hnoos yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob ntawm lub ntsws. Qhov no yog lub ntuj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev. Kev hnoos me me ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub yog qhov qub. Tab sis qee zaum tib neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm plua plav bronchitis. Nws cov laj thawj thiab kev kho mob tau piav qhia hauv kab lus.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Plua plav bronchitis yog ib hom kab mob ntawm tsob ntoo bronchial, uas qhov mob tsis tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob, tab sis los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov khoom siv ntawm cov plua plav microparticles. Feem ntau cov kab mob no tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov plua plav thiab cov pa phem. Yog li ntawd, plua plav bronchitis hu ua kab mob ua haujlwm.
Yog vim li cas
Muaj ntau qhov kev lag luam uas muaj cov xwm txheej rau tus kab mob ntawm plua plav bronchitis. Feem ntau qhov teeb meem tshwm sim nrog:
- miners;
- metallurgists;
- builders;
- miners;
- cov neeg ua haujlwm textile;
- paj rwb thiab linen processors;
Nws hloov tawm tias lub ntsiab ua rau hmoov avbronchitis yog plua plav. Yog tias koj txheeb xyuas tus kab mob raws sijhawm, nrog rau kev hloov pauv txoj haujlwm, koj yuav zam tau qhov teeb meem.
Kev txhim kho tus kab mob
Tom qab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, nws raug tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub bronchi. Nyob rau hauv lub tubular phab ntsa ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug mucous daim nyias nyias nrog cilia thiab villi. Thaum ib tug neeg nqus tau cov pa plua plav, cov plua plav nyob rau ntawm cilia, tau ntim rau hauv cov khoom mucous thiab hnoos tawm.
Yog tias muaj hmoov av ntau, nws tsis raug tshem tawm raws sijhawm thiab thiaj li khaws cia. Kev hnoos yuav tsum ua kom cov leeg nqaij du. Tab sis thaum cov plua plav cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj qhov kev cai, nws nyob nruj heev uas ciliary epithelium raug thaiv thiab tsis tuaj yeem cog lus.
Vim li ntawd, cov hnoos qeev tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau ib txwm. Cov ntsiab lus yuav tuab, khaus tshwm, thiab hnoos pib. Nrog rau kev swb ntawm ntau cov ntaub so ntswg, cov kab mob bronchial tuaj yeem sib tshooj. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog bronchial obstruction.
Views
Kev tshaj lij plua plav bronchitis tau muab faib ua:
- plua plav;
- hmoov av lom.
Ob leeg mob muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv. Cov no yog cov plua plav bronchitis ntev. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv hmoov av, pathology pib vim muaj hmoov av ntau. Nrog rau daim ntawv toxic-plua plav, muaj cov tshuaj lom hauv cov huab cua uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ceev faj:
- hlau oxides;
- Yethylene glycol;
- nitrites;
- formaldehyde;
- sulfur compounds.
Symptomsplua plav bronchitis tshwm sai dua yog tias ib tug neeg nyob hauv plua plav plua plav nyob rau hnub kub thiab ntub dej. Lawv kuj tshwm sim thaum haus luam yeeb, ua hauj lwm ntau dhau los yog congenital anomalies ntawm lub pa system. Plua plav thiab toxic-dust bronchitis nyuaj.
Signs
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov plua plav bronchitis yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob kis mus li cas. Muaj 3 theem ntawm cov kab mob. Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm bronchitis ntev tshwm sim ob peb xyoos tom qab pib ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Tab sis tus kab mob tshwm sim nws tus kheej muaj zog hauv qee qhov tsuas yog tom qab 10-15 xyoo ntawm kev kis kab mob.
Cov plua plav bronchitis nyob rau theem 1 qhia nws tus kheej li:
- mob hnoos qhuav;
- muaj los yog tsis muaj hnoos qeev;
- exacerbations 1-2 zaug ib xyoos;
- ua tsis taus pa thaum ua haujlwm lub cev;
- ua pa hnyav thaum mloog lub cuab yeej, thiab qee zaum hawb pob tshwm tuaj.
Yog tias, raws li cov cim qhia no, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tus kab mob nyob rau theem pib, nws yuav muaj peev xwm kho tau tus kab mob zoo. Thaum cov plua plav bronchitis mus rau theem 2, cov tsos mob zoo li:
- hnoos hnoos ntev ntev;
- me me cov hnoos qeev;
- nquag qaug dab peg;
- suav;
- ua tsis taus pa;
- nrawm exacerbations;
- pus;
- kev tsis xis nyob.
Koj tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov kab mob bronchitis ntawm qhov nruab nrab sivkawm x-ray. Daim duab yuav qhia txog qhov nce hauv cov qauv ntawm qhov qis ntawm lub ntsws, thickening ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub bronchi, o ntawm cov mucous membrane, cov tsos mob ntawm emphysema. Thaum lub xeev ntawm kev ua pa hloov pauv, cov txheej txheem tseem yuav pib hauv plawv. Tej zaum qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm lub cev thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm lwm cov cim qhia ntawm cor pulmonale.
Kev tshaj lij plua plav bronchitis tuaj yeem nyob rau theem 3. Cov theem no tshwm sim thaum pathology tsis tau txheeb xyuas yav dhau los thiab kho. Nyob rau theem hnyav, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tau pom:
y
Cov tsos mob dav dav pom pom nyob rau theem kawg. Muaj kev qaug zog, tsaug zog, tawm hws siab. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis xis nyob hauv siab, nro hauv caj dab cov leeg.
Symptoms of toxic-dust form
Qhov no yog ib hom kev ua haujlwm plua plav bronchitis uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov plua plav sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv:
- nce lub cev kub;
- tawm paug tawm;
- muaj tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov hnoos qeev;
- hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj biochemical ntawm cov ntshav.
Cov tsos mob uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm X-ray tsuas yog tsis txawv ntawm cov cim qhiaCov plua plav bronchitis zoo tib yam.
Diagnosis
Kev ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog, vim nws muaj peev xwm sib txawv plua plav bronchitis los ntawm mob hawb pob thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm lub ntsws. Qhov no feem ntau yuav tsum ua:
- kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab biochemical;
- urinalysis;
- biochemical thiab bacteriological kuaj ntawm bronchial mucus;
- X-ray.
Nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim, kev teem sijhawm raug tso cai los qhia meej cov kab mob:
- spirography, uas txiav txim siab huab cua muaj peev xwm ntawm lub ntsws;
- spirometry - qhia yuam kev ntim ntim;
- capnography, uas ntsuas cov ntsiab lus thiab siab ntawm carbon dioxide;
- electromyography - qhia lub peev xwm ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm bronchi cog lus;
- bronchography;
- MRI ntawm bronchi.
Cov kev tswj hwm no yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov kab mob xws li tuberculosis, oncology, mob ntsws ntev. Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab yam mob.
Kuv yuav hu rau leej twg?
Tus kws kho mob pulmonologist cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob bronchopulmonary. Tsis yog txhua lub tsev kho mob muaj tus kws kho mob no. Thaum thawj cov tsos mob, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob thiab mus kuaj mob.
Qhov mob sai dua thiab kho tau sai, qhov yuav tshem tawm qhov mob ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua.
Danger of disease
Cov plua plav bronchitis yog qhov mob hnyavpathology uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem irreversible nyob rau hauv lub ntsws. Raws li tus kab mob tshwm sim, nws ua rau lub xeev ntawm cor pulmonale, thaum txoj cai seem ntawm lub cev nce. Tus mob no ua rau qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev kho pessimistic.
Cor pulmonale nrog kev loj hlob dhau los ua qhov ua rau tsis tuaj yeem degenerative puas tsuaj ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub plawv. Hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, mob ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis taus thiab tsis taus.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho cov plua plav bronchitis yog tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg tom qab kuaj thiab kuaj pom qhov tseeb. siv tshuaj kho tau zoo. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los kho cov bronchial patency, normalize qhov mob ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias thiab tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev.
Tshuaj tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev. Cov lus hauv qab no feem ntau siv:
- "ACC".
- "Lazolvan".
- YAmbroxol.
- Y"Acetylcysteine"
- Bisolwon.
Npau suav yuav tsum muab tshem tawm. Ua li no, sau ntawv txhais tau tias tshem tawm spasms. Cov tshuaj xws li Teopek thiab Terbutaline yog siv tau.
Mode
Thaum muaj tus kab mob no, koj yuav tsum ua raws ntau txoj cai rau tsoomfwv:
- Nrog rau tus kab mob hnyav, koj yuav tsum haus dej kom ntau. Ib tug neeg laus yuav tsum haus nws li ntawm 3-3.5 litres ib hnub twg. Muaj txiaj ntsig alkaline txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus, mis nyuj kub nrog Borjomi nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 1: 1.
- Koj xav tau kev noj zaub mov kom tiav, uas muaj cov protein ntau thiab cov vitamins. Noj txiv duaj thiabzaub.
- Koj yuav tsum tshem tawm ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau hnoos - plua plav thiab pa taws.
- Thaum huab cua qhuav, hnoos yuav hnov ntxhiab, yog li koj yuav tsum ua kom huab cua nyob hauv chav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab nqus cua thiab lub tshuab humidifier. Nws raug nquahu kom ua txhua hnub ntub dej ntawm tus neeg mob.
Lwm txoj kev
Kev kho cov plua plav bronchitis kuj tau ua nrog kev pabcuam cov txheej txheem - physiotherapy. Pab UHF thiab electrophoresis. Thaum kho, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov kom zoo. Siv cov vitamin complexes los ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua kom lub cev lub cev muaj zog.
Kev kho neeg pej xeem kuj tso cai. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tsos mob tso cai rau infusions thiab decoctions raws li licorice hauv paus. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov sib xyaw ua ke raws li coltsfoot thiab marshmallow cag. Alkaline inhalations muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom cov hnoos qeev thiab tshem tawm tau yooj yim.
Txawm hais tias tus kab mob no loj heev, nrog rau kev kho raws sijhawm nws yuav ua tiav cov txheej txheem pathological. Cov xwm txheej khiav tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha. Yog tias tsis muaj kev pab tsim nyog, tuaj yeem muaj kev tsis taus thiab kev tsis taus.
Physiotherapy
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev lub zog ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, uas muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Rau bronchitis, cov kws tshaj lij tau sau ntawv:
- Ultrahigh zaus kho (UHF). Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws xob ntau zausrau 5-15 feeb. Lub zog tsim tawm yog nqus los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Muaj kev txhim kho hauv microcirculation hauv bronchopulmonary system. Cov chav kawm ntawm kev kho yog 7-10 cov txheej txheem. Lawv ua txhua hnub los yog lwm hnub.
- Kev kho mob siab heev (SHF). Kev cuam tshuam rau ultra-high electromagnetic vibrations txhim kho microcirculation, relaxes bronchial nqaij thiab nthuav cov bronchial lumen. Chav kawm muaj 8-12 cov txheej txheem, uas yog ua txhua hnub rau 5-10 feeb. Yog tias tsim nyog, chav kawm rov ua dua hauv ib hlis.
- Electrophoresis. Txoj kev no yog raws li qhov tseeb hais tias thaum nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob teb, cov tshuaj txav los ntawm ib tug electrode mus rau lwm tus, nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Rau bronchitis, calcium iodide los yog calcium chloride npaj tau siv, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov txheej txheem yog 15-20 feeb, thiab chav kawm suav nrog 7-10 ntu, uas tau ua txhua hnub.
- Kev kho mob ultrasound. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultrasonic tsis, qhov hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv bronchial mucus thiab mucous plugs. Qhov no yog ua li cas cov hnoos qeev tau sib cais thiab tawm.
Txoj kev siv twg yog nyob ntawm tus kws kho mob. Txoj kev kho yog xaiv raws li tus neeg mob, qhov kev kuaj mob.
ua pa ua pa
Kev kho mob ua rau koj kawm ua pa kom raug. Inhalation yog ua sharply thiab tob. Cov huab cua yog kos los ntawm lub qhov ntswg nquag, nrog suab nrov. Exhalation yog ua tiav los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, maj mam thiab ntsiag to.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas huab cua nkag los ntawm txoj hlab pa dawb. Rhythm yog tsim nyogtswj tus qhab nia uas sib haum mus rau lub peb hlis ntuj kauj ruam qauv. Kev tawm dag zog yog ua zaum lossis pw, txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob.
Tus kab mob puas kis tau?
Yog hais tias lub mucous daim nyias nyias yog mob los ntawm ib tug kab mob, ces nws kis tau mus rau cov neeg uas muaj kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob. Tab sis qhov ua rau kis tus kab mob no yog suav tias tsis yog qhov mob nws tus kheej, tab sis tus kab mob hauv qab, xws li tonsillitis.
Kab mob kis mus rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov tee dej. Txoj kev sib cuag ntawm tus kab mob yog suav tias tsis tshua muaj, thaum tib neeg kis tus kab mob los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov khoom lossis cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm tus neeg mob. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob, tus neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev tu tus kheej.
Thaum tham, hnav daim npog qhov ncauj. Tom qab mus xyuas chav tsev uas tus neeg mob nyob, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav koj txhais tes. Tsis txhob siv cov khoom ntawm tus neeg mob bronchitis.
Kev nqus pa
Lub nebulizer yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas txau cov tshuaj rau hauv microparticles, uas tom qab nqus tau. Txoj kev siv tshuaj no yog suav tias yog siv tau. Siv nrog nebulizer:
- Expectorants ("Fluimucil"). Lawv nyias cov mucous plugs thiab ua kom yooj yim tshem tawm. Cov neeg laus rau 1 qhov kev nqus pa (5-15 feeb) xav tau 3 ml ntawm cov tshuaj, uas yog diluted hauv 0.9% sodium chloride tov (tib nqi). Cov tshuaj tiav yog ntxiv rau ib qho tshwj xeeb compartment ntawm lub cuab yeej, tom qab uas nws tig rau. Cov txheej txheem tau ua 2 zaug hauv ib hnub. Cov koob tshuaj rau menyuam yaus tau teem tsegRaws li hnub nyoog thiab lub cev hnyav.
- Bronchodilators ("Berodual"). Nrog lawv, kev so ntawm cov leeg ntawm bronchi tshwm sim thiab lawv cov lumen nthuav dav. Qhov no txo qis ua pa luv thiab lwm cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm hauv bronchitis. Cov neeg laus xav tau 3 ml ntawm sodium chloride, uas 40 tee yog diluted. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo xav tau 10 tee rau 3 ml ntawm saline.
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ("Rotokan"). Kev npaj muaj cov extracts ntawm calendula, chamomile thiab yarrow. Cov txheej txheem ua kom qeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Yuav kom tau txais cov tshuaj, koj yuav xav tau 1 ml ntawm cov tshuaj, uas yog diluted nrog 40 ml ntawm sodium chloride. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg sawv cev yog ntxiv rau nebulizer hauv 4 ml ntawm cov tshuaj npaj rau 1 txheej txheem. Kev sib kho yuav tsum tau ua 3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
- Immunostimulating agents ("Interferon"). Cov txheej txheem nce kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev. Cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv hmoov nyob rau hauv ampoules. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum qhib lub ampoule thiab ntxiv 2 ml ntawm dej distilled. 1 ampoule yog xav tau rau 1 txheej txheem. Kev sib tham tau ua 2 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Ua ntej pib kev kho mob, nws yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj kho mob uas yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ua ntej noj cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus qhia, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ntau npaum li cas, lub sijhawm kho.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm plua plav bronchitis yog xav tau los tiv thaiv tus kab mob. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tsis kam ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev lag luam muaj kev phom sij. Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, tom qab ntawd lub tshuab ua pa thiab lub cev yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev raug cov hmoov av.ua paug.
Koj yuav tsum siv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev teem sijhawm kuaj mob, pathology raug kuaj pom nyob rau theem pib thiab kev pabcuam raws sijhawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm daim duab cor pulmonale, raws li nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem nyuaj no ua rau tuag.
Thaum thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum hloov koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev kho kom raug thiab raws sijhawm, nws yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub ntsws thiab bronchi, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem.
