Sodium valproate: daim ntawv qhia, cov lus qhia, tso tawm daim ntawv, txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim, mis

Cov txheej txheem:

Sodium valproate: daim ntawv qhia, cov lus qhia, tso tawm daim ntawv, txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim, mis
Sodium valproate: daim ntawv qhia, cov lus qhia, tso tawm daim ntawv, txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim, mis

Video: Sodium valproate: daim ntawv qhia, cov lus qhia, tso tawm daim ntawv, txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim, mis

Video: Sodium valproate: daim ntawv qhia, cov lus qhia, tso tawm daim ntawv, txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim, mis
Video: Dais thiab nab qa sib xeem tsheb kauj vab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Txhua yam teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv tus kheej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov teeb meem zoo li no, ntau cov tshuaj tau tsim nrog ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam lub hlwb. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Sodium Valproate.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab tso tawm daim ntawv

Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj - sodium ntsev ntawm valproic acid - yog cov hmoov crystalline zoo ntawm cov xim dawb, tsis muaj ntxhiab. Qhov no yog daim ntawv tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj "Sodium valproate". Formula - С8Н15NAO2. Yooj yim soluble hauv cawv thiab dej.

valproic acid sodium valproate hmoov
valproic acid sodium valproate hmoov

Nws yog muab rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab cov hnab yas ob txheej. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau ntim hauv ib pob yog 0.5 kg. Tom ntej: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 65 kg.

Pharmacodynamics

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj "Sodium valproate". Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog suav tias yog raws li kev nce qib ntawm GABA (ib qho amino acid, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws inhibitory.neurotransmitter ntawm tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj) nyob rau hauv lub CNS los ntawm inhibiting GABA transaminase thiab txo cov reuptake ntawm no tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, pom tseeb, yog qhov txo qis hauv qhov excitability thiab predisposition ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub hlwb mus rau kev txhim kho ntawm qaug dab peg.

Sodium valproate hmoov
Sodium valproate hmoov

Sodium valproate tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, txo qhov kev ntshai, txhim kho lub siab ntawm cov neeg mob, lawv lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua kom pom cov nyhuv antiarrhythmic. Cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qhov tsis tuaj yeem (cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob vwm, ib yam ntawm cov mob qaug dab peg) thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev loj hlob ntawm psychomotor qaug dab peg.

Tshuaj sphere of influence

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj "Sodium valproate" cov lus qhia rau kev siv tswj kev qaug dab peg, ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv ntawm monotherapy thiab hauv kev xaiv kev kho mob ua ke. Cov tshuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm generalized qaug dab peg (polymorphic, convulsive loj, thiab lwm yam), ib nrab thiab focal (mob, psychomotor, thiab lwm yam). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg rau convulsive syndrome, uas feem ntau nrog cov kab mob organic ntawm tib neeg lub paj hlwb, kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, raws li txoj cai, mus koom tes nrog kev qaug dab peg, nrog febrile convulsions thiab nervous tics hauv cov neeg mob me.

Sodium valproate cov lus qhia pom zoo rau kev nkag mus rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev nyuaj siab los ntawm manic-depressive psychosis nrogchav kawm bipolar nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tus kab mob no kho tsis tau nrog lithium thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

leej twg yog tshuaj contraindicated rau?

Cov tshuaj nyuaj xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj qee cov npe ntawm contraindications rau lawv siv. Koj tsis tuaj yeem noj cov tshuaj rau cov neeg mob siab rau cov khoom xws li valproic acid (sodium valproate, qhov tseeb, muaj nws cov ntsev ntsev). Yog vim li cas tsis kam siv yog qhov muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub siab thiab / lossis txiav txiav hauv cov neeg mob. Cais, nws tsim nyog hais txog kab mob siab rau cov kab mob no (txhua daim ntawv - mob, mob ntev, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam, suav nrog hauv anamnesis ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg).

sodium valproate tshuaj
sodium valproate tshuaj

Tsis txhob sau cov tshuaj no rau hemorrhagic diathesis, porphyria (nyob rau hauv yuav luag 99% ntawm cov neeg mob, ib qho kev txawv txav, tshwm sim hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm cov pigment metabolism nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm porphyrins hauv cov ntshav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg).

Sodium valproate thiab cev xeeb tub

Kev siv tshuaj hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub yog contraindicated. Hauv peb lub hlis thib ob thiab thib peb, tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv rau kev yuav tshuaj sodium valproate tsuas yog tias qhov kev xav tau rau leej niam tshaj qhov muaj feem pheej hmoo rau tus menyuam.

sodium valproate cov lus qhia rau kev siv
sodium valproate cov lus qhia rau kev siv

Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau ceeb toom tias valproic acid tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kev tsis haum xeeb ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no raug tso tawm hauv cov kua mis (cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10% ntawm cov nyiaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv niam cov ntshav plasma). Yog li ntawd, kev pub niam mis thaum kho nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj valproic acid tso cai tsuas yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

Raws li kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb rau cov poj niam ntawm lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam, yuav muaj kev siv cov cuab yeej txhim khu kev qha lossis txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tsis xav tau

Rau cov neeg mob tau txais kev kho mob nrog sodium valproate, cov lus qhia rau kev siv muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm ntau lub cev thiab lub cev.

Muaj peev xwm CNS cov tshuaj tiv thaiv suav nrog kev tshee, kev xav hloov pauv, hloov pauv tus cwj pwm, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsaug zog, kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau, chim siab, tsis xis nyob thiab arousal txawv txav.

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm txoj hnyuv - tsis qab los noj mov, dyspepsia, xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab, mob me me hauv cov hnyuv lossis plab. Nws tsis tshua hnov txog cem quav lossis mob pancreatitis. Hauv cov poj niam, kev coj khaub ncaws tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua tau. Feem ntau muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov hnyav hauv ib qho kev coj lossis lwm qhov. Lub coagulation system yuav teb nrog thrombocytopenia, nce lub sij hawm nws yuav siv sij hawm kom txhob los ntshav. Muaj peev xwm dermatological abnormalities nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm alopecia (pathological plaub hau poob), allergic - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pob liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Drug regimen

Cov tshuaj noj rau txhua tus neeg mob yog nruj me ntsis rau tus kheej."Sodium valproate", daim ntawv tso tawm uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov, yog tshuaj nyob ntawm seb lub cev qhov hnyav. Thawj koob tshuaj rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus uas hnyav tshaj 25 kg yog 10-15 mg ib kilogram ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav (hnub ntim). Yog tias tsis muaj kev phiv tshwm sim, maj mam (txhua 3-4 hnub) cov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm 200 mg / hnub. kom txog thaum tau txais txiaj ntsig pom zoo. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov koob tshuaj txhua hnub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 30 mg / kg.

Tshuaj kho mob - 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub nrog zaub mov.

Nws kuj tau xyaum los sau tshuaj sodium valproate hauv cov hlab ntsha (qhov tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj yog 400-800 mg) lossis drip (25 mg / kg dhau lub sijhawm 24, 36, 48 teev).

sodium valproate tso tawm daim ntawv
sodium valproate tso tawm daim ntawv

Qhov siab tshaj plaws tau koob tshuaj rau kev kho mob rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus lub cev hnyav dua 25 kg yog 50 mg / kg ib hnub. Yog tias vim qee yam nws yuav tsum tau nce nws (qhov koob tshuaj), kev saib xyuas cov concentration ntawm valproate hauv cov ntshav plasma yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no ntau dua 200 mg / l, qhov koob tshuaj yuav tsum raug txo.

Nyob zoo

Yog tias, vim li cas, qhov kev tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj "Sodium valproate" tau dhau lawm (cov tshuaj hauv Latin tsis tuaj yeem siv tau rau txhua tus neeg mob), muaj cov tsos mob tsis pom tseeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog cuam tshuam kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav thiab sib npaug, lethargy, myasthenia gravis (pathologically fatigued), hyporeflexia, nystagmus (tsis yeem hloov pauv ntawm lub qhov muag nrog lub siab zaus),miosis (cov menyuam kawm ntawv constriction), lub plawv thaiv, coma.

Kev kho mob yog nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob thiab muaj cov plab hnyuv (nws yuav ua tau zoo yog tias noj nkag mus tsis pub dhau 10-12 teev), muab osmotic diuresis (cov zis ntau ntau nrog cov ntshav siab osmotic. Cheebtsam) thiab txhawb cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev. Hemodialysis yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Kev sib tham nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Thaum siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws, tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, MAO inhibitors, ntau yam derivatives ntawm ethanol thiab sodium benzodiazepine, valproate yuav ua rau kom cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Kev siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov tshuaj hepatotoxic, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulants tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj no.

Kev siv sib xyaw ntawm valproic acid thiab phenobarbital yuav ua rau kev hloov pauv tom kawg los ntawm nws cov koom haum nrog cov ntshav plasma protein. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov nce hauv nws (phenobarbital) concentration hauv cov ntshav plasma.

sodium valproate kev qhia
sodium valproate kev qhia

Feem ntau, sodium valproate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov tshuaj, yog li tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau ceeb toom txog qhov ua tau (lossis tsis tuaj yeem lees txais) sib npaug ntawm nws nrog lwm cov tshuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Nrog kev ceev faj, cov tshuaj tau muab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab txiav txiav (los yog muaj keeb kwm ntawm lawv), cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos (qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim hepatotoxicity yog siab tshaj, tab sis nrogtxo qis nrog hnub nyoog). Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm lub siab nce nrog kev kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw.

Cov neeg mob noj "Sodium Valproate" thiab muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv. Cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, kev txawv txav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum, hypoproteinemia kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo loj heev rau kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis zoo.

Thaum thawj rau lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob nrog sodium valproate, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm cov ntshav coagulation system, lub siab ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntshav peripheral.

Hauv cov tib neeg noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kev kho sodium valproate yuav tsum tau pib maj mam kom cov koob tshuaj tau zoo tom qab kwv yees li 12-14 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem yuav tsum tau maj mam tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yav dhau los. Yog tias cov tshuaj no tsis tau siv yav dhau los los ntawm tus neeg mob, ces koob tshuaj kom tau txais kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua tiav hauv ib lub lis piam.

Tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum tsav tsheb thiab ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev mloog zoo thiab kev kub siab ntawm kev xav ntawm psychomotor.

Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj…

Lub hauv paus rau kev pib siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (sodium valproate tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb) yog daim ntawv tshuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Sodium valproate daim ntawv qhia hauv Latin
Sodium valproate daim ntawv qhia hauv Latin

tus neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv nkaus xwbmuaj peev xwm ntsuas txhua yam thiab txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob nrog kev siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Kev tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm cov tshuaj loj no yog fraught nrog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv - mus txog coma thiab tuag.

Pom zoo: