Coronary insufficiency: ua rau, qhia, kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Coronary insufficiency: ua rau, qhia, kho
Coronary insufficiency: ua rau, qhia, kho

Video: Coronary insufficiency: ua rau, qhia, kho

Video: Coronary insufficiency: ua rau, qhia, kho
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Coronary insufficiency yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis lossis ua tiav ntawm cov ntshav coronary. Tus mob no yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm kab mob plawv.

Muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

  1. mob plawv tsis txaus.
  2. Kab mob ntev.

Tus mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yog kho nyob ntawm daim ntawv. Ob txoj kev phais thiab kev kho mob thiab pej xeem tshuaj yog siv.

Yog vim li cas

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm coronary insufficiency yog spasms, atherosclerotic thiab thrombotic stenosis. Ib qho ntxiv load ntawm myocardium tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim. Kev thauj khoom nce ntxiv nrog rau cov hauv qab no:

  • tso tawm adrenaline rau hauv cov ntshav (kev ntxhov siab);
  • ntshav qab zib;
  • lub cev kub;
  • txheej txheem kis;
  • siab.

Kuj, qhov ua rau mob plab tsis txaus tuaj yeem yog:

  • mob plawv;
  • aortic aneurysm;
  • lub siab mob;
  • mob siab;
  • pulmonary thromboembolismhlab ntsha;
  • anaphylactic shock;
  • pulmonary stenosis;
  • tsis txaus siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha (vim spasms, thrombosis, nqaim ntawm lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha);
  • qaug cawv los ntawm kev haus dej cawv lossis nicotine (tso tawm cov tshuaj uas ua rau mob coronospasm).

Yog vim li cas vim li cas thiaj li tsis txaus ntseeg tshwm sim yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological uas tuaj yeem ua rau, ntawm lwm yam, kom tuag.

coronary insufficiency sudden tuag
coronary insufficiency sudden tuag

Symptomatics

Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsos ntawm cov cim ceeb toom raws sijhawm. Coronary insufficiency yog ib qho ua rau tuag los ntawm kab mob plawv. Muaj ntau daim ntawv teev cov tsos mob qhia tias nws muaj.

  1. Zoo mob ib ncig ntawm lub siab, kav ntev li kaum feeb.
  2. Ib qho tshwj xeeb "rigidity" ntawm lub cev uas tshwm sim nrog kev tawm dag zog lub cev.
  3. Pallor tsis tu ncua.
  4. High heart rate.

Raws li txoj cai, cov cim saum toj no pom nyob rau hauv ua ke. Nws tseem tsim nyog xav txog tias muaj ntau cov cim qhia. Lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

  1. Siab, ua pa qeeb qhia tias muaj mob.
  2. Qhia thiab ntuav. Lawv kuj yog harbiners ntawm pathological mob.
  3. Nyob qaub ncaug. Hauv lwm lo lus, ntau cov qaub ncaug tsis tu ncua.
  4. tso zis ntau dhau xim thiab tso tawm ntau dhau.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus qhia meej txog teeb meem hauv lub cev. Yog tias lawv pom, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov kev taw qhia tsim nyog, vim tias qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav tsum tau kho.

ua rau coronary insufficiency
ua rau coronary insufficiency

Diagnosis

Kev kuaj mob yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob no. Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas:

  1. Qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lees paub ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yog tsim los ntawm electrocardiography, nws tau ua nrog kev siv lub cev ua haujlwm. ECG - cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no, tshwm sim tom qab lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev, thiab tom qab 3-6 feeb, kev nyuaj siab ntawm ST ntu yuav pib. Lwm qhov kev qhia tsis ncaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yog qhov arrhythmia uas tshwm sim tom qab kev tawm dag zog lub cev.
  2. Lawv kuj ua haujlwm coronary angiography txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlab ntsha coronary, nrog rau txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm occlusive lossis stenotic lesions. Nov yog cov txheej txheem kuaj X-ray uas siv cov tshuaj sib txawv.
  3. txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov nyiaj electrolytes, qabzib, lipoproteins, qis thiab siab ceev tag nrho cov roj cholesterol, T thiab kuv, kuaj kuaj mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yog ua tiav. Kev kuaj pom ntawm cov cim qhia no txhais tau hais tias lub plawv nres lossis myocardial microinfarction twb tshwm sim lawm.
sudden coronary insufficiency
sudden coronary insufficiency

ntse zoo

Txoj kev txheeb cais ntawm kev tuag yam tsis tau xav txog yog kev tu siab heev:txhua xyoo muaj ntau thiab ntau dua li cov neeg tuag. Qhov tseem ceeb yog lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Lub plawv nqaij yuav tsum "ua pa" (muab nrog oxygen) thiab noj (muab nws tus kheej nrog microelements). Txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm cov nkoj.

Qhov ua rau mob plawv tsis txaus yog tib yam li cov khoom siv dav dav. Cov hlab ntsha nyob ze ntawm lub plawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug crown, uas yog vim li cas lub npe los ntawm - coronary los yog coronary. Yog tias cov ntshav khiav tsis muaj zog vim yog sab nraud lossis sab hauv vasoconstriction, lub plawv cov leeg xav tias tsis muaj zaub mov thiab oxygen. Qhov kev xav no hauv cov lus kho mob hu ua coronary insufficiency. Yog tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwm sim maj mam, ces lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm tau txais kev tsis txaus siab ntev. Kev nrawm nrawm (hauv ob peb teev lossis feeb) yog mob plawv tsis txaus. Vim li ntawd, cov khoom oxidation accumulates, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm "lub cev muaj zog", rupture ntawm lub nkoj, cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis, plawv nres, tuag.

Yeej, mob plawv tsis txaus ua rau muaj kab mob coronary. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob xws li kab mob plawv, raug mob, cerebral edema, pancreatitis, kab mob endocarditis.

Chronic form

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv mob ntev ntawm pathology ua raws los ntawm theem mob. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias ib tus neeg muaj mob plawv tsis txaus, tom qab qee lub sijhawm nws yuav dhau mus ua mob ntev.

Tus mob yog provoked los ntawm txo cov ntshav ntws mus rau myocardium. Qhov no, raws li txoj cai, yog vim atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha, lossis qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoomntshav. Tsis tas li, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias tus kab mob no tuaj yeem hloov tau.

Muaj cov npe dav dav ntawm cov tsos mob uas qhia txog kev tsis txaus ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Yog li, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem txiav txim tau yog tias tus neeg mob muaj:

  1. Ua tsis taus pa luv.
  2. hnoos qhuav tas li.
  3. Nias mob hauv myocardium.

Nws yuav tsum tau qhia meej tias thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob, cov tsos mob tshwm sim nrog kev tawm dag zog lub cev, tab sis raws li cov kab mob tshwm sim, lawv kuj tshwm sim lawv tus kheej thaum so.

Ntxiv rau cov cim saum toj no, kev tsis txaus ntseeg tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm:

  1. Ntaus.
  2. Vim.
  3. Imperative urge - xav tso zis tas li.

Sudden death

Cov xwm txheej zoo li no ua rau lub cev tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau tuag sai. Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, txawm tias tus neeg mob tau txais kev kho mob. Qhov no pathology yog tam sim no tsis to taub, xws li ib tug tshwm sim yuav tsum tau kev tshawb fawb ntau dua. Nws paub tias qhov tshwm sim no feem ntau pom hauv cov neeg laus, txawm li cas los xij, kev loj hlob ntawm pathology hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo kuj tseem ua tau.

Ntau zaus muaj tej xwm txheej uas tib neeg tsis yws txog lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tsis tau mus ntsib kws kho mob, tab sis lawv tau kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob plawv. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, ib tug txheej txheem tshwm sim uas thaiv qhov ib txwm coronary ncig, thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog ib tug txaus ntshai tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm oxygen mus rau lub plawv cov leeg. Lub plawv cov leeg yog raug rau shrinkagecov pa oxygen thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tuag hauv feeb vim tsis muaj zaub mov.

Nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, kev tuag tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv coronary insufficiency yog txuam nrog kub siab los yog nrog inflammatory dab uas cuam tshuam rau cov leeg ntawm lub plawv. Cov hauv qab no ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tuag:

  • nce ntshav khov;
  • kab mob sib kis nrog sepsis;
  • ib lub xeev ntawm overheating ntawm lub cev;
  • tsis muaj poov tshuaj, magnesium;
  • nkag mus ntawm huab cua npuas rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
mob coronary insufficiency
mob coronary insufficiency

kev kho mob

Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yog kev kho tshuaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho yog tshem tawm qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob thiab nws cov tsos mob. Ib lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob zoo li no yog los kho cov pa oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub plawv. Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj uas tau sau tseg rau kev mob plawv tsis txaus?

1. Kev kub ntxhov:

  • Aspirin yog ib yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav txhaws thiab tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws. Nws yooj yim rau kev tso ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, txawm tias lawv nqaim.
  • "Nitroglycerin" - muab cov pa oxygen rau cov hlwb ntawm lub plawv, yog li txhim kho cov ntshav ncig. Siv rau sudden coronary insufficiency.
  • "Clopidogrel" - cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem enzymatic ntawm platelets, hloov lawv cov receptors thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim.
  • "Ticlopidine" - tiv thaiv cov platelets los ntawm kev ua ke, txo cov ntshav viscosity, ua rau tsis muaj kev tsim ntawmntshav txhaws.
nitroglycerin ntsiav tshuaj
nitroglycerin ntsiav tshuaj

2. Painkillers:

  • "Droperidol" - blocks dopamine receptors hauv lub hlwb.
  • "Morphine" (analogous rau "Fentanyl") - tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha me me thiab venous dilatation. Puas yog narcotic opioid.
  • "Promedol" - ua los ntawm kev so cov leeg, uas ua rau tshem tawm spasms.

3. Thrombolytics:

Siv los ua kom cov ntshav txhaws, feem ntau siv tshuaj xws li Tenecteplase, Streptokinase, Urokinase, Alteplase

Kev kho mob yog sau los ntawm tus kws kho plawv, nyob ntawm seb lub cev mob.

txhaj tshuaj morphine
txhaj tshuaj morphine

kho mob phais

Thaum kev kho mob hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus tsis pab ntxiv lawm, kev siv phais phais yog siv, lub hom phiaj yog los kho cov ntshav rov qab mus rau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Muaj 2 hom kev phais kho mob tseem ceeb:

  • Bypass.
  • YAngioplasty.

Thaum shunting, cov kws kho mob tsim cov ntshav ntxiv nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw nqaim hauv lub nkoj. Rau qhov no, tus neeg mob cov hlab ntsha - cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha - feem ntau yog siv. Cov ntshav ntxiv no hu ua shunt.

Angioplasty tuaj yeem yog:

  • balloon;
  • laser.

Nyob rau hauv lub zais pa angioplasty, lub zais pa yog muab tso rau hauv qhov nqaim ntawm lub nkoj, uas nthuav qhov teeb meem.zaj. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, ib qho kev txiav me me yog ua rau hauv lub aorta, lub raj nrog lub zais pa ntawm qhov kawg yog ntxig, uas nce mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub nkoj nqaim.

Hauv kev kho laser, tsis yog lub raj, ib lub quartz filament tau muab tso rau hauv qhov txiav. Nws kuj nce mus rau qhov chaw ntawm constriction. Tom qab ntawd, lub laser yog qhib, uas cuam tshuam rau cov roj (cholesterol) - qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm constriction nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Cov roj cholesterol plaque raug rhuav tshem thiab cov lumen hauv lub nkoj loj dua.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm angioplasty nce mus txog 95%. Yog li ntawd, hom kev phais mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yog siv ntau zaus.

Danger

kab mob plawv ischemic feem ntau yuav luag asymptomatic, nce zuj zus thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem, qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm kev tuag coronary. Ntawm cov teeb meem feem ntau yog:

  • hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov leeg nqaij;
  • tawg ntawm lub plawv phab ntsa;
  • aortic aneurysm;
  • pericarditis (inflammatory lesion ntawm pericardial sac);
  • ntau hom arrhythmias;
  • tsis yeem vasoconstriction;
  • me me tab sis txaus ntshai hloov pauv hauv lub cev ntawm lub plawv.

Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho mob hnyav heev: tsis ruaj khov angina thiab myocardial infarction.

Muaj peb theem ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob:

  1. Muaj feem yuav tuag. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm tsam angina ntev tshaj 20 feeb, pulmonary edema nrog hnoos qeev, ntshav siab,ua tsis taus pa, tsaus muag ntawm qhov muag, tsis nco qab.
  2. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tuag yog txiav txim siab los ntawm angina tawm tsam tsawg dua 20 feeb (tso tawm hauv ob peb lub lis piam dhau los, tshem tawm yooj yim los ntawm resorption ntawm "Nitroglycerin"), kev tawm tsam thaum tsaus ntuj ntawm lub hauv siab, lub hnub nyoog. tus neeg mob tshaj 65 xyoo.
  3. Kev pheej hmoo tsawg vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntau zaus ntawm kev tawm tsam angina hauv ob lub hlis dhau los, txawm tias tom qab kev tawm dag zog me me, tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv ECG tshiab piv rau cov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los.
coronary insufficiency cov tsos mob
coronary insufficiency cov tsos mob

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Thaum nkag mus rau pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev mob plawv tsis txaus, nws yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev ua neej txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus mob no. Cov txheej txheem rau kev nkag mus rau pawg pheej hmoo:

  • overweight;
  • ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, kev ntxhov siab;
  • cov cholesterol

  • kev ua neej nyob;
  • smoking.
mob coronary insufficiency ua rau
mob coronary insufficiency ua rau

Cov lus pom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob:

  • Ua kom muaj lub neej nquag: qoj ib ce tsis tu ncua, ua luam dej hauv pas dej, taug kev qeeb. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis kam siv lub elevator thiab muab kev nyiam rau cov ntaiv. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom lub load sharply, nws yuav tsum tshwm sim maj mam. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws kho plawv.
  • Ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv, kev noj haus yuav tsum sib npaug. Yuav tsumtxo cov khoom noj uas muaj roj cholesterol thiab tsiaj rog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov roj zaub, xws li pob kws. Nws tseem pom zoo kom txwv tsis pub noj cov khoom qab zib thiab hmoov nplej. Kev noj ntau dhau yuav tsum zam.
  • Txo cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab. Koj yuav tsum sim txhawj kom tsawg li sai tau.

Yog tias koj ua raws li cov lus qhia saum toj no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis txaus yuav raug txo kom tsawg.

Pom zoo: