Lub lens yog lub cev pob tshab uas nyob hauv lub qhov muag ncaj qha rau ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov tseeb, nws yog lub lens lom neeg, ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub qhov muag apparatus lub luag hauj lwm rau lub teeb refraction. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog nws cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov teeb meem thiab cov kab mob uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog nws.
Sizes
Lub lens yog biconvex, elastic thiab pob tshab tsim uas txuas rau lub cev ciliary. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws qhov chaw tom qab yog nyob ib sab ntawm lub cev vitreous, thiab nyob rau sab nraud yog cov hauv qab thiab sab hauv, nrog rau cov iris.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub lens tsis tshaj tsib millimeters, thiab txoj kab uas hla nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum. Qhov tseem ceeb heev rau nws yog qhov refractive index, uas yog tsis tshua muaj inhomogeneous nyob rau hauv nws thickness, ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev pab. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws raug cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub cevyoog raws li kev hloov pauv sab nraud. Tib neeg lub cev muaj peev xwm tib yam.
Tib lub sijhawm, hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab, lub lens yog lub cev kheej kheej nrog lub softest zoo sib xws. Thaum lub sij hawm maturation, nws txoj kev loj hlob feem ntau tshwm sim vim qhov loj ntawm txoj kab uas hla.
Kev tsim kho
Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv ntawm lub lens. Cov no yog capsular epithelium, capsule thiab hauv av tshuaj.
A capsule yog ib qho elastic, nyias thiab tsis muaj cov khoom siv uas npog sab nraud ntawm lub lens. Nws zoo li lub plhaub pob tshab ntawm homogeneous hom, uas muaj peev xwm ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo, tiv thaiv lub lens nws tus kheej los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm pathological thiab teeb meem. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj ntsiav tau txuas nrog lub cev ciliary nrog kev pab los ntawm ciliary band.
Nws lub thickness ntawm tag nrho saum npoo tsis sib xws. Piv txwv li, pem hauv ntej yog tuab dua li lub nraub qaum. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau pem hauv ntej nto tsuas muaj ib txheej ntawm epithelial hlwb. Nws ncav cuag nws qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness nyob rau hauv lub anterior thiab posterior aav. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thickness yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub posterior ncej ntawm lub cev.
Epithelium
Nyob hauv cov qauv ntawm lub lens, lub epithelium txhais tau tias yog tiaj tus, ib txheej thiab tsis-keratinizing. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog cambial, trophic thiab barrier.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlwb epithelial uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lub hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm lub capsule, uas yog, ncaj qha opposite tus me nyuam kawm ntawv, kom ze li sai tau rau ib leeg. Kev faib mus rau hauv cov hlwb hauv qhov chaw no xyaum tsis tshwm sim.
Tsiv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab, ib tus tuaj yeem taug qab qhov txo qis ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov hlwb no, nrog rau kev nce hauv lawv cov kev ua haujlwm mitotic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij tau pom qhov nce me ntsis ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov hlwb. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub equator lub lens epithelium twb yog ib tug prismatic txheej ntawm cell. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev loj hlob cheeb tsam yog tsim. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov fibers pib tsim.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub lens
Feem ntau ntawm lub lens yog fibers. Lawv suav nrog cov hlwb epithelial, uas yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws. Ib qho fiber ntau zoo li hexagonal prism.
Cov khoom ntawm lub lens tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb hu ua crystallin. Nws yog pob tshab kiag li, zoo li tus so ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau lub teeb-refracting apparatus. Cov tshuaj no tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha. Lub denser ib feem ntawm lub lens, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, tsis muaj ib tug nucleus, thiab dua li, nws yog shortened.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus neeg hauv plab, lub lens tau txais cov khoom noj uas nws xav tau ncaj qha los ntawm cov hlab ntsha vitreous. Ces txhua yam tshwm sim txawv. Thaum ib tug neeg loj hlob tuaj, lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub lens thiab lub vitreous lub cev, nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm aqueous lom zem.
% muaj pes tsawg leeg
suav nrog, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias lub lens yog 62 feem pua dej, nws kuj muaj 35% cov proteins thiab txog li ob feem pua ntawm cov ntsev ntsev. Los ntawm noNws hloov tawm tias ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm nws qhov loj tag nrho yog cov proteins. Hauv cov ntsiab lus feem pua, muaj ntau dua li ntawm lwm yam kabmob hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov tseeb ntawm cov proteins nyob rau hauv lub lens uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov pob tshab zoo meej. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub hnub nyoog, ib txwm metabolism hauv lub qhov muag cuam tshuam. Uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov proteins thiab clouding ntawm pob tshab khoom ntawm lub lens. Peb yuav nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Functions
Ntau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub lens ntawm lub qhov muag ua rau nws tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg lub cev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws dhau los ua ib yam ntawm nruab nrab los ntawm qhov uas lub teeb rays tau unhindered nkag mus rau lub retina ntawm lub cev pom. Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb kis tau tus mob, uas tau lees paub los ntawm nws lub peev xwm tseem ceeb thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom pob tshab.
Lwm yam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Lub lens yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob tom qab lub cornea nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, kom deb li deb li sai tau mus refract rays. Lub lens muaj sia nyob no muaj peev xwm ncav cuag lub zog ntawm 19 diopters.
Thaum cuam tshuam nrog lub cev ciliary, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ua haujlwm thib peb ntawm lub lens, kev pabcuam, yog ua, uas tso cai rau nws hloov nws lub zog kho qhov muag kom zoo li ua tau. Vim nws elasticity, ib tug mechanism rau nws tus kheej-ntseeg ntawm cov duab tau txais yuav ua tau. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam dynamic.
Nrog kev pab ntawm lub lens, qhov muag tau muab faib ua ob ntu tsis sib xws. Qhov no yog ib tug loj rear thiab ib tug me me pem hauv ntej. Nws uaib hom kev thaiv lossis muab faib nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Qhov kev thaiv no zoo tiv thaiv cov qauv nyob hauv thaj av sab nrauv thaum lawv nyob hauv qhov muaj zog vitreous siab. Yog hais tias rau qee yam ntawm lub qhov muag tsis muaj lub lens, qhov no yog fraught nrog tu siab lub txim, txij li thaum lub vitreous tam sim ntawd txav mus rau pem hauv ntej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib raug zoo hauv qhov muag.
Teeb meem ntawm lub lens ploj
Yog tsis muaj lub lens, cov xwm txheej los xyuas kom cov tub ntxhais kawm hydrodynamics nyuaj. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob glaucoma thib ob.
Yog tias nws raug tshem tawm nrog rau cov tshuaj ntsiav, kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv thaj av tom qab vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub cev vitreous tau txais qee qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txav mus los, cais tawm ntawm tus ncej tom qab, pib ntaus cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov muag nrog txhua qhov txav ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam pathologies, xws li retinal detachment, retinal edema, rupture los yog hemorrhage.
Tsis tas li, lub lens ua haujlwm raws li lub ntuj thaiv rau cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem nkag mus ncaj qha rau hauv lub cev vitreous. Hauv qhov no, nws kuj ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov lens ntawm qhov muag ua thiab nws txhais li cas rau tib neeg lub cev.
Cataract
Cov kab mob tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog lub lens ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag yog cataract. Yog li hu ua tiav lossis ib nrab clouding ntawm lub lens. poobtransparency, nws tsis kis lub teeb. Lub zeem muag raug txo qis heev vim qhov tshwm sim. Muaj peev xwm ua rau tus neeg dig muag.
Cov neeg laus muaj kev pheej hmoo vim kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob cataracts. Hauv 90 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, cov neeg mob raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov teeb meem no vim muaj hnub nyoog. Hauv 4%, qhov ua rau raug mob, lwm 3% yog kab mob hauv lub cev thiab cov menyuam yug tshiab thiab hluav taws xob tom qab raug hluav taws xob.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no ua rau muaj beriberi, kab mob endocrine, xws li ntshav qab zib, ib puag ncig tsis zoo, noj qee yam tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tau muaj lub cev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau lees tias cov kab mob cataracts tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev siv luam yeeb.
Kab mob ntawm cov neeg laus
Raws li kev txheeb cais muaj los ntawm World He alth Organization, kwv yees li 80 feem pua ntawm cov kab mob cataracts tshwm sim tom qab hnub nyoog 70 xyoo. Ntau tus xav tias nws yog kab mob ntawm cov neeg laus, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis muaj tseeb kiag li.
