhov kev xaiv rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob ntawm daim ntawv no yog kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog infiltratively. Hauv lwm lo lus, neoplasm braids lub bronchus los ntawm sab nraud thiab nruj nws, thaiv lub lumen.

theem ntawm bronchogenic cancer

Zoo li txhua yam mob qog noj ntshav, tus kab mob sib txawv los ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Qhov ntsuas no tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws kho mob, vim tias raws li cov ntaub ntawv no lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.

1st theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Cov yam ntxwv txawv yog qhov me meneoplasms - los ntawm 0.5 mus rau 3 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog lub sab sauv txheej ntawm lub epithelium koom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, lub qog tsis kis mus rau hauv tob.

2nd theem. Cov qog tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm 6 cm. Qee zaum cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov qog ntshav nyob ze.

theem 3. Qhov loj ntawm cov qog twb tshaj 6 cm, thaum nws loj hlob mus rau hauv lub tob txheej ntawm lub bronchus los yog kaw nws lumen. Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj nyob hauv cov qog nqaij hlav thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsws.

4th theem. Nrog rau mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau theem no, cov qog nqaij hlav malignant tsis nyob hauv ib lub ntsws (uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb), tab sis kis mus rau qhov thib ob. Cov kab mob lymphatic thiab cov kab mob nyob deb tau cuam tshuam.

hnoos yog thawj qhov kev mob

theem pib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchogenic feem ntau yog asymptomatic. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov me me ntawm cov qog thiab qhov tseeb tias nws tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze.

thawj ntawm tag nrho cov tsos mob yog hnoos. Feem ntau, nws tsis txawv ntawm qhov hnoos ntawm ib qho mob khaub thuas, thiab cov neeg mob tsis tau them nyiaj ntau rau cov tsos mob zoo li no. Tus kws kho mob uas tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kuj tseem yuav tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov tseeb 100%. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem oncological, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua cov kev sim thiab kuaj.

Bronchial cancer theem 4
Bronchial cancer theem 4

Sijhawm dhau mus, hnoos yuav tshwm sim. Lub sijhawm no, thawj cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis. Kev hnoos hauv bronchogenic muaj ntau qhov sib txawv:

  • tsis muaj lwm yam mob khaub thuas lossis mob khaub thuas;
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis pubeffect;
  • tawm tsam hnyav thaum hmo ntuj thiab sawv ntxov thiab yuav luag tsis tshwm sim thaum nruab hnub;
  • pab thaum hnoos.

mob plab

Mob rhiab tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob thiab kis ntawm cov qog. Thaum xub thawj, qhov mob tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm ib sab - nws yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsws uas lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb nyob. Maj mam, qhov mob kis mus rau tag nrho sternum.

Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial
Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial

Qee zaum, hemoptysis tshwm sim. Thaum xub thawj, tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm cov ntshav muaj nyob hauv cov hnoos qeev, tab sis nyob rau theem 3-4 nws dhau los ua ntau dua.

Ib yam tshwm sim ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer yog qhov tsis kam ntawm tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav noj thiab ua rau lub cev hnyav zuj zus.

Txoj kev xav ntawm tus neeg hloov pauv, ua rau khaus, tshee.

Cov tsos mob hauv menyuam yaus

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo tsis tshua muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Feem ntau, qhov ua rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yog ib tug congenital pathology ntawm lub pa system los yog huab cua nyob heev.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov tsos mob hauv qab no ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav bronchial tau pom hauv cov neeg mob hluas:

  • hnoos hnyav uas tawm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj dab tsi (tsis muaj lwm yam mob khaub thuas);
  • ua tsis taus pa hnyav;
  • ua tsis taus pa;
  • poob ceeb thawj;
  • hemoptysis;
  • mob taub hau;
  • kiv taub hau thiab tsis nco qab.

Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav bronchial

Txoj kev vam meej ntawm tag nrho cov phiaj xwm loj nyob ntawm seb tus kws kho mob kuaj tus neeg mob li cas. Tsuas yog nyob rauRaws li cov txheej txheem kuaj pom tseeb, koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob, uas txhais tau hais tias koj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj feem yuav rov zoo tag nrho.

1. Thawj qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob, mloog nrog lub stethoscope, tshuaj xyuas cov qog nqaij hlav rau kev sib tw thiab kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau mloog tus neeg mob cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab txiav txim siab seb qhov no puas yog kab mob ua pa tiag tiag, lossis seb cov no yog thawj cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.

2. X-ray kuaj. Rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, x-rays yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig. Yog tias pathologies raug kuaj pom thaum kuaj, tom qab ntawd ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog muab los ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm X-rays tau lees paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob: txawm tias nyob rau theem pib, cov qog tau kuaj pom hauv 75% ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav.

Cov tsos mob ntawm bronchial cancer
Cov tsos mob ntawm bronchial cancer

3. CT (computed tomography). Txoj kev tshawb fawb kho vajtse no ua rau nws ua tau kom pom tag nrho cov qauv tsim nyog. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qog, cov kws kho mob tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws qhov loj me, qhov tseeb hauv zos thiab lwm yam qauv.

4. Bronchoscopy. Lwm txoj kev kuaj mob, uas yog muab rau cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob cancer bronchial. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv, lub raj tshwj xeeb hloov tau yooj yim nrog lub koob yees duab micro-lub koob yees duab nyob rau hauv qhov kawg yog muab tso rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev ua pa. Daim duab tau xa mus rau lub khoos phis tawj saib, ua tsaug uas tus kws kho mob tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj qog, nws qhov loj me, thiab cov qauv. Tib lub sijhawm, laj kabqog cov qauv rau kev kawm ntxiv.

5. Ultrasound ntawm lub cev. Ultrasound yog siv los kawm txog cov mob ntawm lub plawv, aorta, superior vena cava, esophagus. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm metastases, foci yuav raug txheeb xyuas tam sim.

6. Biopsy transthoracic. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev siv rab koob ntev heev. Nrog nws cov kev pab, daim tawv nqaij thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg yog pierced thiaj li mus cuag cov qog thiab tshem tawm cov qauv ntawm nws cov ntaub so ntswg. Siv txoj kev no tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem coj tus qauv siv bronchoscopy.

Kev kho mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav bronchial

Txawm hais tias qhov kev phais yog suav tias yog ib qho qub, classic txoj kev tshem tawm cov qog, nws pom tau tias zoo dua li lwm txoj kev kho. Thaum txoj kev no, tus kws phais tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsws. Nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm qhov excised, hom kev ua haujlwm hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  • pulmonectomy - ua tiav tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsws cuam tshuam;
  • resection - tshem tawm ntawm thaj chaw me me ntawm lub ntsws;
  • lobectomy - tshem tawm ib nrab ntawm lub ntsws.
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav bronchial
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav bronchial

Pulmonectomy yog cov txheej txheem radical tshaj plaws, uas lub ntsws raug tshem tawm nrog cov qog ntshav, nrog rau cov fiber ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub trachea los yog cov hlab ntsha loj, nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm lub aorta, inferior vena cava thiab ib feem ntawm lub trachea. Cov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no tsis tshua muaj heev, vim tias tus neeg mob yuav tsum muaj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tus kws phais yuav tsum muaj kev cob qhia siab. Sau npeContraindications:

  • loj hlob ntawm cov qog hauv cov hlab ntsha;
  • qhov pom ntawm cov metastases nyob deb (hauv qhov no, kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsis ua haujlwm);
  • mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob - tshuaj loog dav dav yuav ua rau nws mob hnyav dua.

Thaum kuaj pom thawj cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial, qhov kev xaiv yog ua los ntawm kev txiav ib nrab. Tsis ntev los no, kev phais mob bronchoplastic tau siv ntau zaus, thaum lub sij hawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib tw los yog lub voj voos. Nyob rau lub sijhawm postoperative, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj rau qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv kev mob.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev phais feem ntau yog ua ke nrog lwm cov kev kho mob kom sib sau ua ke.

Kev kho hluav taws xob

Kev kho mob li no yog ua raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Hauv feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem no tau ua ua ntej lossis tom qab kev phais, uas txo qhov loj ntawm neoplasm. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, kev kho tshuaj khomob dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsuas yog txoj hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav bronchial. Cov xwm txheej no yog dab tsi?

  • Kev tshem tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv tsis ua haujlwm.
  • mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav.
CT rau mob qog noj ntshav bronchial
CT rau mob qog noj ntshav bronchial

Thaum muaj cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab siv hluav taws xob rau 6-7 lub lis piam. Tag nrho cov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70 Gy. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv kho mob no yog cov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav (mob, xeev siab thiab ntuav, kiv taub hau). Lwm txoj hauv kev yog cyber-riam - ib txoj kab nqaim nqaimhluav taws xob, zoo hloov tus kws phais lub scalpel.

Tshuaj khomob

Kev khomob yog hais txog kev siv tshuaj muaj zog hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj lossis ntsiav tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm tes, yog li thaiv kev loj hlob thiab kis ntawm cov qog.

Kev siv tshuaj khomob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav me me nrog kev nkag siab zoo rau kev kho tshuaj. Lawv siv txoj hauv kev no yog tias qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog cov cell me ntawm neoplasm.

Huab cua

Kev ntsuas kev kho mob ntawm cov qog bronchogenic yog qhov zoo tsuas yog nyob rau theem thawj lossis thib ob. Yog li, txoj kev kho kom raug nyob rau theem 1 muab 5-xyoo kev ciaj sia nyob hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob.

Nyob rau theem thib ob, txoj hauv kev rov qab mus txog 50%. Qhov thib peb theem, nrog zoo rhiab heev ntawm cov qog mus rau kev kho mob, ua kom nws muaj peev xwm mus cuag ib tug 20% ciaj sia taus tus nqi rau 5 xyoo. Nyob rau theem 4, noj mus rau hauv tus account metastasis, qhov yuav raug txo mus rau 8-10%.

Pom zoo: