Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua yam teeb meem hauv lub cev yog qhov laj thawj hu rau tus kws kho mob. Thiab feem ntau yog thawj qhov uas tus kws kho mob pib kuaj nrog yog kev xa mus rau kev kuaj ntshav. Nws tseem hu ua general (OAK) vim hais tias nws muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub cev tag nrho.
Qhov kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav qhia li cas?
Yog tias muaj cov txheej txheem mob tshwm sim rau qee qhov lossis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv hauv paus, qhov no yuav pom tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
CBC yog qhov feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov kev xeem. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm txhua lub tsev kho mob, chaw kho mob them nyiaj lossis tsev kho mob. Nws yog tus nqi pheej yig thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev, ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ntau ntawm cov kev xeem thiab kev xeem ntxiv thiab tsom rau cov kab mob uas tau hais tseg zoo.
UAC tshawb fawb yog dab tsi?
Yog li, qhov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntshav qhia li cas? Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no qhia seb qhov kev ua haujlwm, kev ncaj ncees thiab cov qe ntshav li cas zoo li qub, thiabmuab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lwm yam tsis yooj yim:
- cov qe ntshav liab yog lub luag haujlwm tswj xyuas cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlab ntsha kom zoo.
- Platelets muab cov ntshav muaj peev xwm txhaws thiab tiv thaiv los ntshav. Yog tias lawv tsawg dua li qub, muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav, yog tias ntau dua - muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav txhaws ntawm phab ntsa venous.
- Leukocytes tsim tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li kev nce hauv lawv cov lej qhia tias txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, muaj qhov mob, lossis kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha xws li leukemia.
- Hematocrit ntsuas qhov piv ntawm cov qe ntshav rau nws cov ntshav. Qhov no yog vim li cas kev kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav tseem ceeb heev.
- ESR - qhov taw qhia ntawm erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi, ncaj qha qhia seb puas muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev. Tshawb xyuas nrog ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulants - cov tshuaj uas tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws.
- Leukocyte formula - suav txhua hom leukocytes thiab qhov piv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv rau tag nrho cov lej, qhia ua feem pua.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm hemoglobin, uas txiav txim siab qhov ntom ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm cov tshuaj no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntshav qab zib ntawm ntau yam etiologies, ib qho loj rau cov ntshav uas hnyav, lossis qog hlav los ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
- Cov xim ntshav qhia pom seb puas muaj hemoglobin txaus hauv cov qe ntshav liab.
Cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov neeg laus
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum yau, qhov ntsuas ib txwm sib txawv, yog li ntawdthaum deciphering ib tug me nyuam UAC, ib tug tsis tuaj yeem coj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov rooj zoo tib yam. Rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam, cov qauv kuj txawv me ntsis.
Kev sib txawv nce lossis nqis kom meej meej qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem pathological hauv lub cev. Tus kws kho mob paub txog, los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis txaus siab thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob, tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob thawj zaug, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau qhia meej. Ntawm no yog cov ntaub ntawv kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav. Cia peb saib cov ntsuas ntsuas kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin ib txwm muaj nuj nqis ntawm 135-160 g / l rau cov txiv neej thiab 120-140 g / l rau cov poj niam. Yog tias nws siab dua cov lej no, peb tuaj yeem xav tias:
- erythremia;
- dehydration.
Tus lej hauv qab tus qauv qhia:
- tsis muaj kab hlau rhuav;
- ntshav qab zib;
- saturation ntau dhau ntawm cov qe ntshav nrog dej noo (hyperhydration).
Txhua yam no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav. Nws decryption yog ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
Erythrocytes
RBCs yuav tsum qhia 4-5x1012/l rau txiv neej thiab 3, 7-4, 7x1012/l - poj niam. Feem ntau yog hu ua:
- kab mob oncological;
- tshuaj corticosteroids thiab tshuaj steroid;
- Cushing's syndrome (kab mob);
- polycystic raum kab mob;
- kub hnyiab, plab zom mov thiab cov quav xoob, lossis cov tshuaj diuretics ua rau cov qe ntshav liab nce me ntsis.
Muaj me meerythrocytes feem ntau pom ntawm:
- xeeb tub;
- xiav;
- hyperhydration;
- ntshav qab zib;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav no thiab qis qis ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab hauv cov pob txha liab.
Leukocytes
Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb uas kuaj ntshav muab.
Leukocytes thiab lawv cov qauv yog tib yam rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam: 4-9x109/l. Ua rau leukocytosis:
- ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab purulent, ntshav lom;
- kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob;
- malignant neoplasms;
- xeev tom qab lub plawv nres;
- peb lub hlis dhau los ntawm cev xeeb tub;
- tissue raug mob;
- lactation;
- kev tawm dag zog lub cev.
Leukopenia tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob;
- anaphylactic shock;
- hypoplasia lossis aplasia ntawm pob txha pob txha;
- kab mob Addison-Birmer;
- kis kab mob;
- typhoid;
- hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas ntawm ntau lub hauv paus.
Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob yuav qhia tag nrho qhov no.
Platelets
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov platelets kuj yog tib yam rau ob leeg poj niam txiv neej - 180-320x109/l. Txij li thaum lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntshav txhaws thiab tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ib leeg, lawv nceqhia:
- oncology;
- phais lossis los ntshav;
- kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv;
- mob mob ntev thaum lub sijhawm exacerbation, tshwj xeeb yog kab mob ntawm plab, hnyuv, txiav, siab;
- kab mob sib kis thiab kab mob;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau tshuaj ntau yam.
Thrombocytopenia yog ib txwm rau:
- kab mob autoimmune;
- kab mob siab;
- mob caj dab rheumatoid;
- Ylymphogranulomatosis;
- kab mob hemolytic.
txhawm rau kuaj xyuas tag nrho cov kab mob no, muaj kev kuaj ntshav. Nws tsis siv sijhawm ntev los decrypt nws.
ESR
ESR muaj ntau qhov ntsuas, los ntawm 1 txog 15 mm / h, rau cov hnub nyoog sib txawv, nrog rau poj niam txiv neej, lawv tus kheej ESR yog yam ntxwv. Tshaj li tus qauv tshwm sim thaum:
- kab mob thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory;
- kab mob siab thiab raum;
- cuam tshuam hauv qhov system endocrine;
- tom qab tawg thiab ua haujlwm;
- menstruation, cev xeeb tub, pub niam mis;
- mob ntshav qab zib ntau yam hauv lub hauv paus;
- Ycollagenose.
Low ESR tuaj yeem qhia:
- npaum cov kua tsib ntau lawm;
- teeb meem nrog cov ntshav tsis txaus rau hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg;
- nce ntshav bilirubin;
- ncua kev txhaws thiab ua kom cov ntshav nyias, tsim cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo, tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tag nrholos ntshav.
Hematocrit sab nraum qhov ntau ntawm 0, 39-0, 49, qhia tias tsis muaj hlau nyob hauv lub cev, kev loj hlob ntawm anemia thiab kab mob ntawm hom no.
Cov mis leukocyte yuav tsum muaj qhov feem pua ntawm tag nrho 5 hom leukocytes rau lawv tus lej tag nrho:
- eosinophils: 1-5%, rhuav tshem cov tshuaj tsis haum;
- stab neutrophils - 1-6%, thiab segmented - 47-72%, ntxuav cov ntshav los ntawm cov kab mob thiab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm nws ingress;
- basophils: 0-1%, pab cov qe ntshav dawb paub txog cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab tshem tawm qhov mob;
- monocytes: 3-9%, tshem tawm cov cell tuag thiab rhuav tshem, kab mob, khub ntawm antigens nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- lymphocytes: 19-40%, txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv, tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tus qauv ntawm qhov ntsuas xim yog 0.85-1.15. Nce ntxiv yog:
- tsis txaus folic acid thiab vitamin B12;
- oncology txhim kho;
- muaj polyps hauv plab.
Kev txo qis yog tias muaj ntshav tsis txaus nrog cov hlau tsis txaus thiab mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub.
Ntxiv rau, yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim coagulation, uas yog, coagulogram, uas kuj suav nrog lub sijhawm los ntshav. Tam sim no nws paub meej tias qhov kev kuaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob yuav qhia li cas.
Yuav ua li cas npaj rau UAC?
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis ntawm lub plab khoob, nyiam dua thaum sawv ntxov ua ntejnoj tshais. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, koj tuaj yeem noj tsis pub dhau 2 teev ua ntej. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv, ntsim, qaub, qaub thiab fatty zaub mov, vim hais tias cov ntshav cov ntshav ua chylous, uas yog, pos huab, kev xaiv ntawm Cheebtsam yuav nyuaj.
Feem ntau cov ntshav tawm ntawm tus ntiv tes, txhais tes tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis xav tau ntiv tes ntiv tes. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj cov leeg. Yog tias koj xav tau ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas rov qab, nws raug nquahu kom ua lawv tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov ntsuas yuav hloov pauv thaum nruab hnub.
Zoo kawg
OAC tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas ntau yam kab mob thaum ntxov. Yog li ntawd, rau kev tiv thaiv, nws tsim nyog noj nws tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug. Hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no txhua rau lub hlis. Nov yog qhov kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav yuav qhia.