Cataracts tshwm sim vim muaj hnub nyoog hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab lawv txhua tus tuaj raws sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum, cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kab mob cataracts tsis yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus, tab sis kuj muaj hnub nyoog ua haujlwm, piv txwv li, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 45-50 xyoo.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj biochemical ntawm lub lens. Nws tshwm sim vim muaj hnub nyoog txog cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev. Lub cloudy lens, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg laus lub cev, yog ib tug natural tshwm sim, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov tseeb hais tias. Leej twg tuaj yeem tsim kab mob cataract.
Symptoms
Thaum tus kab mob cataract tshwm sim, ib tug neeg pib pom fuzzy, txhua yam yuav plam rau nws. Qhov no yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau koj paub txog tus kab mob. Nws qhia tau hais tias huab cua twb kov lub hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm lub lens. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj kev kho mob phais.
Cov tsos mob ntxov ntawm tus kab mob cataract yog:
- kev tsis pom kev hmo ntuj;
- nyuaj xaws thiab nyeem ntawv zoo;
- siab rhiab heev rau lub teeb ci;
- distortion thiab txav ntawm cov khoom;
- nyuaj hauv cov txheej txheem xeem;
- ua kom tsis pom kev ntawm cov xim.
Yuav ua li cas?
Tam sim no, tsuas yog txoj kev kho mob zoo rau lub qhov muag qhov muag yog kev phais. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov huab lens. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog kev ua haujlwm microsurgical. Ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Ib lub lens dag lossis, hais lus tshawb fawb, lub lens intraocular, hloov cov huab cua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov khoom kho qhov muag, lub lens no zoo li lub ntuj tsim. Nws yog kev ntseeg siab heev.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv lub qhov muag yog qhov hloov tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb, tsom iav lossis kev tawm dag zog tsis tuaj yeem kho lub lens los ntawm kev ua kom pob tshab dua. Cov kev xav dav hais tias inhibition ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cataracts yog yooj yim los ntawmvitamin complexes, tsis txhawb los ntawm ib qho kev tshawb fawb loj tiag tiag.
Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Txhua xyoo, ntau yam haujlwm no tau ua nyob rau ntawm Fedorov Qhov Muag Microsurgery Center. Ob lub lis piam ua ntej kev ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob pub ntshav thiab zis, nws yuav tsum tau ua x-ray hauv siab thiab electrocardiogram. Mus ntsib kws kho mob, kws kho hniav thiab kws kho mob otorhinolaryngologist. Yog tias tus neeg mob raug mob ntshav qab zib, nws yuav xav tau cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist.
Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm rau nruab lub lens khoom yog ua tiav hnub tom qab tom qab tus neeg mob nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob. Thaum sawv ntxov, tshwj xeeb tee yog instilled rau hauv lub qhov muag, dilating tus me nyuam kawm ntawv, feem ntau tus neeg mob tau muab ib tug sedative kom nws thiaj li tau so.
Kev tshem tawm kab mob cataract ntawm Fedorov Qhov Muag Microsurgery Center yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom. Cov tshuaj loog hauv zos yog siv thaum phais. Tus neeg mob tsis tsaug zog, tseem nco qab, piv txwv li, pom tus kws kho mob cov lus.
Tus kws phais ua rau ntau qhov micro-punctures, qhib lub anterior capsule thiab tshem tawm lub lens puas lawm. Lub hnab nyob rau hauv uas nws yog, yog cleared ntawm cov seem ntawm cellular ntsiab. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb system, ib lub lens dag yog qhia. Nws muaj peev xwm nrog nws tus kheej sai li sai tau thaum nws nkag rau hauv qhov muag.
Thaum ua haujlwm tiav, lub qhov muag raug ntxuav nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, tom qab ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob tseem nyob hauv tsev kho mob li ib mus rau ob hnub. Yog tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tau ua rau tus neeg mob sab nraud, tus neeg mob raug xa mus tsev tom qab ob peb lub hlisteev. Raws li txoj cai, kev cuam tshuam kev phais hla dhau yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim.
