Lub cev lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim tawm ntawm cov txiv neej hu ua testicles. Lawv tsim cov hlwb - spermatozoa thiab cov tshuaj hormones, piv txwv li, testosterone. Lub anatomical thiab histological qauv ntawm cov noob qes nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej yog complex, txij li thaum cov kabmob no ua tau ntau yam dej num ib zaug. Lawv nqa tawm spermatogenesis - tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob qes ua haujlwm ntawm endocrine. Lawv nyob hauv ib lub hnab tawv nqaij tshwj xeeb - scrotum. Qhov kub tshwj xeeb tau khaws cia rau ntawd, uas yog qis dua li lwm qhov hauv lub cev.
Cov noob qes yog cov duab elliptical thiab ntsuas txog 4cm ntev thiab 3cm dav. Feem ntau, tej zaum yuav muaj me ntsis asymmetry ntawm gonads. Txhua lub noob qes tau muab faib los ntawm cov membrane partitions rau hauv ntau lobules. Lawv muaj convoluted seminal canals uas tsim lub testicular plexus. Nws cov ducts efferent nkag mus rau hauv epididymis. Muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phev yog tsim - lub taub hau. Tom qab ntawd - cov channel nkag mus rau vas deferens, uas mus rau lub zais zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv nthuav thiab nkag mus rau lwm lub cev ntawm tus txiv neej kev ua me nyuam - prostate. Ua ntej no, cov channel yog tsim rau hauv ejaculatory duct, uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsamurethra.
Histological qauv ntawm testicles nyob rau hauv txiv neej
Cov txiv neej gonads yog tsim los ntawm cov spermatic qaum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg interstitial. Sab nraud, lawv tau them nrog lub plhaub protein. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuab. Lub plhaub protein yog fused nrog lub cev. Tom qab, nws thickens, tsim cov mediastinum ntawm lub testis. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas tau muab faib ua ntau txoj hlua. Lawv tsim lobules, nyob rau hauv uas yog convoluted tubules. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
- Sertoli cell - sustentocyte. Ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, nws koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntshav-testicular barrier.
- Cells lub luag haujlwm rau spermatogenesis.
- Myofibroblasts. Lawv lub npe yog peritubular hlwb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm myofibroblasts yog los xyuas kom meej qhov txav ntawm cov kua dej seminal los ntawm cov kwj dej convoluted.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, muaj cov ntaub so ntswg interstitial nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub testis. Nws yog kwv yees li 15%. Cov ntaub so ntswg interstitial yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li Leydig hlwb, macrophages, capillaries, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias lub tortuous channels yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tsim cov kab mob hlwb, ces cov tsim thiab zus tau tej cov txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones tshwm sim ntawm no.
Sertoli cell: qauv
Sertoli hlwb muaj cov duab elongated. Lawv qhov loj me yog li 20-40 microns. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem loj heev, uas yog hu ua kev txhawb nqa hlwb. Lub cytoplasm ntawm cov ntsiab lus no muaj ntau cov organelles. Ntawm lawv:
- Lub ntsiab. Nws muaj qhov tsis sib xws, qee zaum pear-puab duab. Chromatin nyob rau hauv lub nucleus yog unevenly faib.
- Smooth thiab ntxhib EPS. Qhov thib ib yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj steroid, qhov thib ob muab cov protein synthesis.
- Golgi apparatus. Ua tsaug rau cov organelle no, qhov kawg synthesis, cia thiab excretion ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim.
- Lysosomes - koom nrog phagocytosis.
- YMicrofilaments. Cov organelles no koom nrog cov phev maturation.
Ntxiv rau, txhua Sertoli cell muaj cov rog rog. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov sustentocytes nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov tubules seminiferous, thiab lub apex hloov mus rau hauv lawv cov lumen.
Sertoli hlwb: ua haujlwm
Lub Sertoli cell yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv uas tsim cov tubules seminiferous convoluted. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim nws koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm spermatogenesis thiab synthesis ntawm txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones. Cov haujlwm hauv qab no ntawm Sertoli hlwb yog qhov txawv:
- Trophic. Cov ntsiab lus no muab cov phev tsis paub qab hau nrog oxygen thiab cov as-ham.
- Tiv thaiv. Txhua lub cell muaj lysosomes nyob rau hauv cytoplasm - organelles koom nrog phagocytosis. Lawv nqus thiab rov ua dua cov khoom lwj, xws li cov spermatid fragments tuag.
- Muab cov ntshav-testicular barrier. Qhov no muaj nuj nqi yog muab los ntawm kev sib cuag intercellular. Qhov thaiv yog tsim nyog los cais cov txiv neej cov qe ntshav los ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov phev antigens rau hauv plasma. Vim qhov no, nws txo qisKev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob autoimmune.
- YEndocrine muaj nuj nqi. Sertoli hlwb koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones kev sib deev.
Sustentocytes yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb uas cov spermatozoa nyiam tsim. Nws paub tias cov ionic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Sertoli hlwb txawv ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Cov sodium concentration hauv lawv yog qis dua, thiab cov ntsiab lus potassium, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg tau tsim nyob rau hauv Sertoli hlwb. Ntawm lawv yog prostaglandins, cytokines, follistatin, kev loj hlob thiab kev faib ua feem, opioids, thiab lwm yam.
Kev ua haujlwm thiab qauv ntawm Leydig cells
Leydig hlwb yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg interstitial ntawm testis. Lawv qhov loj me yog li 20 µm. Muaj ntau tshaj 200106 Leydig hlwb hauv cov txiv neej gonads. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog ib qho loj oval-zoo li tus nucleus thiab ib tug foamy cytoplasm. Nws muaj vacuoles uas muaj cov protein lipofuscin. Nws yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm cov rog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm synthesis ntawm steroid hormones. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cytoplasm muaj 1 lossis 2 nucleoli uas muaj RNA thiab cov protein. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Leydig hlwb yog tsim cov testosterone. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm activin. Cov tshuaj no txhawb kev tsim cov FSH hauv lub hlwb.
Sertoli Cell Syndrome yog dab tsi?
Ib qho ntawm cov kab mob tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov txiv neej kev ua me nyuam yog Sertoli cell syndrome. Infertility yog suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab tshwm sim ntawm no pathology. Tus kab mob hais txog congenital anomalies ntawm kev loj hlob, txij li thaum nrog nwsmuaj aplasia (txo tseem ceeb lossis tsis muaj) ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm cov noob qes. Raws li qhov ua txhaum cai no, cov tubules seminiferous tsis tsim. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb uas tsis puas yog Sertoli cell. Lwm lub npe rau cov kab mob no yog del Castillo syndrome. Qee lub hlwb Sertoli tseem raug degeneration, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog qhov qub. Txawm li cas los xij, tubular epithelium yog atrophied. Spermatozoa nyob rau hauv no pathology tsis tsim.
Leydig cell dysfunction
Thaum Leydig hlwb puas lawm, lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, kev sib txuas ntawm testosterone, cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, cov tsos mob xws li:
- Cov leeg nqaij loj.
- Tsis muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib deev (txiv neej qauv plaub hau, suab timbre).
- Libido teeb meem.
- Txo cov pob txha density.
