Meningitis yog ib yam mob hnyav uas tsis tas yuav kis tau. Lub essence ntawm tus kab mob yog nyob rau hauv inflammatory kev hloov nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab qaum qaum. Ib tug neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev qaug dab peg, mob taub hau hnyav, nrog rau cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog nce intracranial siab thiab cerebral edema. Yog tias qhov mob tsis zoo tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau daim nyias nyias, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb, ces tus kab mob no hu ua "encephalitis" lossis "meningoencephalitis".
Meningitis yog ib yam kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib qho kev kuaj mob kom raug tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lumbar puncture (lumbar puncture); lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum txoj kev cawm seej ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ntawm seb nws nrhiav kev pab sai npaum li cas yog tsis qhia. Qee qhov pom kev hloov pauv ntawm lub khoos phis tawj lossis magnetic resonance tomogram yuav pom tsuas yog tom qab 2 lub lis piam txij li qhov pib muaj tus kabmob; Ib qho ultrasound lossis X-ray tsis tuaj yeem pom tus mob meningitis txhua.
hom kab mob meningitis yog dab tsi?
Raws li hom kab mob uas ua rau tus kab mob, mob meningitis tuaj yeem yog kab mob, kab mob, fungal.los yog tshwm sim los ntawm protozoa. Los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm inflammatory kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cerebrospinal kua - serous thiab purulent. Ntxiv mus, qhov ua rau purulent meningitis nyob rau hauv yuav luag 100% ntawm cov neeg mob yog ib tug kab mob uas muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv lub cellular teeb meem uas tiv thaiv lub hlwb. Cov kab mob meningitis tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob (muaj coob tus ntawm lawv, suav nrog kab mob varicella, rubella thiab qhua pias), thiab qee cov kab mob (leptospira, Koch's bacillus), thiab fungi.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kab mob microbe ua rau tus kab mob, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm purulent meningitis, tau txais tom qab 3-5 hnub los ntawm bacteriological seeding ntawm cerebrospinal kua ntawm nutrient media, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm serous meningitis, nws. siv sijhawm ntev dua. Tab sis cov neeg uas muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws - tus kab mob Epstein-Barr, tus kab mob herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (kev kho tshwj xeeb tau tsim los tawm tsam lawv) - tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm PCR hauv 2 hnub.
Meningitis tshwm sim li cas?
Txawm hais tias tus mob meningitis yog serous lossis purulent, cov tsos mob yog:
- mob taub hau nyob rau hauv parietal los yog lwm qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub taub hau, aggravated nyob rau hauv ib tug upright txoj hauj lwm, thaum tig thiab tilting lub taub hau, suab nrov thiab kaj; Nws raug tshem tawm tsis zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob;
- nce lub cev kub;
- nws yooj yim dua rau tus neeg pw, feem ntau nws nqa ib sab ntawm nws lub hauv caug rub rau hauv siab;
- xeev siab, ntuav, uas tsis nyob ntawm kev noj zaub mov, thaum ntuav tuaj yeemmuaj ob qho khoom noj noj hnub ua ntej thiab cov kua tsib ntxiv, thiab yog tias mob meningitis tshwm sim los ntawm meningococcus, ntuav yuav muaj cov ntshav xim av. Nws tsis zoo tom qab ntuav;
- qhov muag tsis pom kev thaum ntsia lub teeb ci;
- qaug zog, tsaug zog;
- qhov tsis tuaj yeem pw kom tau lub puab tsaig mus rau lub sternum (tib lub sijhawm, nws feem ntau kuj rub rov qab ntau heev);
- kov daim tawv nqaij muaj zog ntau zaus thiab ua rau tsis xis nyob;
- convulsions nrog tsis nco qab tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub cev kub siab (tab sis hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoos, kev nqhis dej tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov kub tsis siab tshaj 38.5 yuav qhia tau tias muaj kab mob, vim tias lawv tshwm sim ntawm ib qho kub dua, ces qhov no tsis tsim nyog meningitis, qhov no tsuas yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm immaturity ntawm lub paj hlwb);
- pob khaus ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej uas tsis khaus thiab tawm tsam tom qab ntawm lub cev hnyav.
Cov tsos mob no nrog cov kab mob purulent meningitis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, lossis tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev kho mob tsis txaus (lossis tsis kam kho) otitis, sinusitis, kua ntswg nrog kev tso tawm ntawm purulent mucus, frontal sinusitis. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob serous meningitis yog tib yam, tsuas yog lawv feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab ib tug neeg yws ntawm mob caj pas, los ntswg, khawb caj pas, hnoos me ntsis, raws plab me me, conjunctivitis rau qee lub sij hawm.
