Feces muaj dej, digested thiab undigested zaub mov residues, kab mob, desquamated epithelium. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov quav yog nyob los ntawm detritus los ntawm cov khoom noj, puas hlwb ntawm txoj hnyuv epithelium thiab cov kab mob. Feem ntau muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm excrement nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog cov nqaij ntshiv uas tsis tau noj, fatty acids, rog, hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Kev hloov hauv cov quav qhia txog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub plab zom mov. Kev soj ntsuam Fecal yog ua los txheeb xyuas lossis paub meej cov kab mob ntawm cov kabmob no, nws tseem tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob.
Thaum kev tshuaj ntsuam raug txiav txim
Kev tshuaj ntsuam Fecal raug sau tseg thaum kuaj cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov. Nws nthuav tawm:
- mob plab ua haujlwm: kev sib txuas ntawm hydrochloric acid thiab enzymes;
- ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm enzymatic ntawm pancreas, hnyuv;
- ua txhaum ntau lub siab ua haujlwm;
- malabsorption hauv cov hnyuv;
- mob hauv plab hnyuv;
- malignant neoplasms ntawm lub qhov quav;
- defeat by helminths thiab protozoa.
Yuav ua li cas kuaj quav
Peev rau hauv chav dej ua ntej coj mus kuaj. Cov quav yog sau los ntawm lub nkoj los yog lub lauj kaub. Lub thawv yog pre-kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, ntxuav nrog dej ntws thiab rinsed nrog boiling dej. Los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov quav, cov qauv yog coj los siv ib rab diav tshwj xeeb-spatula, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub thawv pov tseg. Cov qauv yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm lub ntim ntawm lub ntim. Tsis txhob kov rab diav, sab hauv lub hau thiab lub thawv.
Feces yog sau tom qab spontaneous defecation. Tsis tso cai:
- siv enemas, laxatives, suppositories;
- siv cov dyes - hlau, barium, bismuth.
Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb xav tau kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb.
Lub chaw kuaj mob ua cov tshuaj macroscopic, tshuaj thiab microscopic tsom xam ntawm biomaterial.
Kev tshawb fawb macroscopic
Tus kws kho mob soj ntsuam cov quav thiab cov duab (raws li tus neeg mob), sib xws, xim, tsw.
| Kev tshuaj ntsuam macroscopic ntawm cov quav | |
| Quantity | |
| 100-200g | Norma |
| Txuag | Predominance proteins in the diet, cem quav, spastic colitis |
| Kev nyiam ntawm tus txiav, kev zom zaub mov tsis txaus hauv txoj hnyuv (dyspepsia, o), colitis nrog raws plab, nrawm nrawmKev khiav tawm | |
| Kev sib haum xeeb | |
| Dense, dai kom zoo nkauj | Norm, digestive disorders hauv plab |
| Mazevidny | Impaired secretion ntawm pancreatic gland - mob pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, cystic fibrosis |
|
Kev zom zaub mov tsis txaus hauv cov hnyuv - enteritis, tsis muaj kua tsib, nrawm khiav Colonic lesion - ulcerative colitis, putrefactive colitis (tso dej nqus) |
|
| Pushy | Fermentative dyspepsia, colitis, chronic enterocolitis, ua kom ceev cov quav tawm ntawm txoj hnyuv |
| Y Fermentative colitis, dysbacteriosis | |
| Crinkly dai kom zoo nkauj tsis muaj xim | tsis muaj kua tsib - cholelithiasis |
| pob loj, quav tawv ib zaug ob peb hnub | Kev cem quav |
| me me, puag ncig-" yaj" quav | Spastic colitis |
| Ribbon-puab, mem-puab | Hemorrhoids, rectal sphincter spasm, qhov quav fissure, qhov quav o |
| xim | |
| Brown | Norma |
| Black | Ntshav plab, plab hnyuv loj |
| Dub xim av | teeb meem digestion hauv plab, putrefactive dyspepsia, colitis nrog cem quav, nce secretory function ntawm txoj hnyuv loj |
| Lub teeb xim av | Accelerated passage of chymehauv plab |
| Redish | Ulcerations (cov ntshav tshiab) |
| Yellow | Kev zom zaub mov tsis txaus hauv cov hnyuv me, fermentative dyspepsia, ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov hnyuv |
| Grey, daj daj | Pancreatic insufficiency |
| White | Bilestone blockage |
| Small | |
| Nco | Kev cem quav |
| Ntxhais | teeb meem digestion hauv plab, putrefactive dyspepsia, ulcerative colitis |
| Smelly (rancid butter) | Impaired secretion ntawm pancreatic lipase, tsis muaj cov kua tsib (rog yog decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob) |
| Sour | Cov txheej txheem fermentation hauv cov hnyuv loj (cov kua qaub tsis haum yog tsim), ua tsis tiav ntawm kev nqus cov roj fatty acids hauv cov hnyuv me - enteritis, nrawm nrawm ntawm cov zaub mov sib cais |
| Fecal reaction | |
| Neutral lossis me ntsis alkaline (pH 6.8-7.6) | Norma |
| Alkaline (pH 8.0-8.5) | Kev tsis txaus ntawm lub plab (tsis muaj hydrochloric acid) lossis cov hnyuv me (rotting proteins ua rau tsim cov tshuaj alkaline xws li ammonia) |
| High alkaline (pH siab dua 8.5) | YPutrid dyspepsia nrog colitis |
| Sour (pH 5.5-6.7) | Pathology ntawm fatty acid absorption |
| Highly acidic (pH qis dua 5.5) | Fermentative dyspepsia (tsim cov carbon dioxide thiab volatile acids) |
Tshuaj tshawb fawb ntawm quav
Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev nthuav qhia siv cov ntawv xeem. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov quav muaj xws li kuaj pom cov protein, occult ntshav, bilirubin, stercobilin thiab tsim pH.
Tsis muaj protein ntau hauv cov quav ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv. Kev kuaj pom ntawm cov khoom no qhia tias mob, los ntshav, lossis muaj cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj protein ntau hauv cov quav. Kev kuaj pom muaj protein zoo qhia tau tias muaj qhov mob:
- plab (mob qog noj ntshav, mob plab, gastritis);
- plab hnyuv (duodenitis, enteritis, rwj, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob celiac);
- colon (colitis, polyps, mob qog noj ntshav, siab secretory function, dysbacteriosis);
- Ycolon (proctitis, cancer, hemorrhoids, fissure).
ntshav hauv quav
Kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb:
- Ib lub lis piam ua ntej kev kuaj ntshav fecal occult, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov hlau, vitamin C, cov tshuaj uas tsis yog steroidal anti-inflammatory (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Aspirin);
- tshem tawm cov zaub mov muaj hlau rau peb hnub - daim siab, nqaij, ntses, thiab zaub ntsuab;
- tshem tawm cov zaub mov xim xim rau ob hnub - beets, blueberries, pomegranate;
- tshem tawm cov ntshav tawm ntawm qhov ncauj - tshem tawm cov hniav, ntshav ntswg; rau cov pos hniav los ntshav, hloov txhuam nrog yaug.
Ntshav hauv cov quav tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev pomkev soj ntsuam, kuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab ntsuas qhov ntsuas, lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Txhawm rau kuaj ntshav occult, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo yog nqa tawm rau hemoglobin, uas tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv nws. Feem ntau, tsis muaj hemoglobin hauv cov quav.
Kev kuaj quav los kuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas no yog sau los kuaj xyuas cov ntshav hauv plab hnyuv.
Kev kuaj pom pom lossis pom ntshav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob:
- hemorrhoids hauv qhov quav, dilated veins ntawm txoj hlab pas, plab, hnyuv;
- plab lossis plab hnyuv, mob hnyav lossis mob ntev ntawm lub plab zom mov;
- polyps hauv plab hnyuv;
- malignant hlav hauv plab hnyuv;
- dilated veins hauv siab cirrhosis;
- plab hnyuv tuberculosis;
- helminths uas ua rau lub plab hnyuv puas;
- hemorrhoidal diathesis.
Kev kuaj ntshav yog ib qho mob hnyav uas yuav tsum tau kho mob.
Stercobilin, bilirubin
Stercobilin yog tsim los ntawm cov kua tsib bilirubin hauv txoj hnyuv loj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm microflora. Cov tshuaj muab cov quav ua xim av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tag nrho blockage ntawm cov kua tsib, nws tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv cov quav, thiab cov quav yuav tsis muaj xim.
Bilirubin muaj nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm cov menyuam mos uas pub niam mis mus txog rau lub hlis thib peb ntawm lub neej, thaum lub plab hnyuv microflora tsuas yog muaj nyob. Thaum lub hli 9, biocenosis ntawm txoj hnyuv loj yog tsim thiab siv tag nrho bilirubin. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog no, lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv cov quav qhia ib tug pathology: dysbacteriosis los yog sai sai ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm lub plab.plab.
Kev kuaj pom ntawm ob qho tib si stercobilin thiab bilirubin hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav pom tau tias cov kab mob pathogenic tau colonized cov hnyuv loj thiab hloov cov nroj tsuag ib txwm muaj.
Kev kuaj mob microscopic ntawm cov quav
Nco tseg ntawm cov quav quav emulsion yog stained nrog cov reagents sib txawv thiab tshuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab ntsuas. Qhov no yog li cas cov zaub mov seem tau pom. Lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntau yog nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov thiab kev noj zaub mov, yog li ua ntej kuaj, tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom tus neeg mob ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo uas tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov nqaij lossis zaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj kev kho cua sov txaus.
Leukocytes tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov quav ntawm cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, lawv tuaj yeem pom muaj tsawg kawg nkaus hauv cov menyuam mos. Kev kuaj pom ntawm leukocytes qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv txoj hnyuv los yog qhov lwj ntawm cov qog.
Ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas microscopic, kev kuaj pom cov qe ntawm helminths thiab protozoa yog qhov zoo. Lawv tsis nyob hauv cov quav ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv, tso cai me me ntawm cov poov xab.
Kev kawm ntawm quav rau helminths thiab protozoa
Yog tias muaj cov cim qhia ntawm ib tus neeg raug cuam tshuam los ntawm helminths lossis protozoa, kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov quav yog muab los txheeb xyuas lawv, uas yog qhov nyuaj dua. Qee hom kab mob tsuas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov quav sov - tsis pub dhau 20 feeb tom qab tso quav tso.
Nrog ib qho kev tshawb fawb, tsis tshua pom cov kab mob helminths. Yog li ntawd, kev tsom xam cov quav rau cov qe qerov ua dua ob zaug ntxiv nrog rau lub sijhawm ib- thiab ob lub lis piam. Yog tias helminthiasis tau tsim thiab kho tau raug kho, kev tshuaj xyuas tswj tau ua tiav ib hlis tom qab pib kho.
Pinworm qe tsis pom nyob rau hauv quav. Yuav kom kuaj tau lawv, lawv muab cov tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov quav.
Kev tshawb nrhiav quav rau dysbacteriosis
Kev tshuaj xyuas microbiological ntawm cov quav tso cai rau koj los tsim kev ua txhaum ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, nrog rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob sib kis.
Feces rau dysbacteriosis yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tom qab noj tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev tso quav tso rau ntawm qhov quav yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej kuaj. Sau cov quav rau hauv cov raj uas tsis muaj menyuam tshwj xeeb.
Tib neeg txoj hnyuv yog colonized los ntawm microflora thaum yau. Txhua tus neeg muaj qhov sib txawv zoo thiab ntau txheej ntawm cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog 500 hom kab mob sib txawv nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj. Ib tug me me ntawm hom yog nyob ruaj khov rau tus tswv tsev, lawv yeej muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv ua haujlwm ntau heev. Cov microflora ib txwm yuav tsum muaj xws li bifidobacteria, eubacteria, lactobacilli. Cov kab mob ib ntus muaj nyob hauv cov hnyuv - lawv muaj tsawg, tab sis lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ntau haiv neeg, cov kab mob tuaj yeem pom ntawm lawv.
Kev noj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev noj zaub mov tsis raug raws li qee qhov xwm txheej cuam tshuam qhov sib npaug ntawm cov microflora, uas yog fraught nrog cov tsos mob ntawm pathologies. Clinical manifestations ntawm dysbacteriosis yog qhov muag plooj thiab tsis meej. Yog li, qhov kev kuaj mob tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam fecal raudysbacteriosis. Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav uas yuav tsum tau kho. Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov kab mob yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus.
Kev ntsuas cov quav tsis hloov mus rau tus kws kho mob. Xaiv tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog, tsis txhob kho tus kheej.
