"Koj xav tau dab tsi ntxiv?" - Cov lus nug no tau nug hauv ntau lub chaw kho hniav kom txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem tsis meej pem rau qee tus neeg mob. Tab sis kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom ntim niaj hnub no yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Hauv kev kho hniav, nws yog txoj cai los faib rau hauv hom, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv thov. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav saib cov kev xaiv twg muaj nyob.
Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qee qhov yuav tsum tau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv no. Tom qab ntawd, qhov no yuav pab txiav txim siab qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo.
Series ntawm kev xav tau
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau zoo? Yog tias lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txheej txheem yog sau kab noj hniav hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, yam tsis muaj kev tsis ntseeg, txhua hom ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom yooj yim, viscosity tom qab ua kom tawv. Tseem muaj lwm yam yuav tsum tau uasiv rau niaj hnub variants:
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg thiab kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg mob.
- Inertness ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv relation mus rau acidic ib puag ncig.
- Lub filling yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab nrog zaub mov lossis qaub ncaug.
- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov xim ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum sib haum rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov pob txha ntuj, tsis sawv tawm.
- Lub filling yuav tsum harden nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hauv lub kwj dej yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog hnav tsis kam, nrog rau khaws cov xim thoob plaws tag nrho lub neej kev pabcuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom yuav tsum maj mam ua tiav.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev kho hniav yog cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov tuam txhab German, Israeli thiab European tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo tiag tiag thiab ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv niaj hnub rau kev siv nyab xeeb.
Ntxiv rau, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam no txhim khu kev qha thiab nyob twj ywm thoob plaws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm txawv teb chaws analogues piv nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog tus nqi siab.
ntsuas ib ntus
Hauv kev kho hniav, tsis tsuas yog siv cov tshuaj tas mus li, tab sis kuj yog kev ntsuas ib ntus. Qhov no yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas nws tsis tuaj yeem kho tus hniav hauv ib zaug. Cov ntaub ntawv sau ib ntus tso cai rau koj kaw cov kab noj hniav qhib los yog sau qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem yog ib qho lossis ob qho khoom siv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv yog tsim rau ib tug tej yamib lub sij hawm mus txog rau qhov kev kho mob tom ntej.
Ntxiv rau, yog tias tus kws kho mob tsis ntseeg tias pulpitis yuav tsis txhim kho tom qab kev kho mob, ces nws kuj tau txais kev pab los ntawm kev sau ib ntus. Thiab cov khoom no hu ua kev kuaj mob.
Tsis zoo li cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyob ruaj khov, cov khoom siv ib ntus yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ruaj khov. Qhov no yog ua tiav rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb - yog li nws tuaj yeem tshem tau yooj yim ntawm kev kho mob tom ntej. Qhov no txuag tau ntau lub sijhawm. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog ib qho khoom siv dentin. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom no, arsenic muab tshuaj yog cais, uas ua hauj lwm los tua lub pulp ntawm cov hniav.
Khoom siv rau kev sau ib ntus
Cov ntaub ntawv ntim rau cov kwj dej ntawm qhov xwm txheej ib ntus, ntxiv rau kom ua tiav qhov nruj ntawm cov kab noj hniav, yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm zom zom. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov kws kho hniav yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv ib qho khoom siv. Tab sis yog tias qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau siv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev sib khi, ces yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom ntim tas mus li.
Thiab txij li qhov no tsuas yog kev ntsuas ib ntus xwb, nws tseem muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau ua. Thiab ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau npaj sai, tsis txhob lo rau cov cuab yeej thiab tiv taus lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev nyuaj siab.
Cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws yog cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:
- roj dentin (dentine paste);
- khoom siv polymer;
- dejdentine (Artificial).
Ntxiv rau, ntau hom cement yog siv - zinc sulfate, zinc eugenol, polycarboxylate, iav ionomer. Tsis tas li, qee zaum, kws kho hniav siv cov ntaub qhwv hniav.
Dej dag filling
Artificial dentin yog ib qho kev npaj uas tau npaj los ntawm ob lub ntsiab. Thawj ntawm lawv yog cov hmoov, uas suav nrog zinc oxide thiab sulfate, kaolin. Qhov thib ob tivthaiv yog dej distilled. Yuav kom tau txais cov khoom, cov hmoov sib tov rau ntawm lub khob phaj (nws muaj qhov ntxhib saum npoo) nrog dej rau qhov xav tau sib xws.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj suav nrog kev ceev ntawm kev npaj thiab kev siv yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshem tawm xws li lub foob tsis yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub foob muaj zog heev los tiv thaiv kev tawm dag zog lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, dej-raws li dentin yog resistant rau tshuaj tua kab mob. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg mob yog qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
Ntxiv rau, cov tshuaj muaj tus nqi qis, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj nyob rau ntau ntu ntawm cov pejxeem. Ntawm cov shortcomings tuaj yeem pom qhov hnav sai ntawm cov khoom siv. Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub foob tsis pub dhau 14 hnub txij li hnub tau thov kev sib xyaw.
Npaj ua pasta
Qhov no kuj yog cov hniav cuav, tsuas yog ntawm no clove los yog txiv duaj roj yog siv es tsis txhob dej distilled. Thiab tsis zoo li aqueous analogue tau tham saum toj no, cov tshuaj no twb muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tiav. Ntawd yog, ua ntejtsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum sib tov.
Cov khoom siv kuj yooj yim siv thiab tawv nrog qaub ncaug hauv 3 teev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog tib yam twb paub dej dentin, cov roj analogue yog txawv los ntawm ntau zog cov yam ntxwv. Lub foob tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav thaum zom zaub mov.
Ntxiv rau, cov khoom ntim ib ntus no kuj yog tshuaj tua kab mob zoo. Hais txog kev pabcuam lub neej, roj dentin tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 6 lub hlis.
khoom siv polymer
Raws li kev ntsuas ib ntus, cov ntaub ntawv polymeric tshwj xeeb tsim rau lub hom phiaj no kuj tseem siv tau. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas zoo li cov roj hmab hauv lawv qhov sib xws.
- Clip.
- Voco.
- Cimpat LC.
- Septodont.
- Fermit.
- Vivadent.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yooj yim heev rau siv, muaj cov khoom nplaum zoo heev hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm qhov ncauj. Lawv kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib siab ntawm elasticity, thiab dhau li ntawd, tom qab hardening, lub foob qhia ib tug nruab nrab cim rau txhua yam.
Raws li daim ntawv thov, xws li pastes tsis xav tau kev kho mob ua ntej ntawm cov hniav nrog cov nplaum nplaum. Tsuas yog ua ntej ua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov kab noj hniav yuav tsum tau qhuav. Lub filling yog kho nrog lub teeb curing tshuab.
Tshuaj pads hauv kev kho hniav
Pads hauv kev kho hniav yog siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov txheej txheem carious twb cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sisNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm khaws tau lub pulp thiab thim rov qab qhov txhab.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov ntaub qhwv yog fraught nrog ntau yam tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab zoo:
- dentin kaw hermetically;
- muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- restoration ntawm pob txha hniav cov ntaub so ntswg;
- tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub pulp;
- tag nrho ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ntu zus.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub gaskets yuav tsum muaj plasticity, muaj zog zog thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav resistant rau ib puag ncig influences. Rau qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yog siv. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev hloov pauv raws li calcium hydroxide - thaum nws decomposes, lub dentin tau muab nrog calcium ions, uas ua rau kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg hloov. Cov khoom siv yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua roj vanish, aqueous suspension los yog cements uas harden nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm chemistry los yog lub teeb.
Zinc-eugenol cov ntaub ntawv muaj eugenol hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thiab qhov no, qhov tseeb, yog tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb.
Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev kho hniav yog muag npaj ua los yog lawv tuaj yeem npaj rau ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv muaj qhov tsim nyog zoo, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov no yog:
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- bactericidal zog;
- txhawb kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg;
- pab mob;
- tshem tawm cov mob mob ntawm cov tawv nqaij.
RoleCov ntaub qhwv hniav yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tob caries, lawv tsuas yog tsim nyog. Lawv siv tsuas yog vim muaj cov kab mob bactericidal nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej, txij li thaum lub sijhawm phais muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm cov tawv nqaij nrog cov kab mob pathogenic. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam tuaj yeem xaus nrog kev kis kab mob thiab suppuration.
Nyob rau hauv qhov no, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov hauv paus hniav, ntau tus kws kho hniav siv cov ntaub qhwv hniav. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg mob tsis xis nyob.
Kev faib cov khoom ntim hauv kev kho hniav niaj hnub
Cov khoom siv uas siv hauv kev kho hniav niaj hnub rau kev ua kom ruaj khov tso cai rau koj los kho cov qauv qub ntawm cov hniav. Lawv nteg cov kwj dej hauv paus thiab tuaj yeem xyaum tsis tau tsuas yog enamel, tab sis kuj dentin. Peb twb tau paub peb tus kheej nrog ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab ntau tus kws kho mob tau coj los ntawm lawv, ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hardening lub sij hawm ntawm lub filling muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov khoom tseem yas thiab tuav lub peev xwm tsim. Koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tus qauv ntawm kev tsis lees paub - ywj siab los yog nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm UV rays ntawm ib co spectrum. Qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug yog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tom qab nws tau raug tsis lees paub. Ntawd yog, ntev npaum li cas cov filling tuaj yeem khaws cov duab thiab cov duab.
Tsim cov khoom siv kho hniav
Kev faib cov khoom ntim kuj suav nrog cov cement. Nws kuj muaj lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws. Muaj ib pawg loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, lawv txhua tus muaj qhov sib txawv thiab cov khoom sib txawv. Lub ntim ntim feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ob lossis peb yam nrog cov kua nruab nrab. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem siv cov dej distilled lossis cov kua qaub tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov khoom khaws cia plasticity rau kev tsim. Tab sis tom qab kev tsis lees paub, cov cement hardens, thiab nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov duab. Raws li rau lub sijhawm tsis lees paub, nws txawv rau txhua hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cement muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ib puag ncig.
Hom ntau tshaj plaws yog silicate, phosphate thiab iav ionomer cements. Silicate hniav cement rau cementation ntawm cov yas ua kom yooj yim kom ua tiav cov nyhuv kom zoo nkauj, txij li koj tuaj yeem phim cov xim rau cov hniav ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li cov filling tuaj yeem tso cov tshuaj fluoride. Thiab cov khoom no yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis kab mob nrog caries.
iav ionomers zoo sib xws nrog cov hniav hniav. Cov khoom no hardens nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem maj mam ua txhua yam kev tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li qhov txhaws hnav tawm sai heev thiab tuaj yeem nqus cov xim zaub mov.
Composites
Composite fillings yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj muaj nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav. Lawv suav nrog ob pebCheebtsam ntawm ob qho tib si lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab tsim thiab feem ntau muaj xws li iav ionomer additives.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke raug xaiv nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntim. Qhov loj me yog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov cheeb tsam uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv rau kev zom khoom loj.
Muaj ntau pawg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw:
- tshuaj;
- lub teeb-hardening.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog qhov txawv ntawm kev hnav zoo, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem carious. Lawv qhov txawv feature yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm quartz hmoov. Ua tau vim qhov no, qhov xav tau hardness ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog guaranteed. Ntxiv rau lawv lub zog, cov khoom ntim tau zoo heev - qhov nruab nrab lub neej kev pabcuam tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 2 txog 5 xyoos.
Tshuaj filling khoom
Cov khoom ntim zoo li no, tsim siv cov khoom siv polymer, tam sim no xav tau ntau heev. Thiab tag nrho ua tsaug rau elasticity ntawm cov khoom, zoo nkauj tsos, nruj haum rau cov hniav ntsiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj shrinkage.
Feem ntau, cov khoom sib xyaw hauv kev kho hniav tau tsim los hloov cov cement counterparts. Nws qhov txawv feature nyob rau hauv lub muab tub lim - porcelain. Xws li cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem, dhau los, muab faib ua ntau yam subspecies:
- acrylic;
- ntawm epoxyresin.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom ntim, uas suav nrog acrylic, yog qhov ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov, uas yog qhov tseeb ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv yog cov tshuaj lom heev. Nws feem ntau pom tau tias tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm acrylic filling, ntau qhov pores tshwm. Tom qab ntawd, qhov no cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho tsis pom kev ntawm pulpitis lossis cov tsos mob thib ob ntawm caries, tsis yog ntawm tib tus hniav nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg nyob sib ze.
Resin-based composites yog nkig heev, tab sis tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd ib qho ntxiv yog qhov tsis muaj toxicity, tsis zoo li acrylic counterparts. Tab sis tom qab ob peb xyoos, cov filling darken.
Lub teeb foob
Txawm hais tias muaj cov tshuaj analogues tau nthuav dav hauv kev kho hniav, lub teeb, lub teeb-polymer lossis cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tseem nrov dua. Cov khoom uas muab tso rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm cov hniav pib harden nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub teeb tshwj xeeb (feem ntau yog halogen). Raws li qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv no hu ua heliocurable lossis photopolymer.
Cov xim tuaj yeem sib phim rau lub suab ntawm cov hniav ntuj, thiab vim qhov no, tsis tsuas yog zom, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem rov qab los. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov txiaj ntsig loj. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo:
- zoo nkauj zoo nkauj;
- qis qis;
- kwv tij muaj zog.
Hais txog lub ntsiab lus kawg - tom qab kev teeb tsa, lub foob yuav tsis rhuav tshem nyiashniav phab ntsa thiab siv zog siab rau qhov opposite lub ntsiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo nrog kev khaws cia ntawm cov duab thiab xim, tsis muaj zog shrinkage.
Txawm tias niaj hnub no, cov khoom sib xyaw txuas ntxiv txhim kho, suav nrog yuav ua li cas muab cov hniav tso rau ntawm tus hniav. Hauv qhov no, thaj tsam ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog nthuav dav. Sau nrog cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog hauv kev kho mob caries xwb, lawv yuav pab tau rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv no, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov chips thiab tawg ntawm cov hniav, thiab kho lawv txoj haujlwm.
As xaus
Cov khoom siv rau kev txhaws hauv kev kho hniav yog qhov tsim nyog los kho cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav. Cov npe ntawm lawv yog qhov loj heev, txij li txhua lub sijhawm muaj ntau thiab ntau qhov kev xaiv tshiab tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem carious, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg kom tsis txhob muaj cov hniav puas tsuaj ntxiv. Thiab qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog mus tas li, tab sis kuj yog ib ntus filling.
Kev xaiv ntawm ib lossis lwm yam khoom siv rau kev txhim kho qhov txhaws ntawm tus hniav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau yam:
- hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob;
- nplai ntawm kev puas tsuaj;
- degree of toothfunction.
Kev kho mob hauv chaw kho hniav yuav ua tiav yog tias koj hu rau cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog tau txais kev paub dhau los.
Thaum kawg, nws tseem yuav ua qee cov lus qhia tswv yim. Thaum mus ntsib ib lub tsev kho mob, cov neeg mob yuav tsum nco ntsoovtxaus siab rau cov ntaub ntawv twg los sau cov kws kho mob muaj. Koj yuav tsum nug tus kws tshaj lij txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo uas twb muaj lawm.
Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj lub tswv yim hais txog kev faib cov ntaub ntawv sau, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm tus kheej los yog lwm qhov kev xaiv.
