Cardiosclerosis yog ib qho pathology ntawm lub plawv cov leeg, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg txuas uas tshwm sim hauv myocardium. Tus kab mob no loj heev, vim nws ua rau deformation ntawm li qub thiab hloov cov nqaij fibers. Thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog rau qhov tshwm sim loj heev.
Vim li cas qhov no pathology tshwm sim? Cov tsos mob dab tsi qhia tias nws muaj? Yuav ua li cas nrog nws? Yog lawm, peb yuav tham txog tam sim no.
Kev faib tawm
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov kab mob hauv nqe lus nug tsis yog ib qho kev ywj pheej nosological, tab sis yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom kab mob plawv (CHD).
Cardiosclerosis, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau suav hais tias raws li kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv Lavxias Federation, nws tau nkag mus rau hauv kev kho mob hauv xyoo 1999. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv teev npe muab faib ua cov kab lus, qhov twg cov kab mob tau teev tseg, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tus lej xaiv.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm kev kuaj mob plawv hauv ICD zoo li no:
- Kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv - I00-I90.
- Postmyocardial cardiosclerosis - I20.0-I20.9.
- CHD – I10-I25.
- Kab mob Atherosclerotic plawv - I25.1.
- Postinfarction cardiosclerosis - I2020-I2525.
- Chronic CAD - I25.
Zoo, tau nyeem luv luv ICD-10 cov lej rau cardiosclerosis, peb tuaj yeem mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb dua. Namely, xav txog nws hom, ua rau, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob.
Hom thiab hom kab mob
Nws tsis tuaj yeem kov lub ncauj lus no. Cov lej rau cardiosclerosis hauv ICD-10 tau tham saum toj no, tab sis nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev faib tawm no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kab mob. Thiab tsuas muaj ob ntawm lawv:
- Focal cardiosclerosis. Hauv qhov no, cais qhov caws pliav ntawm qhov sib txawv me me yog tsim nyob rau hauv myocardium. Raws li txoj cai, pathology ntawm daim ntawv no tshwm sim los ntawm myocardial infarction lossis myocarditis.
- Diffuse cardiosclerosis. Daim ntawv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau myocardium thiab foci ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Lawv muab faib rau thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho lub plawv cov leeg. Raws li txoj cai, cardiosclerosis ntawm daim ntawv no tshwm sim nrog IHD.
Nws kuj yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm etiological hom kab mob. Tab sis lawv yog cov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob thawj, uas entails kev hloov ntawm functional myocardial fibers nrog nti. Hauv ICD-10, cardiosclerosis ntawm qee hom etiological yog qhia cais. Feem ntau, muaj peb ntawm lawv:
- Atherosclerotic daim ntawv. tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauvatherosclerosis.
- Post-infarction. Tsim los ntawm myocardial infarction.
- mob plawv. Puas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm myocarditis thiab rheumatism.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis tshua muaj lwm cov ntaub ntawv raug pom. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev raug mob, dystrophy thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm lub plawv cov leeg.
Atherocardiosclerosis
tshwm sim vim kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kab mob no yog qhia los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob coronary:
- mob plab vim kev ntxhov siab lossis kev tawm dag zog.
- ua tsis taus pa.
- Tsis xis nyob hauv lub puab tsaig, caj npab thiab nraub qaum.
- Ntau lub plawv dhia. Muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus.
- Faints.
- kiv taub hau, xeev siab thiab qaug zog.
- Blurred nco qab.
- tawm hws ntau dhau.
- Edema ntawm qis extremities.
- Psycho-emotional lability.
Raws li tus kab mob no zuj zus, pulmonary edema lossis tawm tsam ntawm plawv hawb pob, ascites thiab pleurisy, atrial fibrillation, extrasystole, atrioventricular blockade, atherosclerosis ntawm aorta thiab cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
txhawm rau tsim kev kuaj mob, tus kws kho plawv tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob keeb kwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau txiav txim siab seb nws puas muaj atherosclerosis, kab mob coronary artery, arrhythmia, yav dhau los lub plawv nres, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tseem yuav tau mus kuaj mob nram qab no:
- kuaj ntshav biochemical. Pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov qib siab ntawm beta-lipoproteins thiab pom muaj hypercholesterolemia.
- EKG. Yuav tsum tau rauKev kuaj pom ntawm coronary insufficiency, arrhythmia, postinfarction scarring, moderate hypertrophy thiab intracardiac conduction.
- Echocardiography. Tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov ua txhaum ntawm myocardial contractility.
- Velergometry. Nrog nws cov kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau meej tias muaj zog myocardial dysfunction yog li cas, nrog rau lub xeev ntawm lub functional reserves ntawm lub plawv.
Tus neeg mob kuj tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau kev kuaj tshuaj, polycardiography, cardiac MRI, ventriculography, 24-teev ECG saib xyuas, coronary angiography thiab rhythmocardiography. Thiab kom paub meej seb puas muaj effusion, lub hauv siab x-ray, ultrasound ntawm lub plab thiab pleural kab noj hniav yog ua.
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Txuas ntxiv tham txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no, nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib rau daim ntawv no. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas kev kho mob, qhov no pathology yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm IHD. Postinfarction cardiosclerosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm:
- nce siab hauv cov hlab ntsws, cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, nrog rau kev nce hauv lawv cov permeability.
- txo qis kev ua siab ntev.
- Nyob.
- Ua pa hnyav nrog hawb pob.
- Alveolar pulmonary edema.
- Kev mob ntsws asthma tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab lossis lub cev.
- Ua tsis taus pa hnyav, acrocyanosis, hws txias.
- Pleev tawv nqaij. Lub integument tej zaum yuav muaj greyish tinge.
- Npaj intracranial siab.
- Txhob Cia Siabthiab nce peripheral mem tes.
- txo qis ntshav siab.
txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj mob Cardiosclerosis ntawm post-infarction etiology, tus kws kho mob, ntxiv rau kev noj anamnesis thiab kawm cov tsos mob, coj tus neeg mob mus rau cov kev tshawb fawb saum toj no. Tab sis, ntxiv rau lawv, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no kuj tuaj yeem raug xaiv:
- PET lub siab. Pab ntsuam xyuas cov khoom noj khoom haus myocardial, muaj qhov tsis txaus, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab txog qib cell viability.
- kuaj lub cev. Tso cai rau koj kom pom qhov hloov pauv los yog mus rau sab laug ntawm apex tuav thiab tsis muaj zog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm thawj lub suab. Nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj, muaj ib tug systolic yws yws ntawm lub mitral valve.
- Kev Ntsuas Kev Nyuaj Siab (treadmill test thiab tsheb kauj vab ergometry) thiab kev saib xyuas Holter. Cov kev tshawb fawb no pab txheeb xyuas cov ischemia tsis tu ncua.
Echocardiography tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov no. Nws pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas sab laug ventricular hypertrophy, dilatation, mob aneurysm ntawm lub plawv thiab contractility disorders.
mob plawv mob plawv
Thiab tsim nyog tham txog tus kab mob no nyias. Myocarditis cardiosclerosis yog pathology ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, cov ntaub so ntswg myocardial tuag thiab hloov los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg fibrous. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub siab hloov mus rau nws, thiab qhov no ua rau nws qhov loj me. Raws li qhov tshwm sim - ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav ncig thiab tsis txaus.
Feem ntau, cov neeg mob yws ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- kiv taub hau.
- ua tsis taus pa.
- High heart rate.
- nrawm dhauqaug zog.
- mob siab ntawm qhov nyem los yog stabbing ua cim.
- nce lossis txo lub plawv dhia.
- Lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem. Lawv tshwm sim hauv extrasystole, atrial fibrillation thiab lub plawv thaiv.
- Aneurysm. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab tom qab protrusion ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub plawv. Yog hais tias ib qho aneurysm ruptures, ces kev tuag yuav zam tsis tau.
txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj qhov tseeb, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev kuaj mob auscultatory, tom qab ntawd nws coj nws mus rau ECG thiab MRI kom tau txais cov duab ntawm lub plawv hauv ntau lub dav hlau. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los kawm txog nws qhov xwm txheej, nrog rau tshuaj xyuas cov li qub, phab ntsa thiab cov chav.
Lwm yam ua rau mob
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau cov kab mob ntsig txog cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tias muaj lwm yam ua rau cardiosclerosis. Yam tsawg kawg yuav tsum muaj ua ntej rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no suav nrog:
- Radiation raug. Nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tuab thiab cuam tshuam rau ntau lub cev thiab lub cev. Yog hais tias lub plawv cov leeg yog irradiated, lub restructuring ntawm lub hlwb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub molecular theem.
- Sarcoidosis. Cov kab mob no yog qhov systemic, yog li nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau yam ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Yog tias sarcoidosis siv rau hauv daim ntawv mob plawv, ces inflammatory granulomas hauv myocardium.
- YHemochromatosis. Nws yog characterized los ntawm active deposition ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv lub plawv cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no ua rau muaj tshuaj lom. Qhov tshwm sim yog mob, uasua rau cov ntaub so ntswg proliferating.
- YScleroderma. Cov ntaub so ntswg pib loj hlob los ntawm capillaries. Thiab myocardium yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lawv. Lub plawv pib loj thaum cov phab ntsa tuab, tab sis tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm cardiomyocyte puas los yog o.
Thiab tau kawg, cov tshuaj paub cov xwm txheej thaum tus neeg mob muaj idiopathic cardiosclerosis. Qhov no yog ib qho pathology uas tau tsim los tsis muaj laj thawj. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog cov txheej txheem uas tseem tsis tau pom.
Tej zaum, muaj cov yam ntxwv keeb kwm yav dhau los uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm ib theem ntawm lub neej. Tab sis qhov yuav tshwm sim tam sim no tsuas yog tau tham los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
kho nrog vasodilators
Ntau tau hais saum toj no txog cov lej ntawm cardiosclerosis raws li ICD, cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob no thiab cov kev kuaj mob. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov yuav kho li cas.
Ib nqe lus yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd. Cardiosclerosis yog ib yam kab mob loj heev. Kev kho tus kheej hauv qhov no tsis tuaj yeem lees txais! Nws tsuas yog tus kws kho mob uas txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj twg yuav raug coj los txo cov tsos mob, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab tus neeg mob ntawm tus neeg mob.
Raws li txoj cai, cov tshuaj vasodilator feem ntau tau sau tseg. Cov tshuaj no txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv zos. Feem ntau xaiv xws li txhais tau tias:
- Cavinton. Txhim kho lub hlwb metabolism thiab ntshav ncig. Ua kom noj oxygen thiab piam thaj los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub paj hlwb. Qhov tseem ceeb nce qhov tsis kam ntawm hypoxia rau cov neurons thiab txo kev sib sauplatelets, thins cov ntshav. Ua kom cerebral ntshav txaus. Ua kom cov ntshav txaus nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ischemic uas tsis tshua muaj perfusion.
- "Cinatropil". Cov tshuaj ua ke uas muaj vasodilating, antihypoxic thiab nootropic nyhuv. Txhim kho cov metabolism hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, cerebral ncig thiab elasticity ntawm erythrocyte daim nyias nyias, txo cov excitability ntawm lub vestibular apparatus.
Lawv yuav tsum tau noj nrog cardiosclerosis hauv cov chav kawm ib ntus, 1 ntsiav tshuaj 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Thawj lub sij hawm ntawm kev kho mob feem ntau kav 2-3 lub hlis.
tshuaj mob plawv
Cov nyiaj no muaj suav tsis txheeb, thiab lawv tau muab faib ua pab pawg. Qee cov tshuaj tswj cov ntshav ncig thiab tswj cov hlab ntsha, lwm tus txo qhov mob, qee qhov ua ncaj qha rau ntawm cov leeg, muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sclerotic thiab hypolipidemic, thiab lwm yam.
Cardiosclerosis ntawm lub plawv yog ib yam kab mob nyuaj, yog li cov tshuaj ntawm ntau pab pawg tau sau tseg, thiab ntawm no yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws:
- Korglikon. Ib qho glycoside uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo inotropic. Nws muaj cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm, lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib qho extract ntawm May lily ntawm hav nplooj. Ua kom cov rhiab heev ntawm cardiopulmonary baroreceptors, tsub kom cov kev ua ntawm vagus paj hlwb.
- "Asparkam". Replenishes qhov tsis txaus ntawm magnesium thiab poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev, tswj cov txheej txheem metabolic, txo cov conductivity thiab excitability ntawm myocardium, tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm electrolytes.
- "Digoxin". Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj no yog ib qho extract ntawm woolly foxglove. Txhim kho lub plawv ua haujlwm thiab lengthens diastole. Ua kom myocardial contractility, thiab, yog li ntawd, feeb thiab stroke ntim.
- Verapamil. Calcium channel blocker, uas muaj antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic thiab antianginal teebmeem. Nws cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si myocardium thiab peripheral hemodynamics. Txo cov myocardial oxygen thov, txo nws cov suab nrov. Yog tias muaj supraventricular arrhythmia, ces nws kuj muaj cov nyhuv antiarrhythmic.
Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau noj 1 ntsiav tshuaj 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub. Hoob no feem ntau yog 1-2 lub hlis.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov tshuaj no kuj tau siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm focal thiab diffuse cardiosclerosis. Lawv tsis pub sib sau ua ke (gluing) ntawm platelets, thiab qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws hauv pawg no yog:
- "Cardiomagnyl". Cov tshuaj no tsis tsuas yog inhibits platelet aggregation, nws kuj muaj antipyretic, analgesic thiab anti-inflammatory teebmeem.
- "Aspecard" thiab "Aspirin". Ob yam tshuaj no yog analogues. Lawv muaj cov nyhuv tib yam li Cardiomagnyl. Cov nyhuv antiplatelet tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais nyob rau hauv platelets, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov ua kom COX.
Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau noj 1 ntsiav tshuaj 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub. Tag nrho peb cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntshav, thiab tseem txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab hauv plawv.
Lwm tshuaj
Txuas ntxiv hais txog nws yog dab tsi - cardiosclerosis, thiab yuav kho tus kab mob no li cas, yuav tsum tau sau npe rau lwm pab pawg tshuaj uas tau muab tshuaj los txo cov tsos mob.
Nrog rau cov kab mob no, nootropics feem ntau tau sau tseg, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua:
- "Fezam". Nws kuj muaj vasodilating thiab antihypoxic nyhuv. Txhim kho cov ntshav khiav, txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb thiab cov ntshav viscosity, txhim kho elasticity ntawm erythrocyte daim nyias nyias.
- "Piracetam". Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv hlwb thiab kev ua haujlwm sib xyaw ua ke. Txhim kho cov ntshav khiav thiab kev sib txuas ntawm hemispheres, stabilizes cerebral functions.
Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum haus tsis tu ncua, 1 ntsiav tshuaj 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Cov tshuaj uas txhim kho lub plawv dhia feem ntau kuj tau sau tseg. Cov no suav nrog Kordaron thiab Coronal.
Nrog edema, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm pathology hauv nqe lus nug, diuretics xws li Veroshpiron thiab Furosemide pab daws. Lawv yuav tsum tau noj 1 ntsiav tshuaj 1 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 2-3 lub lis piam.
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, nrog cardiosclerosis, koj yuav tsum haus dej haus tonic. Namely, cov vitamins ntawm pab pawg B. Lawv tsis tu ncua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab lub cev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thaum nws qaug zog vim muaj mob.
Khoom noj
Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob cardiosclerosis yog kev noj haus. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub nra ntawm lub cev nrog cov khoom noj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov cai no:
- Noj 5-6 zaug hauv ib hnub ua me me.
- Tsis txhob ntau tshaj qhov caloric txhua hnub ntawm 2500-2700 kcal.
- Tsis txhob ntsev. Los yog tsawg kawg ua kom tsawg kawg nkaus.
- Ua zaub mov tshwj xeeb rau ob peb leeg. Fried, stewed, ci, thiab lwm yam yog txwv.
- suav nrog ntau tshaj ntawm cov kab kawm thiab cov vitamins hauv koj cov zaub mov noj txhua hnub. Qhov no txhais tau tias noj zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab. Tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm calcium thiab magnesium, uas yog tsim nyog los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Koj tseem yuav tau tso cov khoom no:
- cov khoom noj uas muaj cov roj (cholesterol) (nqaij, ntses, lard, nqaij).
- Cawv.
- YQee zaub thiab tshuaj ntsuab: radishes, dos, peas, parsley, taum, zaub qhwv thiab qej.
- Zog, tshuaj yej muaj zog, cocoa, kas fes.
- Qe thiab khoom noj siv mis.
Koj tseem yuav tsum txo cov kua dej uas koj haus. Ib hnub - tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.5 litres. Dab tsi tuaj yeem noj nrog cardiosclerosis? Qhov tseeb, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav kev noj haus. Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi:
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo: txiv apples, txiv apples, tangerines, kiwis, txiv tsawb thiab txiv hmab. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua compotes, jellies, puddings, thiab lwm yam.
- Ntaus.
- zaub lwm yam uas tsis yog cov teev saum toj no.
- Nplej thiab buckwheat porridge nrog mis nyuj tsis muaj roj.
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zaub ntug hauv paus, txiv apples thiab txiv kab ntxwv.
- Nqaij, nqaij qaib thiab ntses nrog cov roj tsawg (tsis tshua muaj).
Qhia ntxaws ntxiv ua thiab tsis uaua los ntawm kws kho mob. Nws yuav tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus nrog tus neeg mob yam tsis poob.
Huab cua
Ntau yam tau hais los saum toj no txog ICD cov lej rau cardiosclerosis, cov tsos mob thiab ua rau tus kab mob no, nrog rau nws yuav tsum kho li cas. Thaum kawg, ob peb lo lus hais txog kev kwv yees.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev hloov pauv ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob, nrog rau nws lub peev xwm ua haujlwm, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm pathology thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias nws tsis muaj lub nra hnyav los ntawm cov hlab ntshav thiab cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo, ces tus kab mob yuav ua tau zoo dua.
Tab sis yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, qhov kev cia siab yuav hnyav zuj zus. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob ventricular extrasystole, atrial fibrillation thiab circulatory tsis ua haujlwm. Kuj tseem ceeb txaus ntshai yog ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, atrioventricular blockade thiab aneurysm, uas twb tau hais ua ntej.
Nws tau pom zoo kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tias muaj kev ceeb toom tshwm sim, nrog rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd, nrog rau kev kho mob atherosclerosis, mob plawv tsis txaus thiab myocarditis.
Cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlab plawv lossis lub siab xav tsim lawv yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob plawv txhua rau lub hlis.
