Coprogram: stercobilin hauv quav

Cov txheej txheem:

Coprogram: stercobilin hauv quav
Coprogram: stercobilin hauv quav

Video: Coprogram: stercobilin hauv quav

Video: Coprogram: stercobilin hauv quav
Video: Nyiam neeg Zoo Li Cas By Leekong Xiong/Tsim Nuj lauj/Paj Nqeeb Laim 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Fecal quav, zoo li tso zis, yog qhov kawg ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Lawv raug tsim nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv loj raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem biochemical. Lawv suav nrog dej, cov khoom noj uas tsis tau noj, cov khoom siv metabolic, cov kab mob thiab lwm yam.

Tsis txhob kwv yees qhov kev soj ntsuam cov quav (lwm yam - coprogram). Qee zaum txoj kev tshawb no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv, daim siab pathology, pancreatitis ntawm tus neeg. Tab sis feem ntau, nws tau ua tsis tau tsuas yog kuaj kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj tswj kev kho mob.

Cia saib lub ntsiab lus no kom ntxaws thiab txhais tau tias: stercobilin hauv quav yog qhov zoo - nws yog dab tsi?

stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav
stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav

Basic concepts

Coprogram, lossis kev tsom xam fecal, yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov nrog cov ntsuas loj. Nws pom cov kab mob ntawm lub plab, siab, cov hnyuv me thiab loj, gallbladder, pancreas, thiab tseem tso cai rau koj ua raws li kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm.

Vim qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm coprogram koj tuaj yeem:

-Kawm txog lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov quav. Cov no yog xim, sib xws, stercobilin nyob rau hauv quav (koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai ntawm qhov zoo tshwm sim, vim hais tias nws yog ib txwm), thiab lwm yam.

- Ua microscopy ntawm cov khoom.

- Qhia cov qe helminth.

- Tshawb pom cov ntshav zais zais.

- Ua kev tshawb fawb bacteriological (nrhiav cov kab mob kab mob, tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau stercobilin thiab plab hnyuv microflora).

Plaub kauj ruam ntawm kev tsom xam fecal

Coprogram muaj ob peb theem:

1. Kev kawm txog lub cev lub cev ntawm cov quav. Thaum nws ua tiav, qhov pom ntawm cov quav tau txiav txim siab: xim, duab, kev ntxhib los mos, tsw, muaj cov kab mob pathological thiab impurities, kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom noj tsis zoo, kab mob cab.

2. Kev kuaj tshuaj muaj xws li kev txheeb xyuas ntau qhov ntsuas (ntshav hauv cov quav (uas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab), bilirubin, stercobilin hauv cov quav thiab lwm yam tshuaj).

stercobilin nyob rau hauv quav yog qhov zoo nws yog dab tsi
stercobilin nyob rau hauv quav yog qhov zoo nws yog dab tsi

3. Kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic yog siv los ntsuas qhov ntsuas kev zom zaub mov, muaj cov kab mob cab thiab cov poov xab.

4. Kev tshuaj xyuas kab mob, raws li txoj cai, yog ua los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj dysbacteriosis, microflora tsis zoo thiab cov kab mob pathogenic.

Yuav ua li cas npaj rau kev kuaj quav?

Yuav kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig tseeb dua 3 hnub ua ntej kev xeem, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ob peb txoj cai.

Ua ntej, nws yog txwv tsis pub ua kom huv si. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob noj tshuaj (laxatives lossisantidiarrheals) uas cuam tshuam rau txoj hnyuv.

Thib ob, tsis txhob tso cov tshuaj suppositories rau hauv qhov quav lossis lwm yam tshuaj zoo sib xws.

Thib peb, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj uas hloov cov quav.

Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov kws kho mob pom zoo tias ua ntej kuaj cov quav (ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin), ua raws li qee yam kev noj haus. Ob hom tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj no:

- Pevzner's diet. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog thauj tib neeg lub cev kom ntau li ntau tau. Nyob rau hauv ib hnub, koj yuav tsum noj 400 g ntawm qhob cij dawb, 250 g ntawm kib nqaij, 100 g ntawm butter, 40 g suab thaj, buckwheat los yog mov porridge, kib qos yaj ywm, lettuce, sauerkraut, compote thiab txiv apples. Cov ntsiab lus calorie yog siab heev - 3250 kcal. Yog tias koj xaiv cov zaub mov no, nco ntsoov xav txog lub xeev ntawm koj lub plab zom mov. Nws yuav pom txawm tias me me ntawm kev zom zaub mov;

fecal tsom xam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin zoo
fecal tsom xam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin zoo

- Schmidt noj. Cov khoom noj niaj hnub no suav nrog 1-1.5 liters ntawm mis nyuj, 2-3 lub qe boiled, qhob cij dawb thiab butter, 125 grams ntawm minced nqaij, 200 grams ntawm qos yaj ywm mashed, 40 grams boiled oatmeal. Cov ntsiab lus calorie txhua hnub - 2250 kcal. Khoom noj yuav tsum muab faib ua 5 pluas mov.

Npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav occult

Ua ntej kuaj cov quav rau cov ntshav occult, cov kws kho mob xav kom cov neeg mob noj cov zaub mov nram qab no: zaub ntsuab (dab, zaub qhwv, zucchini, kua txob ntsuab, zaub paj thiab lwm yam), nqaij, ntses, qe.

Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj,uas muaj hlau.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau ceev ceev ua ib coprogram thiab nrhiav seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav yuav ua li cas, los yog tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj saum toj no rau kev noj qab haus huv, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tsis txhob haus dej haus cawv. cawv thiab kas fes ib hnub ua ntej kawm.

txoj cai tseem ceeb rau kev sib sau lub rooj zaum

Rau kev tshawb fawb, koj yuav tsum noj cov quav thaum sawv ntxov xwb. Tom qab lub plab zom mov, tus neeg mob sau ib qho me me ntawm cov quav nrog ib rab diav ntoo lossis spatula thiab muab tso rau hauv lub thawv huv, ces kaw kom nruj. Txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj stercobilin hauv cov quav, 10-15 g ntawm cov quav txaus.

stercobilin hauv cov quav yog qhov zoo
stercobilin hauv cov quav yog qhov zoo

Muaj qee cov lus qhia rau kev khaws quav:

1. Ntxuav lub cev rov qab kom zoo ua ntej khaws cov quav.

2. Cov poj niam yuav tsum tsis txhob khaws cov quav thaum lub sij hawm lawv lub caij nyoog vim hais tias cov quav yuav tsum tsis muaj cov ntshav qab zib.

3. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua cov quav quav tom qab tau txais barium x-ray ntawm txoj hlab pas.

4. Tsis txhob khaws cov quav tom qab muab cov tshuaj suppositories thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau cov xim ntawm cov quav.

5. Nws tsis pom zoo kom sau tom qab enema thiab siv cov tshuaj laxative uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Tom qab sau cov quav, ntxuav koj txhais tes kom huv si nrog xab npum thiab muab cov phuam so qhuav!

Lwm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb

txhawm rau kuaj cov qe helminth, cov quav yuav tsum tshiab thiab khaws cia kom txog thaum xa mus rautsev kho mob hauv qhov chaw sov.

Rau kev kuaj kab mob bacteriological ntawm cov quav (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov stercobilin hauv cov quav ntawm tus menyuam), tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txais cov paj rwb tsis muaj menyuam hauv chav kuaj. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav ntxig lub raj rau hauv qhov quav.

txhawm rau ntes cov ntshav hauv cov quav, nqaij thiab cov tshuaj, nrog rau cov tshuaj ntsuab, yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm cov zaub mov noj rau 3 hnub ua ntej kev tsom xam. Hnub plaub, tus neeg mob sau cov quav thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj.

Yog hais tias cem quav hnyav, yuav tsum tau ua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj hnyuv loj. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis ua rau muaj dab tsi, cov kws kho mob ua ib qho enema thiab tsuas yog cov quav tawv rau kev kuaj.

Cov txiaj ntsig tshuaj ntsuam ib txwm. Stercobilin hauv quav yog qhov zoo - nws yog dab tsi?

Nthuav fecal kev ntxhib los mos thiab cylindrical zoo yog suav tias yog ib txwm. Cov xim yog xim av, tsis muaj caustic thiab teeb meem tsw. Kev kuaj pom pom yuav tsum tsis pub muaj cov khoom noj thiab cov kab mob phem.

Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic, quav yuav tsum tsis muaj cov qe ntshav, cov nqaij fibers ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, rog, starch, qe ntawm cov kab mob phem, cov poov xab thiab protozoa (amoebas, giardia).

Kev kuaj ntshav occult, protein, bilirubin feem ntau yuav tsum tsis zoo. Yog tias koj tau kuaj cov quav ib txwm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin yog qhov zoo, vim nws yog cov xim no uas muab cov xim xim av rau cov quav.

ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv

Cov ntsuas tseem ceeb uas tsis raug rau cov quav ib txwm:

1. Shapeless Cal.

2. nyuaj dhaufaeces.

3. Ntxim qab heev.

4. Lub xub ntiag ntawm pom lossis zais cov ntshav.

5. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau bilirubin.

6. Lub xub ntiag ntawm nqaij fibers.

7. Pom rog hauv quav.

8. Hloov cov xim (dub lossis dawb av nplaum), qhia tias stercobilin tsis nyob hauv cov quav.

9. Muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus.

10. Lub xub ntiag ntawm leukocytes (cov qe ntshav dawb).

11. Larvae thiab qe ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai.

12. Giardia thiab amoeba.

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm coprogram hauv tus menyuam

Kev txiav txim siab txog kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav ntawm cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kws kho menyuam yaus lossis kws kho mob plab menyuam. Hauv kev kawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov khoom noj. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos uas tseem tsis tau noj cov khoom noj muaj peev xwm muaj cov nqaij ntshiv thiab cov rog nyob hauv lawv cov quav.

Fecal tsom xam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin
Fecal tsom xam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau stercobilin

Yog tus menyuam tsis muaj lactase (ib qho enzyme uas ua rau cov piam thaj hauv mis - lactose), cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov quav.

Thaum muaj dysbacteriosis, kev tsom xam cov quav yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Kev tshuaj xyuas microbiological yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, coprogram qhia tias stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav yog qhov zoo lossis tsis zoo hauv tus menyuam, txawm tias cov hnyuv tau mob (cov qog thiab quav leukocytes pom hauv cov quav), txawm tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom thiab nqus cov carbohydrates, cov protein thiab cov rog cuam tshuam. (cov nqaij fibers, rog, starch muaj nyob rau hauv cov quav). Tom qab kev soj ntsuam, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias tus menyuam tau tsimdysbacteriosis.

Yog tus menyuam muaj kab mob siab, cov quav yuav greyish thiab zoo li av nplaum. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm tus menyuam mos (uas stains ib txwm quav quav xim av) thiab cov kua tsib tsis ntws mus rau hauv cov hnyuv.

Yog tias tus menyuam muaj tus mob pancreatitis ntev, qhov zaus ntawm nws lub plab zom mov hauv ib hnub yuav nce ntxiv, cov quav yuav tig grey. Qhov sib xws ntawm cov quav hauv pancreatitis yog pasty, tsw yog qaub. Cov nqaij fibers, rog, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov leukocytes loj tuaj yeem kuaj pom - tag nrho cov no yog cov cim ntawm kev mob hauv lub cev thiab tias tsis muaj stercobilin hauv cov quav.

Cov quav dub hauv menyuam yaus thiab muaj cov ntshav occult hauv nws - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob hauv plab.

Kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov quav hauv cov neeg laus

Nrog cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov nce ntawm cov quav thaum nruab hnub. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim vim cov txheej txheem pathological ua rau kev zom zaub mov tsis zoo thiab nqus cov zaub mov thiab dej hauv txoj hnyuv. Kev txo qis ntawm cov quav hauv ib hnub yog pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev cem quav ntev, xws li peptic ulcer. Cia peb xav txog ntau yam kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov quav, uas qhia txog cov tsos mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob:

1. Discoloration ntawm quav yog pom, raws li txoj cai, nrog cholestasis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, gallstones yog tsim, uas cuam tshuam lub outflow ntawm cov kua tsib rau hauv cov hnyuv. Jaundice tsim, cov quav poob xim, tau txais cov xim dawb. Hauv rooj plaub (peb tab tom tham txog kev kawm thaum nws txiav txim siabstercobilin hauv quav) ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, cov xim ntawm cov quav yuav xim av, thiab lub xeev ntawm lub cev yuav zoo li qub. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov quav tsis muaj xim nrog obstructive jaundice feem ntau ua ke nrog xeev siab, belching, kub taub hau. Yog tias quav dub, qhov no txhais tau tias tus neeg mob muaj mob plab. Qhov no yog vim lub rupture ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub rwj. Esophageal varices yog tshwm sim rau cov neeg mob cirrhosis.

stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm tus me nyuam
stercobilin nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm tus me nyuam

2. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov quav. Yog tias cov ntshav tshiab tau pom thaum kuaj pom, qhov no qhia pom cov kab mob xws li mob plab hnyuv, hemorrhoids, qhov quav fissures, dysentery.

3. Hloov cov quav tsw. Lub ntse, qaub, tsis kaj siab tsw ntawm quav yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cev, ib tug kos npe rau ntawm tus kab mob pancreatitis ntev thiab paub tseeb tias stercobilin tsis nyob rau hauv quav. Tus kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim cov kua txiv pancreatic tsis txaus, uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom cov carbohydrates, cov protein thiab cov rog hauv lub cev. Ib qho loj ntawm cov khoom noj uas tsis tau noj cov khoom khib nyiab ua rau muaj cov kab mob putrefactive, uas ua rau muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm quav.

4. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv cov quav qhia tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob atrophic gastritis, nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tsim nyob rau hauv lub plab. Nrog nws qhov tsis txaus, cov protein hauv cov hnyuv tsis tawg, tab sis tawm hauv lub cev nrog rau cov quav. Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob atrophic gastritis yog hnyav hauv plab tom qab noj mov,belching nrog ib tug putrid tsw. Cov kab mob pancreatitis ntev kuj ua rau pom cov protein hauv cov quav. Nws cov tsos mob yog tsam plab, mob tsis kaj siab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam epigastric los yog ib ncig ntawm lub plab, lub cev qis qis.

5. Cov ntshav zais hauv cov quav. Ntshav tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Cov kab mob microscopic no tsuas yog kuaj tau nrog kev kuaj ntshav occult tshwj xeeb. Nws tshwm sim nrog ulcers nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab o ntawm duodenum. Polyps ntawm lub plab los yog txoj hnyuv yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias, tsim ntawm polyps uas npog cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hnyuv los yog lub plab. Cov zaub mov dhau los ntawm lub plab zom mov ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj, uas ua rau pom cov ntshav me me uas nkag mus rau hauv cov quav. Helminthiasis los yog muaj cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv kuj ua rau pom cov ntshav occult hauv cov quav, vim cov kab mob ua rau puas tsuaj rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov hnyuv.

6. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau bilirubin. Bilirubin yog cov kua tsib xim, uas, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm microflora ntawm txoj hnyuv loj, hloov mus rau hauv stercobilin. Mob plab gastroenteritis thiab zaub mov lom ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom noj uas nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Bilirubin hauv cov kua tsib tsuas yog tsis muaj sijhawm txaus los hloov mus rau stercobilin hauv txoj hnyuv, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tsuas yog tso rau hauv cov quav. Thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau stercobilin hauv cov quav (qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov qauv) txhais tau tias txhua yam hauv lub cev yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.

7. Lub xub ntiag ntawm mucus nyob rau hauv cov quav. Mucus yog ib yam khoom zoo li jelly uas ua haujlwm zoo dua glide zaub mov. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ntes nrog lub qhov muag liab qab, vim nws yog sib npaug nrog cov quav. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hnoos qeev hauv cov quav qhia txog qhov mob ntawm txoj hnyuv, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob sib kis: kab mob dysentery thiab salmonellosis.

8. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov nqaij fibers hauv cov quav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob atrophic gastritis thiab mob pancreatitis.

9. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov rog hauv cov quav yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub txiav, uas tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb - lipase, uas zom cov rog hauv cov hnyuv.

10. Kev kuaj pom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus mob pancreatitis.

11. Muaj cov leukocytes hauv cov quav. Leukocytes, los yog cov qe ntshav dawb, yog tsim los tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. Yog tias lawv tshwm sim hauv cov quav, qhov no qhia tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv cov hnyuv.

Kev kuaj quav rau stercobilin
Kev kuaj quav rau stercobilin

12. Fecal parasites. Raws li txoj cai dav dav, tsis muaj kab mob yuav tsum tau pom ntawm kev kuaj quav. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qe, teeb meem cysts, helminth larvae tsis tuaj. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim yog qhov zoo, ces qee hom helminth tau pom hauv cov quav.

13. Cov tsos mob ntawm Giardia hauv cov quav. Giardia yog cov kab mob uas nyob hauv cov hnyuv. Kev kuaj pom tseeb ntawm giardiasis yog ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav tshwj xeeb. Cov tsos mob ntawm Giardia hauv lub cev yog nrog los ntawm qhov mob hnyav hauv plab.

Yog li, tam sim no peb paub tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov tuaj yeem raug txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas hu ua coprogram. Cov kws kho mob muaj zogNws raug pom zoo kom ua nws txhua 6 lub hlis txhawm rau taug qab cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv lub cev.

Pom zoo: