Degrees of mental retardation: debility, imbecility, idiocy

Cov txheej txheem:

Degrees of mental retardation: debility, imbecility, idiocy
Degrees of mental retardation: debility, imbecility, idiocy

Video: Degrees of mental retardation: debility, imbecility, idiocy

Video: Degrees of mental retardation: debility, imbecility, idiocy
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Oligophrenia, idiocy, imbecility, deility - cov no yog qib ntawm kev puas hlwb. Intellectual retardation, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog hu ua dementia, yog systematized raws li qhov hnyav thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim, uas qhia nrog rau qhov teeb meem. Ib qho ntawm nws cov kev faib ua classic suav nrog cov qib tsim nyog ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws: kev nyuaj siab, kev tsis zoo, kev xav tsis zoo, ib qho (luv luv) cov lus piav qhia uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

  • Moronity yog ib qho kev sib txawv me me ntawm kev txawj ntse, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj cov tsos mob me me ntawm oligophrenia, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim kev kuaj mob.
  • Imbecility is a me ntsis kev txawj ntse rov qab.
  • Idiocy yog ib qho kev teeb tsa ntawm kev txawj ntse rov qab, sib koom ua ke hauv nws tus kheej, ntxiv rau cov tsos mob, qhov tsis muaj laj thawj, thiab lub xeev nyuaj rau kev puas siab puas ntsws.
oligophrenia idiocy imbecility debility
oligophrenia idiocy imbecility debility

Pedagogical problems

Kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho thib kaum yuav siv rau hauv kev sib cais cais ntawm kev txawj ntse retardation, raws li kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm lub siab nrog Eysenck IQ xeem (nws yog tus sau ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm kev debility, imbecility thiab idiocy, ib daim duab ntawm cov neeg uas muaj qhov teeb meem no yog txuas nrog) thiab qhov txawv, nyob ntawm qhov kev xeem tau, tsis yog ib tug hnyav, me me, languid thiab meej daim ntawv ntawm kev puas hlwb retardation.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation, kev sib koom ua ke zoo sib xws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj neeg txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm kev poob qis. Rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv languid, kev taw qhia ntawm IQ xeem tsis muaj qab hau. Txhawm rau tsim kev kuaj mob ntawm kev txawj ntse hauv peb lub tebchaws, Wexler txoj hauv kev thiab txhua yam kev hais lus thiab tsis hais lus yog siv, uas muaj qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim nyog rau qib kev txawj ntse hauv tus neeg mob.

Ib qho kev pabcuam loj rau kev qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus kev txawj ntse (oligophrenia, idiocy, imbecility, deility) belongs rau M. S. Pevzner, uas, xyoo 1979, tau txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm oligophrenia, raws li etiological. thiab pathogenetic tus kheej ntawm tus kab mob:

  • daim ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus kab mob;
  • kev txawj ntse retardation, vim kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem neurodynamic tsom rau kev zoo siab lossis qeeb;
  • kev txawj ntse retardation tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas - hnov, pom, tactile;
  • kev txawj ntse retardation, uas suav nrog cov cim psychopathic hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg mob;
  • kev txawj ntse rov qab tawm tsam qhov backdrop ntawm embodied frontal scarcity.
qib ntawm kev puas hlwb retardation debility imbecile idiocy
qib ntawm kev puas hlwb retardation debility imbecile idiocy

Kev nyuaj siab

Vim tias kev txom nyem yog ib qho mob hlwb me me, cov neeg feem coob tuaj yeem muaj kev ywj pheej, ua tiav thiab tsis xav tau. Cov neeg uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws cider deficiency tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab ua neej zoo li tib neeg, tsuas yog qee zaum lawv xav tau kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm tus neeg.

Tau kawg, kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig, feem ntau cov kab mob:

  • fermentopathy;
  • Ymicrocephaly;
  • Yendocrinopathy.

Lwm tus neeg yug los nrog tus mob debility, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias thaum cev xeeb tub tus menyuam hauv plab tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Qhov no feem ntau yog thaum leej niam ntshai lossis noj tshuaj tsis raug cai thiab cov khoom siv rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.

debility imbecile idiocy
debility imbecile idiocy

Moronity tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam thaum, thaum cev xeeb tub, leej niam tuaj yeem kis kab mob xws li:

  • syphilis;
  • rubella;
  • measles.

Los yog qhov pom ntawm Rh tsis sib haum, fetal hypoxia, fetoplanetary insufficiency.

Me me oligophrenic cider "debility" tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog thaum cev xeeb tub leej niam siv cov khoom luam yeeb, cawv, tshuaj. Los yogThaum siv tshuaj txwv tsis pub rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no uas tus menyuam yug los nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws "debility".

kev puas hlwb retardation debility imbecile idiocy
kev puas hlwb retardation debility imbecile idiocy

Cov tsos mob tsis zoo

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws me me tsis muaj peev xwm muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • kev xav me ntsis;
  • kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb tsis zoo;
  • virtually yeej tsis muaj txoj hauv kev ntxias tus neeg mob mus ntev.

Lawv yog tus thawj coj los ntawm kev ua vaj tse, piav qhia kev xav, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem paub daws teeb meem. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob no nyuaj heev rau kev kawm, lawv tsis muaj kev xav thiab, raws li, tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom. Cov me nyuam zoo li no tham tsis tau qhov lawv tau hnov los yog nyeem.

Cov neeg txom nyem tsis tuaj yeem hais lus thiab sau tau raug, feem ntau hnov dab ntxwg nyoog thiab yuam kev hauv lawv cov lus. Txij li thaum lawv nyuaj rau kev cob qhia, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lawv nco txog ib yam dab tsi ntev; lawv yuav tsum tau nkag siab zoo thiab xav txog qhov no lossis cov ntaub ntawv ntawd yog qhov tseeb. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev nyuaj siab tsis muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm txawv txav, uas tsis zoo rau tib neeg. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua giftedness, lawv raug rau qhov pom kev zoo heev thiab kev nco zoo, cov lej lej loj muaj rau lawv hauv lub siab, uas yog, lawv tuaj yeem rho tawm, ntxiv, sib npaug, faib cov lej loj nrog nrawm nrawm.

debility imbecile idiocy yog qhov degree
debility imbecile idiocy yog qhov degree

Kev cob qhia

Cov me nyuam zoo li no txawj kos duab, sau paj huam thiab sau paj huam tag nrho. Feem ntau, cov neeg zoo li no tuaj yeem tsim kho tau zoo hauv kev coj noj coj ua. Lawv yuav luag ib txwm muaj kev hnov lus zoo thiab rhiab heev. Tsis muaj coob tus neeg paub tias cov neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev poob siab thiab kev zoo siab, kev poob thiab yeej, kev xyiv fab thiab kev tu siab. Lawv, zoo li txhua tus neeg, muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv thiab hnov qhov kev xav. Lawv muaj lub tswv yim meej thiab txawv heev los ntawm lwm tus neeg, tsuas yog nws tsis tsom mus thiab feem ntau impulsive.

Kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus

Cov neeg uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws "debility" tsis tuaj yeem kawm hauv tsev kawm theem nrab. Txij li thaum lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab paub txog cov ntaub ntawv kawm dav dav. Lawv yuav tsum tau kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev tsis taus lossis rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev puas hlwb. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no, cov kws kho mob hlwb thiab cov kws kho mob hlwb pab cov niam txiv qhia thiab npaj cov menyuam yaus rau cov neeg laus thiab lub neej ywj pheej.

debility imbecile idiocy cais tus sau
debility imbecile idiocy cais tus sau

Ibecile

Imbecility (txhais los ntawm Latin - tsis muaj zog) - theem nrab ntawm oligophrenia, npau taws, kev txawj ntse underdevelopment, characterized los ntawm ib tug lag nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab los yog ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm nws lub neej. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm "imbecility", "imbecile" yog archaic thiab tsis pom zoo siv, piv txwv li, lawv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm lwm tus. Hloov chaw, hauv qee lub voj voog ntawm tib neeg nws raug pom zoo kom siv nruab nrabCov lus txhais raws li qhov "kev tsis txaus ntseeg", nyob ntawm seb nws nyob rau theem twg, feem ntau hu ua raws li kev kuaj mob ntawm "kev puas siab puas ntsws" ("moderate intellectual mental retardation") thiab "severe intellectual deviations" ("severe intellectual retardation").).

Imbecile tsos mob

Ntau zaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob hlwb thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm oligophrenopedagogy thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm, cov lus txhais ntawm "debility", "imbecility" thiab "idiocy" tsis tso tseg. Nrog rau cov kab mob zoo li no, cov me nyuam yaus poob qab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev, qhov sib txawv yog pom pom sab nraud. Feem ntau qhov no yog nrog los ntawm qhov muaj cov tsos mob ntawm carnal malformations:

  • skull deformity;
  • ntxhais tsis zoo;
  • ntiv tes;
  • ntsej muag flaws;
  • pob ntseg;
  • eye;
  • hypogenitalism thiab lwm tus

Muaj txhua lub caij nyoog los kuaj pom cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb xws li tuag tes tuag taw, paresis.

debility imbecility idiocy luv piav qhia
debility imbecility idiocy luv piav qhia

kho mob daim duab ntawm imbecility

Imbeciles tau paub zoo nyob rau hauv lawv ib puag ncig, lawv tus kheej muaj txhua txoj hauv kev los hais tus kheej cov ntawv, thiab qee zaum cov dab neeg nyuaj heev. Kev hais lus feem ntau tsuas yog cov lus qhia thiab cov npe xwb, qhov tsis paub lus muaj zog heev tuaj yeem taug qab.

Raws li txoj cai, kev hais lus muaj cov kab lus luv luv, thiab cov lexicographic Tshuag tau txwv rau cov lus me me, qee zaum lawv cov lej tuaj yeem ncav cuag.peb puas. Kev xav yog ncaj qha thiab qub, tab sis hloov pauv, kev cuam tshuam tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus tau, cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj kev txwv, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev txaus siab, nco, yuav.

Imbeciles tuaj yeem sawv cev txhua yam, tab sis tsim thiab saib xyuas lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim hauv lawv yog txheej txheem ntev thiab yuav luag tsis yooj yim, vim nws nyuaj rau lawv. Lawv yuav luag tsis muaj kev xav.

kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees

Cov neeg muaj tus kab mob no tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv tus kheej lub peev xwm ntawm kev saib xyuas tus kheej (tuaj yeem hnav lawv tus kheej, saib xyuas lawv tus kheej, noj) thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb, txhua yam no ua tau los ntawm kev cob qhia nyuaj. Nrog rau qhov sib txawv me me thiab nruab nrab, cov neeg mob muaj txhua txoj hauv kev los kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv pab, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem kawm tau me me: suav yooj yim hauv ob peb chav, sau cov ntawv luv luv, nyeem cov kab lus yooj yim.

Cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg mob sib txawv ntau dua li cov neeg tsis paub qab hau, lawv tau siv rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lawv, teb kom raug rau kev qhuas lossis kev rau txim. Imbeciles tsis tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm, tsis muaj zog, tsis pom zoo, lawv tsuas yog poob thaum ib puag ncig hloov pauv, lawv xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas tas li, thiab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tsis zoo, tus cwj pwm tuaj yeem ua phem heev. Cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg mob yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab txwv rau kev txaus siab rau lub cev xav tau.

Kev ntshaw kev sib deev hauv cov neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua tsis taus pa, raws li txoj cai, txo qis. Tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm ob pawg neeg mob:

  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
  • ua siab rau txhua yam;
  • tsis suav qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog (ntsoog) thiab ua neej nyob;
  • mobile;
  • squishy.

Raws li lawv nyiam, lawv kuj muab faib ua ob pawg:

  • vim aggressive;
  • khov kho thiab tawm mus;
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
  • phooj ywg;
  • ua raws.

Idiot

Idiocy yog suav tias yog daim ntawv nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm oligophrenia thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev paub txog qhov tshwm sim thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub neej nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab pom meej meej ntawm qhov kev xav zoo.

Idiocy, yuav luag txhua kis, cuam tshuam nrog lub cev muaj zog, lub cev thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Signs of idiocy

Mob, feem ntau, nws nyuaj heev rau kev taug kev, lawv muaj teeb meem anatomical ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv. Kev nco qab ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lawv. Cov lus qhia tsis sib xws, tsis muaj cov ntawv nyeem - lawv raug hloov los ntawm ntau yam, siab, hu nkauj sau, hais lus ntawm tus neeg lub suab lossis lub suab.

Nws tsis yog ib txwm rau cov neeg mob kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lawv, lawv tsis teb thaum lwm tus neeg hu lawv, lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas txwv rau theem ntawm kev hais suab lossis cov lus teb me ntsis.

Kev xav txaus siab tsuas yog txwv los ntawm kev tau txais kev lom zem yooj yim los ntawm kev noj mov, ua rau lub plab zom mov, thiab tseem nqus cov ntiv tes, lossis los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus neeg siv ntau yam khoom noj tsis zoo rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj.

neeg mob yuav tsummuaj cov neeg saib xyuas lawv, vim lawv ib txwm hloov mus rau kev saib xyuas hauv xeev hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv lawv lub neej.

Pom zoo: